I-Cystoisosporiasis (eyaziwa ngokuthi i-isoporiasis) iyisifo esingajwayelekile se-parasitic yamathumbu ahlukaniswe yi-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) njengesimo esichaza i- AIDS . Ukusabalala emhlabeni wonke kuyashintsha, kanti izifo ezithinta kakhulu ezindaweni ezihlala ezishisayo noma ezingaphansi komhlaba (ikakhulukazi eCaribbean, Central America naseNingizimu Afrika).
Njengoba kutholakala ukwelashwa kwama-antiretroviral (ART) , i-cystoisosporiasis ibhekwa njengavamile phakathi kwabantu abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza ezweni elithuthukile. Noma kunjalo, ukuqhuma kwesinye isikhathi kuye kwabikwa eminyakeni yamuva, ngokuvamile ngenxa yokubuya kwabahambi noma abafuduka ezifundeni ezishisayo.
I-Causal Agent
I-Cystoisosporiasis ibangelwa yi- Cystoisospora belli ( C. belli ), i-parasite yamathumbu esondelene kakhulu ne- Toxoplasma gondii ( T. gondii ) ne- Cryptosporidium .
(I- T. gondii neCreptosporidium yizona zimpawu zokususa ezinye izimo ezimbili ezichaza i-AIDS, i- toxoplasmosis yobuchopho kanye ne- cryptosporidiosis , ngokulandelana.)
Indlela Yokudlulisa
Abantu yibo kuphela abaziwayo beC. Belli , isifo esasakazwa ngukudla noma amanzi aphikisiwe ngendwangu evela kubantu abathintekayo. Ukudluliselwa ngezocansi ngomlomo ("rimming") kungenzeka.
Izimpawu
Izimpawu zingadlulela amasonto futhi zibandakanye ubuhlungu besisu esiswini kanye nokudonsa isifo sohudo, okuhambisana nobuthakathaka kanye nobushushu obuphansi.
Ngabantu abathintekayo nge-immune, lezi zimpawu zingathuthuka ekukhuculeni amandla, ukungondleki noma ukugcina isikhashana uma kungashiywa ngaphandle kokulashwa.
Ngabantu abanekhono lokuzivikela, i- C. belli ukutheleleka ngokuvamile kuvame ukungena.
Ukuxilongwa
Isethulo somtholampilo asikwazi ukucaciswa kusuka ku-cryptosporidiosis futhi sidinga ukuhlolwa okungenakubalwa kwesampula sesiguli (noma, ngezikhathi ezithile, i-biopsy edongeni lomathumbu) ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
Ukwelapha
I-Cystoisosporiasis ivame ukuphathwa nge-anti-sterotic-based antibiotic, i-trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ).
Emzimbeni onamakhono okuzivikela, i-cystoisosporiasis ngokuvamile iyigciwane elizimele futhi ngokuvamile lixazulula ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokwelapha. Abantu abasengozini yokuzivikela nge- CD4 izibalo ezingaphansi kuka-150 amaseli / μL ngokuvamile baphendula kahle futhi bajwayele ukubuyela emuva uma ukwelashwa sekume. Ezimweni ezinjalo, i- prophylaxis yokuphila isikhathi eside ye-TMP-SMZ ingaboniswa.
Epidemiology
I-Cystoisosporiasis ikhona e-Afrika, e-Australia, eCaribbean, Latin America nase-Southeast Asia. Kwamanye amazwe, njengeHaiti, abantu abangaba ngu-15% banesifo sengculaza . Phakathi kwabantu abane-HIV ephakeme (isibalo se-CD4 ngaphansi kwamangqamuzana angu-200 / mL), izinga liphakeme nakakhulu, lihamba cishe ngama-40%.
Ukuhamba kwamanye amazwe kuye kwasiza ukusabalalisa kwesifo kwezinye izifunda, ngokuphazamiseka okukodwa okuphawulwe endaweni yaseLos Angeles kusukela ngo-1985 kuya ku-1992. Kulesi sibonelo, ukutheleleka kwaqinisekiswa ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zaseSpanishi futhi cishe cishe phakathi kwabantu abathiwa babe ne-AIDS. Ukusabalala kwaphakathi kokuphakathi kwama-5-7%.
Muva nje, izakhamuzi zase-Atlanta zikholelwa ukuthi zinegciwane leCellili ngasekuqaleni kukaJulayi 2015, kanti umuntu oyedwa wabika ukuthi ubuyile ohambweni oluya eKenya.
Amanani emazweni aphansi, amaholo aphezulu anqunywe ngokuphawulekayo eminyakeni yamuva ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okubanzi kwe-TMP-SMZ, isidakamizwa esinikezwe njenge-prophylaxis ukuvimbela i-pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) kubantu abane-HIV.
Igama lokubiza: sis-to-eye-so-spore-EYE-uh-sis
Futhi eyaziwa ngokuthi: Isoporiasis
Imithombo:
Amasevisi aseMelika okuLawula nokuvimbela izifo (CDC). "Isithasiselo A - Izimo Ezichaza Nge-AIDS." I-Atlanta, Georgia; iphelile ukubuyekezwa ngoNovemba 20, 2008.
Heyworth, M. "Izifo ezithathelwanayo ezihlakalweni ezingenakuqhathaniswa ne-immunocompromised hosts." Cryptosporidiosis, isosporiasis, ne-strongyloidiasis. " Imitholampilo ye-Gastroenterology eNyakatho Melika. 1996; 25 (3): 691-707.
I-Lagrange-Xélot, M .; I-Porcher, R .; USarfati, C .; et al. "I-Isosporiasis ezigulini ezine-HIV ekuthelelweni kwe-antiretroviral kakhulu esebenzayo eFrance." I-HIV Medicine. Februwari 2008; 9 (2): 126-130.
I-guiguet, i-M .; I-Furco, A .; U-Tattevin, uP .; et al. "Ukutheleleka kwesibindi se-Isospora ngesifo se-HIV: izigameko nezimo eziyingozi kwiDatala yeSibhedlela saseFrance nge-HIV." I-HIV Medicine. Mashi 2007; 8 (2): 124-130.
I-Sorvillo, F .; U-Lieb, uL .; Seidel, J .; et al. "I-Epidemiology ye-isosporiasis phakathi kwabantu abane-immunodeficiency syndrome eLos Angeles County." I- American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene . Disemba 1995; 53 (6): 656-9.
UPetchenik, M. "Odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi izidumbu zibangelwa ukugula okungaqondakali e-Atlanta." I-Dayton Daily New; ishicilelwe ngoJulayi 15, 2015.
DeHovitz, J .; Pape, J .; Boncy, M .; et al. "Ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo nokwelapha kwe-Isospora belli ukutheleleka ezigulini ezine-immunodeficiency syndrome." I- New England Journal of Medicine . Ngo-July 10, 1986; 315 (2): 87-90.