Ngokubanzi ukunciphisa i-HIV antibodies (bNAbs) yizikhuhlane ezivikelayo ezikhiqizwa yisistimu yomzimba, okukwazi ukunciphisa izinhlobo eziningi ze-HIV. Lezi zinqamuzana ezingavamile kakhulu kubantu uma ziqhathaniswa nama-antibodies angenasiphakamiso (noma ama-NAbs) aqondene nenkinga eyodwa ye-HIV.
Njengamanje kunezingqinamba ezingaphezu kwezingu-60 ezihlukahlukene eziphezulu ze- HIV-1 emhlabeni, ngobuningi bezinhlayiya ezibizwa ngokuthi yi-recombinant strains HIV.
Njengoba izinhlobo eziningi ze-HIV zingabikho ngaphakathi komuntu oyedwa, ukuthuthukisa umgomo wokugoma we-HIV uye wabonisa ukukhathazeka ocwaningweni njengoba imishanguzo yendabuko iqala impendulo ye-antibody ukuthi inganciphisa mhlawumbe imithi eyodwa noma embalwa.
Ukuze umgomo uphumelele ngempela, ososayensi badinga ukuthuthukisa i-inoculant ekwazi ukusula izinhlobo eziningi ze-HIV. Yingakho ukutholakala kwama-bNAbs kuye kwaba yinkimbinkimbi ekwakheni umgomo wokugomela i-HIV .
I-bNAbs okwamanje ikhonjisiwe yayingabodwa kubantu ababonisa ukuthi bane-immate immune HIV ("elite neutralizers") noma ikhono lokugwema ukuqhubeka kwezifo ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwezidambisigciwane ("isikhathi eside isikhathi esingenzi phambili").
Izinselele kanye Nezinselelo Ekuthuthukiseni Amagciwane
Nakuba isibalo se-BNAbs sitholakale kude nango-1993, abakhokhelwayo abaphumelele kakhulu bebodwa kuphela ngemva kuka-2009 (kufaka phakathi okunye okufana ne-VRC0-1 ne-VRC0-2, eyaziwa ukuthi iyanciphisa ama-90% wezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene).
Kodwa-ke, ukuhlukaniswa kwala ma-antibodies akusho ukuthi ososayensi bangahlakulela umuthi wokugoma okwazi ukugqugquzela impendulo efanayo ye-immune (humoral) kumuntu ngamunye. Kuze kube manje, asizange sibone lokhu, kungaba ngemigomo eyenzelwe ukuvikela nge-HIV noma ukuvimbela ukuqhubeka kwesifo kulabo abasesandulela ngculaza.
Lokho abacwaningi abaye bakuthola ukuthi, ngaphandle kwama-neutralizers ama-elite, ama-bNAbs awasebenzi ngendlela efanayo nomuntu ngamunye ogonywe. Ngenkathi i-bNAbs ngokwayo ikwazi ukunciphisa igciwane, sifundile ukuthi ngokuvamile kunzima ukuba bangene ngaphakathi kwegciwane "(" noma "imvilophu").
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubantu abanegciwane lesandulela-ngculaza-okubhekiswe kuzo imishanguzo yokwelapha-impendulo yokuzihlaziya ibonakala igcwele isikhathi. Lokhu kungachazwa ukuthi ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi, ngokoqobo, kubangela inani le- CD4 T-cell eliqala ukuvikela omzimba. Ngaphandle kwempendulo ye-CD4 enamandla, kungaba nzima ukwenza umkhiqizo we-BNAbs ube nomthelela owanele noma ohlala njalo.
Ngisho noma impendulo eyanele itholakele, ucwaningo oluthile lubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka lube luyinto eqhubeka isikhathi eside, ngesikhathi lapho i- HIV ingase iguqule khona ukuze igweme imiphumela ye-antibodies.
Indlela eya phambili
Naphezu kwalezi zithiyo, abacwaningi baqhubeka behlola izindlela ezihlukile noma ezizenzekelayo, kuhlanganise nokusetshenziswa kwebhaktheriya yezofuzo (indlela eyaboniswa ngayo ivuselela ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, isibonelo) ngisho nama-vectors asekelwe ezitshalweni (njenge- Agrobacterium tumefacien, ingaletha i-DNA ezakhiwe ngokofuzo kumaseli omuntu).
Abanye, okwamanje, baphenya ukuthi imishanguzo yezinhlanganisela kanye / noma i-booster inoculations ingase ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle, kanti ucwaningo oluthile lubonisa ukuthi ukuvuthwa kombiko we-bNAb ovikelayo kungathatha iminyaka eminingana.
Ukwandisa ulwazi mayelana ne-bNAbs kungase kugcwalise indlela eya kumasu amaningi okwenziwe lapho kusetshenziswa ama-multiple neutralizing agents. Phakathi kwalabo okuthiwa " ama-antibodies monoclonal " akwazi ukukhetha ngokukhethekile ukuhlukahluka kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, okunye okukhona okunamandla okwehlisa izinto.
Enye yezinto ezithokozisayo ezitholakale zizungeze i- anti-N6 , evivinyweni lebhu ebese yakwazi ukunciphisa u-98% wezinkinga zonke ze-HIV.
Nakuba kungaqiniseki ukuthi lezi ziphumo zizobhekana nokuhlolwa kwesilwane noma abantu, kubonakala sengathi kungenye ye-bBbs ebaluleke kunazo zonke.
Imithombo:
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Izikhungo Zempilo Zikazwelonke (NIH). "I-NIH Ososayensi, I-Grantees Map I-Possible Path yokuthola igciwane lesandulela ngculazi: Co-Evolution ye-HIV ne-Strong Antibody Response Charted for First Time." I-Bethesda, e-Maryland; Ukukhululwa kwezindaba kukhishwe ngo-Ephreli 3, 2013.
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