Ukungabi nabulungiswa Bheka i-Pros and Cons Cons of Cannabis Ukusebenzisa ngokuhlobene neHIV
Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zesifo se-HIV, inambuzane (i-cannabis) isetshenziselwe ukubhekana nezinkinga eziningi zesifo, kusukela ezibonisweni ze- HIV ukuchitha isifo semiphumela emibi ehambisana nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-antiretroviral .
Ngenkathi izidakamizwa ezintsha zenzalo ziye zanciphisa kakhulu izigameko nokuqina kweminingi yalezi zimo, inambuzane isavame ukuthandwa njengendlela yokunciphisa ubuhlungu, isisulu sokuphuza isisindo, ukulahlekelwa isisindo, nokucindezeleka okungahambisana nokutheleleka.
Kukhona ngisho nokusikisela ukuthi inambuzane ingakwazi ukuthola izinzuzo zesikhathi eside ngokunciphisa ngokuphumelelayo-noma ngisho nokuvimbela-ukuqhubeka kwesifo.
Ngakho yiziphi amaqiniso? Zikhona yini izifundo zokusekela lezi zimangalo, noma ingabe ukusetshenziswa kwamanoni ekuphatheni i-HIV yonke i-buzz futhi ayikho inzuzo?
Ukusetshenziswa Kokuqala KweMariju ye-HIV
Kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1980 ukuya phakathi nango-1990, i-HIV yaba yingxenye enkulu yokufa nokugula e-United States. Izidakamizwa zegciwane lesandulela ngculaza zakuqala zazingenakwenzeka nje kuphela ekuhlulekeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi , zivame ukuza nemiphumela emibi ephuthumayo ngezinye izikhathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abaphila nalesi sifo babekwe engozini enkulu yezifo esingazibonanga njalo kulezi zinsuku, kuhlanganise ne-Kaposi's sarcoma (uhlobo oluvamile lwesifo somdlavuza wesikhumba), ukugula komzimba kwe-AIDS , kanye nesandulela-ngculazi sokuhlushwa kwesifo se-HIV.
Kwakuyiqiniso ukuthi lesi simo sokugcina esasikhuthaza ukusekelwa kokusetshenziswa kwensangu yezokwelapha. Odokotela, ngaleso sikhathi ababenezinketho ezimbalwa zokwelapha, baqaphele ukuthi izindawo zokugoma zenyama-mboni zingabasiza labo ababhekana nokulahleka okunzima okungaqondakali ngenxa yalesi simo esingaqondakali.
Ngenxa yokuthi imithetho ngaleso sikhathi yayivimbela ukusebenzisa inambuzane ngezilungiselelo zokwelapha, odokotela baqala ukubeka isimiso seMithi III se- Marinol (i-dronabinol) , equkethe uhlobo lwe-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), isithako esisebenzayo se-cannabis.
Ngenkathi iMarinol iphumelele ekunciphiseni izimpawu eziningi ze-HIV ukuchitha, abaningi babesithanda "ukushaywa kweso" okuvela emakhohliseni amathathu kuya emine okubhema ugwayi.
Ucwaningo Lokusekela I-Mariju ekubhekaneni nokunciphisa i-HIV
Ngenkathi ukusekelwa ngogwayi ekwelapheni kwe-HIV kuqeda, ukucwaninga okuningi okusekelweyo kusencane. Lokhu kubangelwa, ikakhulukazi, ukuthi imithetho elawula ukusetshenziswa kwe-marijuti iphoqele uphenyo olunzulu lwesayensi.
Ngokuphambene, izifundo ezisekela ukusetshenziswa kweMarinol zisekelwe kahle. Kokubili ukucwaninga kwesikhashana kanye nesikhathi eside sekuphelile ukuthi uMarinol angandisa ukondla nokuqiniswa kwesisindo nabantu abanezidakamizwa ezithuthukisiwe, kuyilapho bethola inzuzo ejwayelekile yamaphesenti owodwa emasimini ahlanzekile.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, kunedatha encane ebonisa ukusebenza kwejuju ekubhemeni ekufezeni imiphumela efanayo. Iningi ucwaningo, eqinisweni, lubonakala lubonisa ukuthi uMarinol usebenza kakhulu ekufezeni inzuzo yesisindo. Naphezu kwalokhu, abantu bathambekele ekuthandeni ukubhema inambuzane ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo ezibonakalayo, kusukela ekuziphatheleni okusheshayo ekusetshenzisweni kwezakhiwo zokucindezeleka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izidakamizwa ezinjengeMegace (i-megestrol acetate) ziyaziwa ukuthi ziyasebenza kakhulu ekuvuseleleni ukuzuza kwesisindo kunanoma yi-Marinol (nakuba inzuzo yesisindo ivame ukuba ngenxa yokwanda kwamafutha omzimba esikhundleni sokuqina komzimba). Kulezi zidakamizwa ezintathu, akekho okubonakala sengathi ayinayo impumelelo ekuguquleni isikhumba se-cachexia , i-atrophy ye-muscular ehambisana nokuchitheka okukhulu.
Namuhla, izinqubo eziningi zokwelapha zihlanganisa inhlanganisela yokudla okunomsoco kanye nezidakamizwa ze-anabolic (njenge- testosterone kanye ne-hormone yokukhula komuntu) ukuphatha ukuchithwa okunzima. Kuze kube sekugcineni, inambuzane ingase inikeze inzuzo ngaphezu kokuzuza kwesisindo nokufisa ukudla. Ngokwandisa inhlalakahle yomuntu jikelele, kukhona ubufakazi bokuthi inambuzane yezokwelapha ingathuthukisa kakhulu ukunamathela komuntu ekwelashweni kwe-HIV .
Eqinisweni, isifundo esanyatheliswa kuyi- Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes siphetha ngokuthi abantu abanezimpawu ezinzima zamathumbu babenamathuba angama-33 okunamathela emithini yabo ye-HIV uma bexhaswa ngoshukela.
I-Marijuana ekunciphiseni i-HIV-Associated Nerve Pain
Ngaphandle kwezakhiwo zayo ezifisa ukudla, inambuzane isetshenziswe njalo ukunciphisa isimo sezinzwa ezibuhlungu okuthiwa i- peripheral neuropathy , umthelela ohlangothini oluhlobene kakhulu nezidakamizwa zesandulela-ngculazi zangaphambili.
I-peripheral neuropathy ivela lapho ingxenyeni yangaphakathi ihlanganisa amangqamuzana omgogodla ekuqothulweni. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ukuphela kwezidakamizwa eziveziwe kungabangela "izikhonkwane nezinaliti" ezingakhululekile ezingathuthukela esimweni esibucayi kakhulu. Kwezinye izimo, i-neuropathy inkulu kakhulu ekwenzeni ukuhamba noma ngisho nesisindo sombhede ezinyaweni zomuntu ongeke ukwazi ukuthwala.
Amathimba amaningi ocwaningo ahlolisise imiphumela ye-analgesic yobunikazi ekwelapheni lesi simo esivame ukukhubazeka. Esinye isifundo esinjalo, esiqhutshelwa ku-General Clinical Research Clinic eSan Francisco General Hospital, silinganisa imiphumela yokubhema inambuzane kubantu abane-neuropathy ye-peripheral neuropathy ne-non-THC marijuana placebo esetshenziswa eqenjini lesibili.
Ngokusho kocwaningo, ukubhema inambuzane kunciphise ubuhlungu bansuku zonke ngamaphesenti angu-34, kabili inani elibonwe eqenjini le-placebo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphesenti angu-52 alabo ababhema inambuzane banciphise ukuhlukumeza okungaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-30, uma kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti angu-24 kuphela engxenyeni ye-placebo.
Umphenyi waphetha ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-marijuana kwakubhekene namanxusa omlomo atholakalayo okwamanje asetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwe-HIV ehambisana ne-HIV.
Kungenzeka yini ukuthi i-Marijuana Yeka ukuguqulwa kwezifo ze-HIV?
Nakuba kukhona ucwaningo olunzulu lokusekela ukusetshenziswa kwezinyosi ekwelapheni izimo eziningana ezihlobene negciwane lesandulela ngculazi, kube khona iziphakamiso eziphakeme kakhulu ukuthi lesi sidakamizwa kungenzeka, empeleni, siphumelele ukuqhubeka kwesifo .
Ucwaningo oluqhutshwa eLouisana State University lubonisa ukuthi ukulinganisa nsuku zonke kwe-THC kuhlobaniswa namazinga aphansi omsebenzi wegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kanye namanani okuphila okungcono ezinkameni ezinesandulela nge-SIV (uhlobo olufanayo lwe-HIV). Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinkabi zathola inqwaba ephawulekayo ku- CD4 + T-cell , kanye nokulahlekelwa kwesisindo esincane uma kuqhathaniswa nabalingani abangewona i-THC.
Ngokusho kocwaningo, lapho kukhishwa isikhathi esingangezinyanga ezingu-17, i-THC yabonakala ukunciphisa umonakalo emathisini omzimba womzimba, indawo eyisisekelo yokutheleleka nge-HIV. Ngokwenza kanjalo (futhi ngokusobala ezingeni lezakhi zofuzo), ukuqhuma kwezifo kwancipha kakhulu futhi impendulo enempilo yomzimba igcinwe.
Nakuba kungacacile ukuthi i-THC yenzani lezi zinguquko, kucatshangwa ukuthi ukugqugquzelwa kwe-CR2 (i-cannabinoid receptor ehlanganiswe nempendulo emihle yokwelapha) ingavimbela ngokungaqondile ukukodwa kokubili okuyisisekelo esikhulu sokuthola ukutheleleka nge-HIV.
Uma kuyiqiniso, lokhu kungase kuhambise indlela eya endleleni yokwelapha lapho i-CR2 ingashukumiswa khona ukuze ivuselele ukusebenza komzimba futhi iphuze lesi sifo ngokwayo. Lokho akusikho ukuthi ukuthi inambuzane, noma ukubhema noma ifakwe ngendlela yomlomo, ingakwazi ukukhokhela noma iyiphi inzuzo yokwelapha i-HIV ngokwayo.
Imiphumela emibi yokusetshenziswa kweMarijuana
Isihloko senambuzane yezokwelapha sihlala siphikisana kakhulu futhi sithweswe icala kwezombusazwe. Ngenkathi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunenombolo ekhulayo yezibonakaliso ezizuzisayo zokusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha, kunezinombolo eziningi zemiphumela efanelekayo engadambisa lezo zinzuzo.
Njengesidakamizwa, i-THC isebenza ngamangqamuzana athile okuthola ubuchopho adlala indima ekuthuthukiseni ubuchopho nokusebenza okujwayelekile. Uma kusetshenziselwa ukuzijabulisa, i-THC ivuselela lawa maseli, inikeze "phezulu" ukuthi abasebenzisi bafuna ngokugcwele. Ezinganeni, leli zinga lokugqugquzela ngokweqile lingathinta ngokuphawulekayo ukusebenza kwengqondo esikhathini eside, ukubonakalisa ngememori empofu nokunciphisa amakhono okufunda. (Okufanayo akubonakali kuyiqiniso kubantu abadala abavutha njalo.)
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa koguja olunzima kuhlotshaniswa nemiphumela eminingi emzimbeni nasengqondweni, okufaka:
- Izinkinga zokuphuza, ezifana nalabo ababhemayo ababhemayo
- Ukwanda kwentando yenhliziyo, inkinga kulabo abanesifo senhliziyo
- Izinkinga zokuthuthukiswa kwe-fetal ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
- Ukuphuthuma kwezibonakaliso ezihambisana nokugula kwengqondo, kufaka phakathi i-schizophrenia
- Ukudakwa nokuphuza isikhathi sokuphendula, ngokuphindaphindiwe kokuphindaphindiwe ingozi yokulimala kwezimoto ezibulalayo
- Ukulimala kokuzala kwesilisa ngenxa yokubala kwesibalo esiphezulu
Ngenkathi imiphumela emibi yezinga eliphansi, ukusetshenziswa komdlavuza wesibhakabhaka kubonakala sengathi sekuphansi, kungaba yingozi kulabo abasengozini. Lezi zindlela ikakhulukazi zixhomeke emzimbeni futhi zingahlukahluka komunye nomuntu.
Ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, inambuzane ingaba umlutha. Ukwelashwa kwalesi sigqila kunqatshelwe ngokuyinhloko ezindabeni zokwelapha. Ayikho imithi ekhona okwelapha umlutha we-cannabis.
Imithetho Yezokwelapha Zomuthi Kahulumeni
Indawo engokomthetho ehambisana nensangu yezokwelapha ishintsha ngokushesha. Namuhla, ngaphezu kwengxenye yamazwe ase-US manje avumela ukuba kutholakale inambuzane ephelele, yezokwelapha zomphakathi kanye nezinhlelo zezinhlanzi.
Ngenkathi uhulumeni waseHerald ehlukumeza imbongi njengesidakamizwa seSheduli I (okusho ukuthi unamandla okwethembela futhi awukho ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha okwamukelwe), i-push for legalization iye yazuza, kanti amanye amazwe avumela ukuthengisa okudayiswa kubantu abadala. Imithetho kulezi zihlukahluka kodwa ngokuvamile ihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kwesenzo sobugebengu uma inambuzane isetshenziselwa izinjongo zokwelapha. Ukulima ekhaya kwezinye izindawo nakho kuvunyelwe.
Kusukela ngo-2016, amazwe ayisishiyagalombili ase-United States (i-Alaska, eCalifornia, iColorado, iMaine, iMassachusetts, i-Nevada, i-Oregon, eWashington) iye yasungula inambuzane kokusetshenziswa kokudla kanye nokuzilibazisa.
Naphezu kwalezi zinguquko zomthetho, njengezidakamizwa zeSheduli I, inambuzane ihlala ingekho emthethweni ngokwemibono yaseFrance. Ngenxa yalokho, inambuzane yezokwelapha ayikwazi ukumbozwa umshuwalense wezempilo futhi ingabe ingabekwa ngokomthetho ngudokotela, obeka engozini isenzo somthetho ngisho nalapho kutholakala khona inambuzane yezokwelapha.
> Imithombo:
> Badowski, M. kanye noPerez, S. "Ukusetshenziswa komtholampilo we-dronabinol ekwenzeni ukulahlekelwa isisindo okuhlobene neHIV ne-AIDS." I- HIV AIDS. Ngo-February 10, 2016; 8: 37-45.
> Haney, M. "Imiphumela yokugcoba inambuzane empilweni yezempilo kanye ne-HIV +." Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. Novemba 2002; 42 (11 Ukwengeza): 34S-40S.
> De Jong, B .; I-Prentiss, D .; McFarland, W .; et al. "I-Marijuana Sebenzisa kanye Nokubambisana Kwayo Ngokunamathela Emithwalweni Ye-Antiretroviral Treatment Among People's Infected With Moderate to Seausea Seausea." I- Journal of Immune Disability Deficiency Syndromes. NgoJanuwari 1, 2005; 38 (1): 43-46.
> Abrams, D .; Jay, C .; Umthunzi, S .; et al. "I-cannabis ebuchosheni obuhlobene nobuhlungu be-HIV obuhlobene no-HIV: Isilingo esilawulwa ngokungahleliwe se-placebo." I- Neurology . Februwari 13; 2007; 68 (7): 515-521.
> Molina, P .; Amedee, A .; LeCapitaine, N .; et al. "Ukuguqulwa kwamasu okuguga okuyi-Chronic Δ 9 - Tetrahydrocannabinol Ukuphathwa Kwamadoda aseRhesus Macaques abesilisa abathintekayo nge-Simian Immunodeficiency Virus: Ukuhlaziywa Kwama-Biology Systems." Ucwaningo lwe-AIDS kanye nama-Retroviruses abantu. Juni 2014; 30 (6): 567-578.