Ukwelashwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kuyahluka ngokusabalalisa kanye nokugula
Eminyakeni emithathu emva kokuvela kwezehlakalo zokuqala ze-AIDS e-US, ososayensi abathathu, uRobert Gallo , uLuc Montagnier, noFrancoise Barre-Sinoussi , bathola igciwane elibangela lesi simangaliso esingavamile sokuzivikela nge-immune, i-HIV.
Eminyakeni eminingana kamuva, kwatholakala indoda entsha e-Afrika, enezici zofuzo ezahluke kakhulu kuneyodwa eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika.
Ngenxa yalokho, igciwane lesandulela ngculaza labizwa nge-HIV-1 ngenkathi uhlobo olusha lubizwa nge-HIV-2 .
Ku-biology, uhlobo oluthile luvele nje ukuhlukahluka kwezakhi zofuzo okwenza kube okuyingqayizivele ngokuphelele. Ukufana kungase kube khona kodwa ekugcineni yizinto ezizimele ezizimele. Ukukhuluma ngokwemvelo, i-HIV-2 yindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu ye-HIV kanye nokungafani okucashile kodwa okwehlukile.
I-HIV-1 ne-HIV-2 ifana kanjani na?
Naphezu kokungaboni kahle kwezofuzo zabo, i-HIV-1 ne-HIV-2 babelana ngokufana okulandelayo:
- Izinyathelo zokudlulisa zifana (ukuthintana ngokocansi, ukuxhumana kwegazi negazi, ukuthunyelwa komama kuya kwengane ).
- Abantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculazi-2 bancike ezifweni ezifanayo zengozi njengalabo abane-HIV-1.
- I-HIV-1 ne-HIV-2 ziphathwa ngemithi efanayo ye- antiretroviral .
- Ukuhlolwa okufanayo kwe- CD4 kungasetshenziswa ukuqapha ukuqhubeka kwe-HIV-1 ne-HIV-2.
I-HIV-1 ne-HIV-2 ihluke kanjani?
Kukhona umehluko wezinombolo phakathi kwe-HIV-1 ne-HIV-2. Phakathi kwabo:
- I-HIV-2 ibonakala ingenangqondo kakhulu , ngokuvamile isusa isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ngezinga eliphansi kune-HIV-1.
- Abantu abanesandulela-ngculazi-2 bavame ukungena esandulela isandulela sesifo uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abane-HIV-1.
- Kodwa-ke, i-HIV-2 ibonakala isifo esithathelwanayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngezigaba lapho isifo se- CD4 sehlile ngezansi kwamaseli angama-200 / mL.
I-HIV-2 ivinjelwe kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba uma kuqhathaniswa ne-HIV-1 (nakuba ukuhamba ngamazwe kuye kwavumela ukukhulisa ukusatshalaliswa komhlaba)
Isivivinyo somthwalo wegciwane lesandulela ngculazi esetshenziselwa i-HIV-1 asinokwethenjelwa kubantu abane-HIV-2.
- Ezinye izidakamizwa ze-antiretroviral zingasebenza ngokuphumelelayo kakhulu kubantu abane-HIV-2 nakuba lokhu kuhlobene kakhulu nezidakamizwa zokuzala ezidala kunabasha.
Kuphi Izwe i-HIV-2 Iningi Elivamile?
I-HIV-2 igxile kakhulu emazweni aseNtshonalanga Afrika njengaseSenegal, eNigeria, eGhana nase-Ivory Coast. Esikhathini esidlule, amacala ambalwa abike ngaphandle kwalezi zindawo, kodwa lezo zinombolo ziyashintsha ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi emazweni asakazeke nge-HIV-2 athandwa ngabahambi bamazwe ngamazwe noma labo abanomthelela ophezulu wezifiki ezivela emazweni ase-HIV-2.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphakathi kokubili i-HIV-1 ne-HIV-2 kukhona amaqembu amaningana, ama-subtypes ("ama-clades"), nama-subtypes , okwandisa ukuhlukahluka kwegciwane. Yilokho ukuhlukahluka okwenza i-HIV ibe "umgomo ohambelayo" kubacwaningi abanobunzima ukudala umuthi wokugoma okwazi ukuphatha konke okuhambisanayo kwegciwane.
Kukhona okwamanje amaqembu ayisishiyagalombili we-HIV-2, nakuba ama-subtypes A no-B kuphela abhekwa njengengculazi.
I-HIV-2 ikholakala ukuthi ihamba ngezinhlobo ze-SIV ezithinta ama- mangabeys monkey ngqo kubantu.
I-HIV-2 Iqembu A libonakala ikakhulu eNtshonalanga yeAfrika, nakuba ukuhamba ngamazwe kuye kwaholela ezincane ezimbalwa zamadokhumenti ezilotshiwe e-US, Europe, Brazil naseNdiya. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-HIV-2 Group B ivinjelwe ezingxenyeni zaseNtshonalanga Afrika.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-HIV-1 inezinhlangano ezine nama-subtypes amaningi ahlala ezifundeni ezahlukene nakweqembu elihlukile, kuhlanganise namadoda alala nobulili namadoda abasebenzisa izidakamizwa .
Izwi elivela
Esikhathini esidlule, ukutholakala kokuhlolwa kwe-HIV-2 kwakunciphile futhi kuyatholakala kuphela ngesicelo esikhethekile.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuhlola okuhlanganiswa kwesizukulwane esisha (kuhlanganise ne- Alere Determine Combo ) kukhishwe emakethe, okukwazi ukuhlola hhayi kuphela i-HIV-1 ne-HIV-2 kodwa ne-antibodies antigen kanye nama-antigen.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlola ukuthi unesandulela ngculazi-1 ne-HIV-2, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlale uthola ochwepheshe we-HIV ofanelekayo abangasiza ekuhloleni ukuthi iyiphi imithi engcono yokuphatha igciwane lakho. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okunganquma isakhiwo segciwane lesandulela ngculaza, kanye nokukhomba ama-antigen aqondene ne-HIV-1 noma i-HIV-2.
Izivivinyo zizocacisa izinguquko ezithile ezinikezela ekumelaneni nezidakamizwa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zemithi ye-HIV. Ngokungafaki izidakamizwa ezingasebenzi nokugcina lezo ezenzayo, ungaqiniseka ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukwelashwa okungcono kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokutheleleka.
> Imithombo;
> de Cock, K. et. al. "I-Epidemiology nokudluliselwa kwe-HIV-2: kungani kungenabhubhane le-HIV-2"; I-JAMA. 1993; 270 (17): iphe 2083-2086.
> Palm A .; Esbjörnsson, J .; Månsson, F .; et al. "Ukuqhubeka okusheshayo kokufa kwe-AIDS kanye ne-AIDS phakathi kwabantu kubangelwa abantu abanegciwane le-HIV-1 A3 / CRF02_AG uma kuqhathaniswa ne-sub-subtype A3." Journal of Infectious Diseases. Mashi 1, 2014; 209 (5): 721-728.
> Abecasis, A .; I-Wensig, A .; I-Paraskevis, D .; et al. "Ukusabalalisa kwe-HIV-1 subtype kanye nezibalo zayo zokuhlaliswa kwabantu ezigulini ezisanda kutholakala eYurophu zisho ukuthi izifo eziwumkhuhlane wezintambo zingasetshenziswa." I- Retrovirology. NgoJanuwari 14, 2013; 10: 7; i-doi: 10.1186 / 1742-4690-10-7.
> Abecasis, A .; I-Wensig, A .; I-Paraskevis, D .; et al. "Ukusabalaliswa kwe-HIV-1 subtype kanye nesimo sabantu abakhethwe yiziguli ezitholakale zitholakale eYurophu kubonisa ukuthi kunezifo eziwumkhuhlane omkhulu." I- Retrovirology. NgoJanuwari 14, 2013; 10: 7; i-doi: 10.1186 / 1742-4690-10-7.