Ukuqeda Isinqumo Sokuphila Ngomnikelo Wezinhlaka
Isipho somzimba nesishukela yisipho osishiya abanye uma ushona. Ngenkathi kungenzeka futhi ukuba unikele izitho ngenkathi usaphila , umnikelo ophindwa kaningi wenziwa ngesikhathi sokufa.
Ngokusho kukahulumeni wase-US, abantu abangaba ngu-85 bathola izitho ezifakwe kabusha ngosuku ngalunye. Yilokho izindaba ezinhle. Izindaba ezimbi ukuthi abantu abangu-22 base-United States bafa usuku ngalunye balinde isici esingaze sitholakale.
Kunoma yisiphi isikhathi, cishe abangu-118 000 baseMelika balindele isipho sesitho noma izicubu zomzimba kusuka kumuntu oshonile.
Abamukeli bezinhlangano nemindeni yabanikeli nabamukeli bathola ukwaneliseka kokubili kokupha nokwamukela. Umuntu othola isitho esisha noma izicubu uzophila impilo ende futhi enempilo, noma ikhwalithi yokuphila kwakhe izoba ngcono. Umndeni womnikeli uvame ukuzwa sengathi ukudabuka kokulahlekelwa othandekayo wabo kunciphisa ulwazi lokuthi impilo yomunye umuntu ithuthukiswe ngumnikelo.
Njengoba iziguli zicabangela izifiso zabo zokuphela kokuphila , zizofuna ukufaka izinqumo mayelana nokunikela izitho, izicubu noma ngisho nemizimba yazo yonke. Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezilandelayo zingakusiza wenze lezo zincumo kuwe.
Ukugula noma ubudala kuthinta kanjani ikhono lokunikela izitho?
Asikho isikhathi esiphezulu sokunikezwa komzimba. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umuntu ogulayo uyaphi lapho efa, kungenzeka kube khona izingxenye zomzimba ongafakelwa kabusha.
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo zizobangela ukuba abenzi bezinqumo zokufakelwa bagxume isiguli njengomhlinzeki. Iziguli ezicabangayo ngeminikelo zelulekwa ukuba zenze isinqumo sokunikela, futhi zivumele ochwepheshe bezinqumo ngesikhathi sokufa ukuthi umnikelo ungawamukelwa yini.
Iziphi izingxenye zomzimba womuntu ezinganikelwa emva kokufa ngokufakelwa kabusha?
Izingxenye eziningi zomzimba womuntu zingatshalwe kwabanye abantu ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yabo yokuphila , noma ukuzisiza zisinde.
Unganikela izitho eziyisishiyagalombili ezibalulekile, kuhlanganise nenhliziyo yakho, izinso, ama-pancreas, amaphaphu, isibindi, namathumbu. Unganikeza izicubu ezihlanganisa i-cornea yakho, isikhumba, izinhliziyo zenhliziyo, amathambo, imithwalo yegazi, nezicubu ezixhunyiwe. Ukuguqulwa kwezandla nobuso akuvamile, okwamanje kwenziwa.
Izitho nezicubu zakho zinganikeza amathuba angama-50 okufakelwa kabusha, ngokusho koMnyango WezeMpilo WezeMpilo waseMelika, kuhlanganise nezitho ezibalulekile ezingagcina izimpilo eziyisishiyagalombili ezahlukene. Izibonelo zihlanganisa ukuguqula izicubu eziyingozi . Ngisho noma umbono womuntu ofayo ungaphelele, ama-corneas awo angathuthukisa amehlo abamukeli. Isikhumba seminikelo enempilo singabhanjiswa ukuze kusize isisulu esishisayo. Izinso ezintsha zingavumela umuntu ohlala e- dialysis ejwayelekile ukuthi abe nenkululeko yokuyeka ukuphathwa kwe-dialysis.
Kuthiwani ngomnikelo wonke womzimba?
Olunye uhlobo lomnikelo, kodwa njengesipho esiningi kakhulu, ngumnikelo wonke womzimba. Uma umzimba unikezwa kwisayensi yezokwelapha, inikeza ithuba lokuba odokotela abafundi bafunde nge-anatomy nezifo. Ibuye ivumele abacwaningi ukuba bafunde kabanzi ngezifo, ukuthi baqala kanjani futhi baqhubekele phambili, futhi mhlawumbe ezinye izindlela ukuthi lesi sifo singavinjelwa noma siphulukiswe.
Amanyuvesi wezokwelapha kanye nama-laboratory labs azisa kakhulu iminikelo yemithwalo yabantu. Iningi leminikelo yamukelwa, yize ezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo zingahle zithole umnikelo. Thola ulwazi oluningi mayelana nomnikelo wonke womzimba ngokuxhumana nekolishi yezokwelapha eduze nawe, noma enye yezinhlelo zomhlaba wonke ezamukela imizimba. Izinhlangano ezimbili ezingase ziwusizo yi-Anatomy Gifts Registry neScience Care. Ezikhathini eziningi, ngemuva kokuba umzimba wakho noma izicubu zakho zisetshenziselwe ukucwaninga noma ukuqeqesha, kunesimo sokugcina sokushiswa kanti izinsalela zibuyele emndenini.
Ubani ozothola izitho nezicubu zakho ezinikeziwe?
Izinqumo mayelana nokuthi ngubani ozothola lezo zitho ezinempilo nezicubu ezidingekayo zifanele zibe nenhle futhi zibe nenhloso. E-United States, izitho azikwazi ngokomthetho ukuthengwa noma ukudayiswa, futhi izinqumo mayelana nokuthi ngubani ozonikezwa izitho ezisanda kuvunwa zenziwe ngokususelwa ezingeni labo ezidingayo.
Inhlangano ebizwa i-UNOS (i-United Network for Organ Sharing) yiyona yokubusa jikelele ukuthi lezo zincumo zenziwe kanjani. Bagcina uhlu lwamagama eziguli, izindawo zabo zendawo, nesidingo sabo. Njengoba iziguli zilinde ukugula izigungu ukuba zitholakale, lezo zinhlu zivuselelwa. Kunoma yisiphi isikhathi esithile, ungabheka iwebhusayithi ye-UNOS ukubona ukuthi bangaki abantu e-United States abalinde izitho noma izicubu ezithile.
Kwenzekani ekufeni uma ungumnikeli womzimba?
Uma ushona esibhedlela noma kwenye indawo, isazi sokuthenga izinto sizoxhumana nohlobo lwakho oluseduze ngokushesha, noma ngaphambi kokufa kwakho. Umndeni wakho uzonikezwa ulwazi, imibuzo ebuzwe mayelana nokuthi ungathanda yini ukunikela izitho nama-tissue, noma ngisho nomzimba wakho wonke. Uchwepheshe uzohlola ilayisense yakho yokushayela kanye nokubhalisa kombuso ukuze ubone ukuthi ngabe ukhethe ukuzimisela kwakho ukuba umnikeli.
Umndeni wakho uzoba nesikhathi esifushane kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi amaminithi emva kokufa kwakho, ukunquma ukuthi bafuna yini leyo mnikelo eyenziwe. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza izifiso zakho ziziwe emndenini wakho ngenkathi usuphilile ngokwanele ukuba ube nezingxoxo.
Uzokwazi ukuthola umngcwabo ovulekile uma unesitho, iso, noma umculi wezinsizi. Umzimba wakho uzophathwa ngehlonipho nangesithunzi uma izicubu zivunwa.
Kubiza malini ukunikela ngomzimba wakho noma izitho?
Akukho mali kumnikeli noma kumndeni womnikeli. Umndeni usubophezelekile ukumboza izindleko zemngcwabo. Izindleko zokutshala izihlahla zithathwa iziguli ezidinga izitho noma izicubu.
Ingabe kunemikhawulo yenkolo yeminikelo yombutho?
Izinkolelo ezingokwenkolo azivamile ukuba isizathu sokunqaba umbono wokunikela izitho zomuntu, izicubu, noma umzimba. I-OrganDonor.gov uhlu lwezinkolo nezinkolelo zabo mayelana nokunikela nokufakelwa kabusha. Izinkolo eziningi namasiko zobuKristu, ubuJuda, namaSulumane bavumela iminikelo yomzimba futhi bavame ukukhuthaza. Okuhlukile okuphawulekayo koFakazi BakaJehova, AbaSosayensi AbamaSulumane, nokholo lweShinto.
Ingabe odokotela bazosebenza kanzima ukuze basindise impilo yakho uma beyazi ukuthi ungumnikeli womzimba?
Lokhu kuye kwaba ukwesaba, mhlawumbe okusekelwe kuma-movie amahle noma emicabangweni ecacile, kodwa akulona iqiniso. Empeleni enye yezinganekwane eziningana ezibhekiswe kwiwebhusayithi ye-United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS).
Odokotela nabasebenzi bezokwelapha banomsebenzi wokuqala wokuqinisekisa ukuthi baqhubeka bephila uma nje bekwazi, futhi uma nje umndeni wakho ufuna uqhubeke uphila. Noma yiziphi ezinye izinqumo mayelana neminikelo eyenzekayo uma kungekho ithemba ongagcinwa uphila.
Uba kanjani ilungu noma wonke umnikelo womzimba?
Ungabhalisa njengomhlinzeki womzimba uma uneminyaka engu-18 noma ngaphezulu. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokubhalisa, kungaba ku-intanethi noma ku-umuntu emnyangweni wakho wemoto. Khona-ke kufanele wenze izifiso zakho waziwa emndenini wakho . Ngenkathi usichazela izifiso zakho emndenini wakho, cela ukuba babe izitho noma abaxhasi bomzimba, futhi. Futhi, kufanele uhlakulele amadokhumende ahamba phambili . Ngenkathi usichazela izifiso zakho emndenini wakho, cela ukuba babe izitho noma abaxhasi bomzimba, futhi.
Iningi lamazwe livumela ukuthi ukhethe ukuthi yiziphi izitho noma izicubu ozilungele ukuzinikela noma ukusho ukuthi uzimisele ukunikela noma yini engasetshenziswa. Ungashintsha isimo sakho somnikeli nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kodwa akudingeki uqhubeke uyivuselela. Ukuba ngaphansi kokubhalisa kukahulumeni kuyimvume yomthetho.
> Imithombo:
> Amaqiniso Ngomnikelo Wempilo. Inethiwekhi Yokuhlanganyela Yokwabelana Nge-Organ. https://www.unos.org/donation/facts/.
> Imibuzo yokunikezwa kwe-Organ. UMnyango WezeMpilo wase-US kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu. https://www.organdonor.gov/about/facts-terms/donation-faqs.html.