Ukuphazamiseka kweplatelet kuhlobene nenye yezinhlobo ezintathu zamaseli egazi-amaplatelets, okusiza ukulungisa imithwalo yegazi ewonakele bese uyeka ukuphuma kwegazi. Ama-platelet akhiqizwa emnothweni wethambo kanye namaseli amhlophe egazi, alwela ukulwa nezifo, namaseli abomvu abomvu, athatha i-oxygen kuya kwezicubu.
Iziphazamiso zeplatelet zingafakwa ngezigaba ezimbili ezinkulu: lezo ezihlobene nenamba yamaplatelete (uhla olujwayelekile lwamaplatelet lingamaseli angu-150,000 kuya ku-450,000 amaseli ngayinye nge-microliter) nalabo abahlobene nomsebenzi weplatelet.
I-Thrombocytopenia , eholela enombolweni encane engaphansi-evamile, ingathuthuka uma umnkantsha wezintambo ungakwazi ukukhiqiza inombolo evamile yamaplatelets noma uma amaplatelet ebhujiswa ngemuva kokwenziwa.
I-thrombocytosis , ephumela ekubaleni okuphezulu kunaphezulu-okujwayelekile, ingaba impendulo kwenye inkinga yezokwelapha noma ngenxa yokuthi umnkantso wethambo ukhiqiza amangqamuzana amaningi kakhulu. Ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi weplatelet kuyahlukahluka ngobukhulu futhi kungaba nokubala okuvamile kweplatelet noma i-thrombocytopenia kuye ngokuthi uhlobo.
Izinombolo zeplatelet evamile aziphathelwanga nobudala noma ubulili njengamaseli abomvu noma i-hemoglobin.
Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile ze-Platelet Disorders
- I-thrombocythemia ebaluleke kakhulu yinkinga ye-myeloproliferative lapho umnkantsha wamathambo uveza amapulelet amaningi kakhulu, okwandisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa ama-blood clots.
- I-thrombocytopenia ye-immune iyisifo lapho umzimba wenza ama-antibodies abe ngamaplatelet awo. Umzimba uhlasela ngokungalungile futhi ubhubhise amaplatelets, ngokuvamile okuholela ekutheni i-thrombocytopenia enamandla futhi ngaphandle kokuphuma. Ezinganeni, lokhu ngokuvamile kuyinkqubo yesikhashana, kodwa ngokuvamile kuyimpilo engapheli kubantu abadala.
- Izinkinga ezihlobene ne-MYH9 ziyiqembu lezinkinga zomsebenzi weplatelet . Lezi zinkinga zizuzwa njengefa (zidluliselwe emindenini) futhi zingase zihlotshaniswe nokulahlekelwa kokuzwa kanye / noma ukukhubazeka kwezinso.
- I-neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (i-NAIT) kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa. Kulolu hlobo lwe-thrombocytopenia, kunokungafani phakathi kwamaplatelet womama nalabo abasanda kuzalwa. Ama-antibodies avela kumama abhubhisa amaplatelet wezingane, okungabangela ukuphuma okukhulu.
- I-Thrombocytosis (noma inani eliphakeme leplatelet) lingaba khona ngemva kokusuka kwe-splenectomy (ukususwa kokuhlinzwa kwe-spleen), ukutheleleka kwamuva, noma ukutholakala kwe-anemia yensimbi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i- thrombocytosis esebenzayo noma yesibili. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuvamile futhi kuthuthukisa ukwelashwa kwesizathu esiyinhloko.
- I-thgriyocytic i-megakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (i-CAMT) engavamile, ingavamile, inzalo (okusho ukuthi uzalwa nayo) ukuphazamiseka lapho umnkantsha wamathambo awukwazi ukukhiqiza amaplatelet ngokujwayelekile.
Izimpawu ze-Platelet Disorders
Izimpawu zezinkinga zeplatelet ziyahlukahluka ngokubanzi njengoba kutholakala. Zixhomeke ekubaleni kweplatelet kanye nokusebenza kwamaplatelets.
Ukuphazamiseka nge-thrombocytopenia noma okuhlobene nomsebenzi weplatelet kuvame ukuveza izimpawu ezifana noku:
- I-Nosebleeds
- Ukuphuma kwegum
- Ukuphuma ngokweqile kokuya esikhathini (i- menorrhagia )
- Ukusuka isikhathi eside ngemuva kokulimala noma ukuhlinzwa
Ukuphazamiseka kwe-thrombocytosis kungenzeka kungabi nezimpawu ezicacile. Amazinga aphezulu kakhulu amaplatelet angabangela ukuthuthukiswa kwezindwangu zegazi (thrombi). Izimpawu zihlobene nokuthuthukiswa kwezindwangu zegazi.
- Izinsizwa
- Umbono ushintsho
- Ubuhlungu besifuba
Ukuthola ukuphazamiseka kwe-Platelet
Ukuhlolwa okuvame kakhulu kokuhlolwa kweplatelet kuyinani eliphelele legazi ( CBC ) . Lokhu kuhlola okulula kwegazi kufaka ulwazi mayelana nawo wonke amaseli wegazi, kuhlanganise nesamba seplatelet.
Udokotela wakho angacela ukuthi amaplatelet abuyekezwe ngaphansi kwe-microscope; lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i- blood smear . Lokhu kuzovumela udokotela wakho ukuba anqume ukuthi amaplatelet akho ayinayizi evamile noma cha. Izinkinga ezimbalwa zezinsizakalo zeplatelet ezizuze njengefa ziholela kuma-plateslet amakhulu kunawo wonke, angabonakala e-blood smear. Amanye angase alahleke izingxenye eziyinhloko zamaplatelets, okuthiwa ama-granules.
Iziphazamiso zomsebenzi weplatelet zingase zibe nenombolo evamile yamaplatelets. Lezi ziphazamiso zivame ukusebenza ngokufanayo nezinye izinkinga zokuphuma kwegazi njenge- hemophilia . Izivivinyo zokuhlola, ngokuvamile ezibizwa ngokuthi izifundo zokuqubuzana, (njenge-prothrombin time, noma i-PT, nesikhathi esithile se-thromboplastin, noma i-PTT) zivamile.
Ukubona ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi weplatelet kungadinga ukuhlolwa okukhethekile njengokungena kwegazi, ukuhlolwa kweplatelet, ukuhlolwa kweplatelet aggregation, kanye / noma i-platelet microscopy ye-electron.
Uma kunokukhathazeka ukuthi umnkantsha wakho awusebenzi ngendlela efanele, i- bone marrow biopsy ingadingeka njengengxenye yomsebenzi.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Platelet Disorders
Ukwelashwa kwezinkinga zeplatelet nakho kuhluka futhi kunqunywa ukuxilongwa kwakho okuqondile. Ezinye iziphazamiso zeplatelet zingase zingadingi ukwelashwa okuqondile, kuyilapho abanye bangase badinga kuphela ukwelashwa ngesikhathi sezenzakalo ezinzima njengegazi.
- Ukumpontshelwa kweplatelet kungasetshenziselwa uma unegazi elibi kakhulu. Ukumpontshelwa kweplatelet kungasetshenziselwa ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi weplatelet (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inani leplatelet) kanye nezinkinga eziningi zeplatelet ne-thrombocytopenia.
- I-steroids efana ne-prednisone ingasetshenziselwa ukuphazamiseka kwamaplatelet ahlobene nomzimba, njenge-ITP.
- I-immunoglobulin engathandeki (IVIG) isetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile ezinkingeni zamaplatelet ezihlobene nomzimba, njenge-ITP ne-NAIT.
- U-aspirin unciphisa umsebenzi weplatelets futhi ungasetshenziswa ukuvimbela ama-clots egazi ekufakeni i-thrombocythemia ebalulekile.
- Imithi ye-anti-fibrinolytic imithi esetshenziselwa ukusiza ukuzinzisa ama-clots ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezimanzi ze-mucosa (umlomo, impumulo, isisu, njll.) Le mithi isetshenziswa kakhulu kulezi zimo ze-nosebleeds, i-gum bleeding, ne-menorrhagia. Zingasetshenziswa futhi emva kwezinqubo zokuhlinza ukuvimbela ukuphuma kwegazi.
Kubalulekile ukuxoxa nodokotela wakho ukuthi yini yokwelashwa okungcono kuwe nokuhlolwa kwakho.
Izwi elivela
Ukweqa okuvela ku-distillet disorder kungase kumangele. Ukuqonda imbangela yokuphuma kwegazi kuyokuvumela wena nodokotela wakho ukuba uxoxe ngezinketho ezinhle zokwelashwa. Uma isifo sakho seplatelet sizuze njengefa, lolu lwazi lungakusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi ngabe amanye amalungu omndeni kufanele ahlolwe yini. Zama ukungavumeli ukukhathazeka kwakho kube ngcono kuwe; xoxisana nokukhathazeka kwakho nodokotela wakho. Ngenxa yokuthi bangaba nezimpawu ezifanayo kanye nokwelashwa, abantu abanezinkinga zeplatelet bangaphathwa ngezikhungo zokwelapha ze-hemophilia.
> Umthombo:
> Kaushansky K, Lichtman MA, Prchal J, Levi MM, Cindezela O, Burns L, Caligiuri M. (2016). Williams Hematology (9th ed.) USA. I-McGraw-Hill Education.