Yini Okudingeka Uyazi Nge-Meningitis
Uma uzwe nge-meningitis, futhi ikakhulukazi uma ingane yakho inomkhuhlane ongaqondakali, ungase ukhathazeke. Yini ngempela i-meningitis? Ziyini izimpawu? Utholakala kanjani nokuthi uphathwa kanjani?
Njengoba i-meningitis ingenye yezifo ezesabekayo zobuntwana kubazali abaningi, ukuthatha umzuzwana ukufunda ngezibonakaliso nezifo zalesi sifo kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ukuqonda lezi zimpawu kungakusiza ukuze ungakhathazeki ngokungadingekile.
Iyini i-Meningitis? -Ukucacisa
I-Meningitis yintsholongwane ejwayelekile ebuntwaneni lapho i-microorganism ihlasela khona futhi ibangela ukuvuvukala kwamadoda-izibungu ezungeze ubuchopho. Ihluke ku-encephalitis okuyinto isifo esithinta ngokuyinhloko izicubu ebuchosheni.
Intamo eqinile, ikhanda, nomkhuhlane zivame ukutholakala nge-meningitis, kanti umphimbo obabayo awukho. I-Meningitis, ikakhulukazi i-meningitis ye-bacterial, ayitholakali kangako kunayo eyedlule ngenxa yokugonywa kwezingane njalo ngezimbangela ezivame kakhulu.
Izimpawu Nezimpawu ze-Meningitis
Wonke umuntu uhlukile uma kuziwa ekuyeni kwamadoda, kodwa izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ziyinhlanganisela yekhanda nomkhuhlane. Ezinganeni eziningi, izimpawu ze-meningitis zihamba ngokushesha ngaphakathi kwamahora futhi amaphesenti angama-15 ezingane azi lutho ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa.
Ezinye izingane zingase zibe nokuqala kwezimpawu usuku noma ezimbili ngaphambi kokuba i-meningitis ikhule. Izimpawu ezenzekayo ze-meningitis ezinganeni zingabandakanya:
- Intamo eqinile - Intamo eqinile itholakala ezinganeni eziningi ezinezinkinga ze-meningitis. Uma ingane yakho izwa ikhanda libuyiselwe ngemuva noma likhononda ngobuhlungu lapho uzama ukuphoqa ikhanda lakhe esifuba esifubeni sakhe, kufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelapha. Odokotela bavame ukuvivinya lobu bunzima obunikezwe amagama emithi. "Uphawu lukaKernig" lubhekwa luhle uma lubuhlungu ukudlulisa amadolo nge-hip eguquguqukayo. "Isibonakaliso sikaBrudzinski" sinomqondo omuhle uma i-neckxion ephoqelelwe entanyeni (ukuhambisa ikhanda lomntwana phansi kwesifuba sakhe) kubangela ubuhlungu futhi kwenza ingane iguqule izikhwepha namadolo. Intamo eqinile kwenzeka ngenxa yokuvuvukala kwama-meninges, okwethenjiswe kakhulu uma ikhanda linyanyiswa futhi imilenze isolwe ngqo.
- Ikhanda elibi kakhulu.
- I-Fever - I-fever ingaba ibanga eliphansi (isibonelo, 100.5 F) noma izinga eliphakeme (ngaphezu kuka-104 F) kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwe-meningitis nezinye izici. Izingane ezingamaphesenti angama-75 zinomkhuhlane ngaphezu kuka-100.4 F.)
- I-nausea nokuhlanza.
- Ukuzwela ukukhanya (photophobia.)
- Ukuthukuthela nokuphumula.
- Ukukhathala noma ukuguqulwa.
- Ukuqothulwa - Ukuzizwa kuyisifo esivamile samadoda asezintweni kodwa kungase kube khona ngezifo ezibangelwa igciwane ngaphandle kwemithingitis, njengemigodi yokufiphala .)
- Izinguquko zesimo sengqondo, njengokungathembeki, ukudiliza, ukucabangela, noma ngisho ne-coma. Izinguquko zesimo sengqondo zivamile, zenzeka ezingxenyeni ezingaba ngu-70 zezingane esifundweni esisodwa.
- I-fontanel ekhuphukayo ezinsaneni ezinama-fontanel noma indawo esithambile engakavali okwamanje.
- Ukuqubuka (okungewona i-blanching (ayigufi emhlophe uma ucindezela kuyo) ukuqhuma kungahle kwenzeke nge-meningococcal meningitis.)
- Ukuthukuthela kwakho njengomzali ukuthi into engalungile kakhulu. Ungayinaki intuition yakho njengomzali, njengoba abazali bevame ukubona ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle kakhulu nengane yabo ngisho nangaphambi kokuba abahlinzeki bezokwelapha bakwazi ukwenza kanjalo.
Ngeshwa, ezinye izingane azikho izimpawu zakudala ze-meningitis futhi ngezikhathi ezithile kungaba nzima ukuyihlolisisa.
Ezinganeni, izimpawu zentamo elukhuni kanye nezinsizi azivame ukubonakala, futhi izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa ukukhathazeka, ukudla okuncane nokuphefumula.
Izinhlobo ze-Meningitis
Sivame ukukhuluma nge-meningitis njengokungathi isifo esisodwa, kodwa empeleni kunezinhlobo ezincane ezihlukahlukene ezingabangela i-meningitis, futhi i-meningitis ebangelwa ama-microorganis ahlukene angaba nezimpawu ezihlukile. Ama-viruses, amabhaktheriya, nezifungumane zingabangela i-meningitis, ngezimbangela zegciwane ezivame kakhulu.
Izimbangela ze-Viral Meningitis (Aseptic Meningitis)
Ama-virus anesibopho samacala amathathu kuya kwesine amaningi we-meningitis njengama-bacteria. Igama elithi " aseptic meningitis " ngokuyinhloko i-meningitis elibangelwa enye into ngaphandle kwamabhaktheriya, futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu ukuchaza i-viral meningitis.
Amanye amagciwane angabangela i-meningitis afaka:
- I-enteroviruses (imbangela evame kakhulu) - I-Meningitis ebangelwa ama-enteroviruses evame kakhulu phakathi kukaJuni no-Okthoba. Ama-entryoviruses ama-viruses ahlala ngokujwayelekile emgodleni wokugaya, futhi amaningi awabangeli izifo.
- I-virus ye-Herpes, kuhlanganise negciwane le-inkukhu.
- Imfucuza yegciwane.
- I-Mumps virus.
- Influenza virus.
- Igciwane le-West Nile - Igciwane le- West Nile liyisandulela ngculazi esakazwa yi-bit of umiyane futhi ivame kakhulu phakathi kuka-Agasti no-Okthoba. Ngaphezu kwezibonakaliso ze-meningitis, abantu abanegciwane bavame ukuba nezinhlayiya zokugqwala nokuvuvukala. I-West Nile igciwane manje litholakala emazweni angu-46 kanti cishe ingxenye yesigamu esithuthukisa lesi sifo nayo ibuye ihlakulele i-meningitis noma i-encephalitis.
- I-Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
Izimbangela ze-Bacterial Meningitis
I-meningitis ye-bacterium ayifani kakhulu kune-meningitis egazini kodwa ijwayele ukuba nzima kakhulu ngekhono elikhulu lezinkinga zesikhathi eside. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi i-meningitis ihlukahluka kakhulu ngobudala.
Izinsana (izinyanga ezintathu zokuqala): Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu ze-bacteria meningitis ezinsaneni ezisencane ziyi:
- E. coli
- I-streptococcus yeqembu B
- Listeria monocytogenes
Izingane ezindala nezinsana - Izimbangela ezivame ukwelashwa kwamabhaktheriya ezinganeni ezincane ziye zashintsha kakhulu emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule ngenxa yokugoma. Izinto ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa:
- I-Streptococcus pneumoniae (i-pneumonococcus) - I-Pneumococcus iyimbangela ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ye-bacteria meningitis ezinganeni.
- I-Neisseria meningitides (i-meninogococcus) - I-Meningococcus iyimbangela yesibili evame kakhulu ye-meningitis ezinganeni. I-meningococcal meningitis ingenza izibonakaliso ze-meningitis kanye ne-petechial rash enhle (ukuqhuma ngenxa yemithwalo yegazi ephukile engagcini uma ukucindezelwa kufakwa esikhumbeni.)
- I-Haemophilus influenzae uhlobo B (Hib) - H. I-Flu yimbangela ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ye-meningitis ezinganeni kuze kube ngama-1990, kepha lesi sifo manje sesingavamile ngenxa yokugoma.
Ezinye izimbangela ze-meningitis zihlanganisa isifo se-Lyme, i-syphilis, ehrlichiosis, i-leptospirosis, isifo sofuba nezinye izifo ezithinta izifo ezithinta isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko njenge- cryptococcal meningitis (evame kakhulu ezinganeni ezine-AIDS.)
Ukuxilongwa kwe-Meningitis (Izivivinyo ze-Meningitis)
Ngemuva kokuthatha umlando omfushane nangokwenyama, ukukhishwa kwe-lumbar (ithinta umgogodla) kuyotuswa uma udokotela wakho ekhathazekile nge-meningitis. Le nqubo ingase izwakale iyethusa njengomzali, kodwa iyinkqubo evame kakhulu eyenziwa ezinganeni. Inqubo empeleni ikhululekile kunokuba ibonakale, futhi izimpawu ezimbi kunazo zonke izingane kumele zigcinwe ngenkathi kwenziwa inqubo. Ngesikhwama esine-lumbar, isampula ye- cerebrospinal fluid isusiwe ukuze ihlaziywe ngaphansi kwe-microscope futhi ikhuliswe. Ngezinye izikhathi ukukhishwa kwe-CT kwekhanda kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale ukukhishwa kwe-lumbar ukuze kukhishwe ukucindezela okungekho emthethweni okungabangela izinkinga ngenqubo.
Umswakama ohoxiswa emthonjeni womgogodla ubheke ngaphansi kwe-microscope, okungase ngezinye izikhathi kukhombise ukuthi ukutheleleka kungukuthi i-viral noma ibhaktheriya (ngokusekelwe ekutheni uketshezi oluthe xaxa kanye nokunye) nokuthi hlobo luni lwebhaktheriya lungaba khona. Imvelo yetshezi iyenziwa ukuze ikhule amabhaktheriya ukuze ihlolwe ngokuqondile. Ama-antibiotic amaningi ajwayelekile avame ukuqala ngaphambi kokuba imiphumela yamasiko itholakale, futhi ingashintshwa ibe yimithi elwa namagciwane ehlanganisa uhlobo oluthile lwamabhaktheriya. "Ukuzwela" kuzophinde kuqalwe, okuyizivivinyo ezibonisa ukuthi yimiphi imithi elwa namagciwane esebenza kangcono ngenkinga ethile yebhaktheriya.
Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging, njenge-CT noma i-MRI yekhanda kuyenziwa futhi, ngokuyinhloko ukulawula ezinye izimbangela zezimpawu ze-neurological.
Ukuqhathaniswa Okuhlukile Kwe-Meningitis-Kungenzeka Kanjani?
Kunezinye izifo eziningana kanye nezinqubo ezingaba nezibonakaliso eziqhamukayo nge-meningitis. I-encephalitis ibhekisela ukuvuvukala kobuchopho, kunokuba i-meninges noma i-membrane igqoke ubuchopho nomgogodla. Umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwe-encephalitis kanye ne-meningitis ukuthi i-encephalitis inezimpawu zangasese (ngokusekelwe lapho ubuchopho bukhona khona) nakuba kuningi kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zimo zihlanganiswa ndawonye ngokuthi "meningoencephalitis."
Iphunga lobuchopho ngenxa yokutheleleka lingase libe nezimpawu ezifanayo, nakuba kunesibhamu sebuchopho ngokuvamile kutholakala izimpawu zesifo sezinzwa. I-sinusitis ingabangela ubuhlungu bekhanda nomkhuhlane. Cishe noma iyiphi inqubo yegciwane lengculazi, eqinisweni, ingaholela enhlokweni yekhanda nangomkhuhlane, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho uma unesizathu sokusola ukusola i-meningitis.
Izimo ezingezona ezithathelwanayo nazo ngezinye izikhathi zingabangela ukuhlanganiswa komkhuhlane kanye nekhanda, isibonelo, izicubu zobuchopho.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Meningitis
Ukwelashwa kwe-meningitis kuxhomeke kuhlobo lwezinto eziphilayo ezibangela lesi sifo. Nge-meningitis egazini, umgomo wokwelashwa ngokuyinhloko ukunakekelwa okusekelayo, nge-anti-virus ngokuyinhloko esetshenziselwa izifo ezinjenge-meningitis ezibangelwa igciwane le-inkukhu.
Ukwelashwa kwe-bacterium meningitis ngokuvamile kuqala ngenhlanganisela yama-antibiotic ebanzi abanzi. Ukukhethwa kwama-antibiotic kungashintsha uma kutholakala ukuxilongwa okuqondile kanye "nokuzwela," izivivinyo ezikhomba ukuthi imithi elwa namagciwane ayithinteka kangakanani.
Ezinsukwini zokuqala ezingu-90 zokuphila, i-cephalosporin yesizukulwane sesithathu isetshenziswa kaningi (kuhlangene ne-ampicillin ngenyanga yokuqala.)
Izingane ezindala kanye nezingane zivame ukuphathwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-cefotaxime noma i-ceftriazone ne-vancomycin kuze kube yilapho kutholakala isidalwa esiphutha. Okunye okukhethwa kukho kuyatholakala kuye ngokuthi yiziphi izinto ezicatshangwa ukuthi ziyimbangela kanye nezingane ezingase zibe ne-allergies ezidakamizwa ezivame kakhulu.
I-Meningitis Prophylaxis
Kweminye imithi ye-meningitis, i-antibiotic prophylaxis (ama-antibiotic okuvimbela ukutheleleka) izokhuthazwa oxhumana nabo, njengabomndeni, abangani, nabahlinzeki bezokwelapha okungenzeka bevezwe.
Ukubikezelwa kwe-Meningitis
Umphumela okulindelwe we-meningitis uhlukahluka kuye ngokuthi yi-microorganism ethize ebangela lesi sifo. I-meningitis ye-viral ijwayele ukuhlaselwa okungcono kune-bacterial meningitis. Ukuchazwa kwesifo kuhlobene nokuthi ngokushesha lesi sifo sitholakale kanjani, kanti ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kuholela ekutheni kube ngcono ukubikezela. Ngokuvamile, i-pneumococcal meningitis ine-prognosis eyimpofu kakhulu.
Imiphumela yesikhathi eside ehlobene ne-meningitis ivame kakhulu nge-meningitis ye-bacterial kune-meningitis ye-viral futhi ingafaka ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa, ukukhubazeka kokufunda, ukuhlukunyezwa, neminye imiphumela ye-neurological. Ingozi yokuzwa ukulahlekelwa kusuka kumantombazane kuncike kuhlobo lwe-meningitis. Ucwaningo lwamuva, nokho, luye lwathola ukuthi ukulahlekelwa kwezindlebe ezihlobene ne-meningitis, ezimweni eziningi, kubuyiselwa emuva. Amanye ama-antibiotic angabangela nemiphumela yesikhathi eside njengokulahlekelwa kwezindlebe, kodwa lokhu akuvamile kakhulu kunesikhathi esidlule.
I-Meningitis, ngisho nanamuhla, isalokhu isifo esibi kakhulu. Iningi lezingane lilulameka emzimbeni we-viral, kodwa i-bacterial meningitis iqhubeka ibamba inani labantu abafa ngamaphesenti amahlanu kuya kwangu-15 kuye ngokuthi imvelo.
Ukuvimbela i-Meningitis
Ukuvimbela i-Meningitis kungathatha izinhlobo ezahlukene.
Ezinye izinhlobo ze-meningitis, ngokwesibonelo, i-meningococcal meningitis, zithathelwana kakhulu. Uma ngabe ukhona eduze komuntu otholwe ukuthi unesifo, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuthi uthathe ama-antibiotic evikelayo. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-meningitis, ngenkathi zithathelwana, azivame ukuholela ekutheni i-meningitis kodwa izimpawu ezincane ezingathí sina zegciwane.
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-meningitis ezinganeni zingavinjelwa ngokugoma. Njengoba kuphawuliwe ekuqaleni, i-meningitis ngenxa ye- Hemophilis influenzae yiyona ndlela ejwayelekile kakhulu ye-meningitis ezinganeni kuze kube emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule. Ukugoma manje nomgomo we-HIb kwenza lolu hlobo lwe-meningitis lungavamile.
Thatha isikhashana ukuthi ufunde ngemishanguzo ye-meningitis etholakalayo kubantwana, kuhlanganise ne-Hib, Prevnar, kanye nemigomo ye-meningococcal.
Ungase ufise nokufunda ukuthi ukufa komgomo okuvimbela ukufaka umuthi okubandakanyeka okubandakanya i-meningitis kuye kwehla kusukela esikhathini sokuqala sokugoma kuze kube sesikhathini sethu samanje.
Ngaphansi kwezimpawu ze-Meningitis ezinganeni (noma abadala)
I-Meningitis ngeshwa isifo esivamile kakhulu ezinganeni, nakuba ukugoma okujwayelekile kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi, kanye nomthelela wesikhathi eside waleso sifo. Ngesikhathi samanje, izimbangela zegciwane zivame kakhulu.
Izimpawu zingabonakala ngokushesha, ngezibonakaliso zokungahambi kahle nokudla okungenamsoco ezinsaneni, kanye nekhanda, umkhuhlane, nentamo eqinile ezinganeni ezindala. Ukuxilongwa ngokushesha nokwelapha kunganciphisa ukufa kanye nemiphumela yesikhathi eside yalesi sifo, ngakho-ke noma ngubani okhathazeka ngomsana wakhe kufanele alahlekele eceleni kokuqapha futhi afune ukwelashwa.
Imithi yokwelapha ephumelelayo ingaqaliswa ngokushesha nje lapho kukhishwa i-lumbar (ithempini lomgogodla) noma amanye ama-lab ukuphakamisa ukuthi ukugula kukhona. Ukunquma imbangela eqondile kubalulekile ekwelapheni, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukunganiki ingane yakho umthamo wemithi ekhaya ngaphambi kokufuna usizo njengoba lokhu kungaphazamisa ukunemba kwezivivinyo. Nakuba i-meningitis ivame kakhulu empilweni, ingaba yingozi njengoba umzali. Buza imibuzo futhi uqiniseke ukuthi uyaqonda ukuthi kwenzekani nengane yakho. Izibhedlela eziningi zezingane zinikeza abantu abesekelayo abangakusiza ukuba ubhekane nomzwelo ngenkathi ingane yakho iselashwa.
> Imithombo:
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. Viral Meningitis. Kubuyekezwe 06/15/16. https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/viral.html
> Janowski, A., noJ. Newland. Buka Kufakiwe 0 Lalela Funda Kudivayisi kuphela Kwengeziwe Buka Kufakiwe Of The Phrensy: The Update on Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Bacterial Meningitis in the Population of Pediatric. F1000Usearch . 2017 Jan 27. (Epub ngaphambi kokuphrinta).
> Kliegman, uRobert M., uBonita Stanton, uSt Geme III uJoseph W., uNine Felice. Schor, uRichard E. Behrman, noWaldo E. Nelson. UNelson Bookbook of Pediatrics. I-20th Edition. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2015. Phrinta.
> Lundbo, L., noT. Benfield. Izingozi Zengozi Ye-Bacterial Meningitis Yomphakathi. Izifo ezithathelwanayo (eLondon) . 2017. 49 (6): 433-444.
> Ouchenir, L., Renaud, C., Khan, S. et al. I-Epidemiology, Management, kanye Nemiphumela ye-Bacterial Meningitis ezinsaneni. Izingane zokwelapha . 2017 Jun 9. (Epub ngaphambi kokuphrinta).