Isifo se-Chagas sibonisa ekuqaleni njengokugula okulinganiselwe, okugula okuvame ukufana nomkhuhlane. Uma lesi sifo esiyinkimbinkimbi sesifo siguqula, noma kunjalo, izidumbu ze-T. cruzi zingaphikelela emzimbeni iminyaka eminingi, ngisho nakubantu ababonakala bephilile ngokuphelele. Eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, ngemva kweminyaka emashumi eminyaka, isifo esingapheli se-Chagas singakhula, sikhiqize izinkinga zenhliziyo, izinkinga zamathumbu, noma kokubili.
Izimpawu zesifo se-Chagas zixhomeke ekutheni isimo esibucayi besifo futhi nokuthi umuntu osulelekile usuqala yini ukukhiqiza esinye sezimo eziphelile zesifo. Lesi sifo sibangelwa ukutheleleka nge- protozoan parasite okuthiwa i-Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), ebuye isakaze kubantu ngokulunywa kwe-triatomine bug.
Isifo se-Chagas sivame ukubonakala ezindaweni zasemaphandleni zaseLatin America. Kuleyo ndawo yomhlaba, kuyimbangela enkulu yokufa kwenhliziyo, kanye nokukhubazeka kokubili isifo senhliziyo nesisu.
Izibonakaliso eziPhakathi
Ngemva kokuba umuntu evezwe ku-T. cruzi, bangagula noma kuphi kusukela ngesonto kuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva.
Isifo Esinjengezifo
Iningi labantu abanesimo esibi se-Chagas isinezimpawu noma izimpawu ezincane. Bangakwazi ukuthuthukisa izimpawu ezinjenge-flu ezifana nomkhuhlane kanye ne-myalgia (ubuhlungu besisu).
Nakuba lezi zimpawu zingaqhubeka isikhathi eside nje ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, abantu abaningi abanesifo esibucayi se-Chagas abakaze bafune usizo lwezokwelapha futhi bangalokothi bazi ukuthi baneChagas.
Chagoma
Abanye abantu abanesifo esibucayi se-Chagas bahlakulela indawo yokuvuvukala nokuvuvukala okuqhubekayo esiteshini sokulunywa kwe-triatomine bug, ngokuvamile eseduze kwamehlo noma kwenye indawo ebusweni. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi i-chagoma, futhi uma kubonakala, kuyisici esibalulekile ukuthi isifo se-Chagas kungenzeka sibe khona.
Izinkinga
Ngamanani amancane abantu-angaphansi kwamaphesenti ayisithupha-isigaba esiyingozi se-Chagas isifo singaba yisifo esibi kakhulu. Laba bantu bangase bahlakulele i- myocarditis (ukuvuvukala kwesisu senhliziyo), ukukhishwa kwe-pericardial , i- meningitis , kanye / noma i- encephalitis . Inani lokufa elihlobene nalolu hlobo olubi lwesifo se-Chagas esiyingozi kakhulu.
Izimpawu zesigaba esilandelayo
Uma isigaba esibucayi sesifo se-Chagas siphendula (ngokuvamile kungakapheli amasonto angu-12 okutheleleka kokuqala), abantu abane-T. cruzi bangena esigabeni esingapheli sesifo. Ngaphandle kokuba umuntu onesifo esibucayi se-Chagas sesithole ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo ngemithi ye-antitrypanosomal, i-T. cruzi i-parasite ivame ukuphikelela emzimbeni wokuphila kwesiguli.
Isigaba esingapheli se-Chagas sifo sihlukaniswe ngamafomu amabili: Ifomu elingakapheli, kanye nefomu elinqunyiwe.
Ifomu elingenayo
Cishe wonke umuntu otheleleke nguT. cruzi ongaphathwa ngesikhathi sesisindo sokutheleleka uzofaka ifomu elingapheli lesi sifo iminyaka eminingi-okungenani iminyaka engu-10 kuya kwengu-30. Phakathi nesigaba esingapheli, azikho izimpawu nhlobo. Kodwa-ke, ukutheleleka kuqhubeka, futhi izibungu zikhona egazini.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu abanesifo esingenakulinganiswa sesifo seChagas ababukeka bezizwa benempilo enhle bangakwazi ukudlulisela lesi sifo kwabanye ngenxa yokunikela ngegazi noma iminikelo yomzimba. Futhi, abesifazane abakhulelwe bangadlulisa u-T. cruzi emndenini wabo ngokudluliselwa kwama-transplacental.
Abantu abangaba ngu-70 abangenwe yi-T. cruzi bazohlala kulezi zinhlobo ezingapheliyo zesifo se-Chagas kuzo zonke izimpilo zabo, ngaphandle kokuthuthukisa ezinye izimpawu.
Amafomu Okunquma
Ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-10 noma ngaphezulu yokuphila nesifo esingapheli se-Chagas, amaphesenti angaba ngu-30 abantu abathintekile nguT. cruzi ekugcineni abonise enye "yefomu elinqunyiwe" lesifo.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokunquma kwesifo seChagas: isifo senhliziyo saseChagas kanye nesifo se-Chagas esiswini.
Isifo Sezinhliziyo Ze-Chagas
Isifo senhliziyo saseChagas sinhlobo lokuphefumula kwesifo senhliziyo , lapho inhliziyo ikhulisa khona ukuzama ukubuyisela ubukhulu besisindo senhliziyo. Ekugcineni, ubuthakathaka benhliziyo buholela ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo . Ngenxa yalokho, abantu abanesifo senhliziyo yeChagas bahlangabezana nakho konke okubonakalayo kwalabo abanesifo senhliziyo. Lokhu kufaka:
- Dyspnea (ukuphefumula). I-Dyspnea ivame ukuvela kakhulu ngokuzikhandla, kodwa kungenzeka futhi lapho ilele (i- orthopnea ), lapho iguqa ngaphezulu (i- bendopnea ), noma ingabangela ukuvuka kungazelelwe kokulala okujulile ( paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea ).
- I-Edema . Ukuvuvukala kwemilenze, futhi mhlawumbe kwesisu, kuvame ukuphumela emanzini nasekugcinweni kasawoti okwenzeka ngokuhluleka kwenhliziyo.
- Ubuthakathaka nokukhathala. Ukunciphisa ikhono lokuphambanisa inhliziyo kungabangela ubuthakathaka obukhulu nokukhathala.
- Lightheadedness. I-Lightheadedness ingabangela ukuphuma kwe-cardiac ephansi ngenxa yemisipha yezinhliziyo ezibuthakathaka, noma ku- arrhythmia ye-cardiac .
- Amapulpitations. Ama-arrhythmiya enhliziyo evame ukuhambisana nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo kaningi akhiqiza izimpande.
- I-Syncope . Ukungalahleki kungase kubangelwe ama-arrhythmias ayingozi e-cardiac.
- Isibungu. Ukushaywa yisisu kuhlotshaniswa nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo, ngenxa yokwanda okwenyuka kwegazi.
- Ukufa okungazelelwe. Ukufa okungazelelwe okuvela e- ventricular tachycardia noma i- fibrication ye-ventricular kuvame ukucindezeleka kubantu abanesifo senhliziyo.
Izifo zezinhlungu ze-Chagas
Izifo zomzimba ezibangelwa ukutheleleka okungapheli kwe-T. cruzi akuvamile kakhulu kunezifo zenhliziyo futhi kubangela ukufa kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uhlobo lwesisu lomzimba weChagas lungenza izimpawu ezinzima futhi lungenza impilo yansuku zonke ibe nzima kakhulu. Lezi zimpawu ngokuvamile zihlanganisa:
- I-nausea nokuhlanza
- I-Dysphagia (ubunzima bokugwinya)
- Odynophagia (ukugwinya okubuhlungu)
- Reflux yamathumbu
- Ukuqothula okukhulu
- I-Megacolon ne-megaesophagus. Isifo esiphezulu se-Chagas esiswini singaholela ekuhlanjuleni okukhulu kwe-colon (megacolon) noma i-megaesophagus. Kulezi zimo, izimpawu zokuqothuka noma i-dysphagia zingaba nzima kakhulu ukuba zisongela ukuphila.
Lezi zimpawu zamathumbu ziphazamisa noma ubani, kepha ukuqina kwalezi zimpawu kubantu abane-Chagas isifo singaba nokulingana okumangalisayo futhi kungaba nzima kakhulu ukuphatha. Ifomu lezinyosi zesifo esingapheli se-Chagas singaba nethonya elibi empilweni yomuntu.
> Imithombo:
> Cardoso RN, iMakedoniya FY, Garcia MN, et al. I-Chagas Cardiomyopathy Ihambisana Nezikhukhula Eziphakeme Kokushaya: Ukuhlaziywa Kwe-Meta-Ukuhlaziywa Kwezifundo Zokuqapha. I-J Card Yehluleka 2014; 20: 931.
> Rassi A, Rezende JM, Luquetti AO, et al. Izigaba Zomtholampilo Kanye Nezifo Zezifo Ze-Chagas. Ku: I-Trypanosomiasis yaseMelika (Isifo Se-Chagas): Iminyaka Engamakhulu Eminyaka Yokucwaninga, 1Si Ed, Telleria J, Tibayrenc M (Eds), Elsevier, Burlington, Ma 2010. P.709.
> Sabino EC, Ribeiro AL, Salemi VM, et al. Ukukhubazeka Kwaminyaka Eyishumi Ye-Chagas Cardiomyopathy Phakathi kwe-Asymptomatic Trypanosoma Cruzi-YaseSeopositive Blood Donors. Ukujikeleza 2013; 127: 1105.