Nakuba i-pertussis noma ukukhwehlela okukhwehlelayo ingavinjelwa ngomgomo wokugoma, isalokhu inkinga enkulu e-United States nasezweni lonke. Ngokungafani nezinye izifo eziningi ezivimbela ukugonywa, ukuzivikelwa komuthi wokugoma ku-pertussis kuyaphela, ngakho-ke intsha kanye nabantu abadala baye basengozini yokuthola ukukhwehlela okukhwehlela, nakuba babephethe isibhamu njengengane.
Intsha nabantu abadala manje bathola umgomo omusha we-Tdap okhuthaza ukuzivikela kwabo ngokumelene nokukhwehlela okukhwehlela, ngakho-ke izinga lokutheleleka lizokwehla ngokushesha.
Izimpawu ezikhukhumezayo
Lapho abazali becabanga ngokukhwehlela, bavame ukucabanga ngomntwana ophethe ukukhwehlela okulandelwa yizwi 'lokuphikisana'. Nakuba lokho kuyisici noma umsindo we-classic wokuthi izingane ezinomkhuhlane okhwehlelayo, khumbula ukuthi akuzona zonke izingane ezizokwazi ukuzenza. Esikhundleni salokho, ezinye izingane zivele zikhwehlela, ezinye zikhwehlela baze zihlanza (i-post-tussive emesis), kanti abanye banomkhuhlane ongapheli .
Ukukhwehlela okuvuthayo kuvame ukuqala ngesiteleka se-catarrhal kodwa, cishe ngezinsuku ezingu-6 kuya kwezingu-20 ngemuva kokuvezwa komunye umuntu okhwehlela ( isikhathi sokukhulelwa ), enezimpawu ezifana ne-viral infirmatory upper infiratory infiratory infiratory, okubandakanya izinga eliphansi lokuphefumula, impumu egijima, kanye ukukhwehlela. Kulolu sigaba, okuyinto evame ukugcina amasonto angu-1 kuya kwangu-2, ukuthi umuntu unomthelela omkhulu kwabanye.
Lesi sifo singase sibi kakhulu ngesikhathi esilandelayo se- paroxysmal , esinezinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezingu-4, nezingane zithola izinhlamvu ezimbi noma izidakamizwa zokukhwehlela, okungase kulandelwe isisu nokuhlanza. Lezi zinhloli zingabangela izici ezifana nokukhala noma ukudla.
Lezi zinhlamvu ezikhwehlelayo zithuthuka kancane kancane futhi zingaphansi kwesigaba sokugcina se- convalescent , okugcina amanye amasonto angu-1 kuya kwangu-2.
Konke, izimpawu zingase zihlale amasonto amathathu kuya kwangu-10.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-Cough Whooping
Nakuba ukuxilongwa kokuqala kwe-pertussis kuvame ukusekelwe ezimpawu zomzimba, ukuhlolwa kuyatholakala. Kuhlanganisa isiko semfihlo yamanzi; Kodwa-ke, kungathatha izinsuku ezingu-10 kuya kwezingu-14 ukuthola imiphumela, ngemuva kwalokho ingane yakho ikwazi ukudlulisela ukutheleleka kwabanye abantu abaningi.
Isivivinyo esisheshayo, okungenzeka singabi ncamashi, i-DFA (iqondisa ukuhlolwa kwe-immunofluorescent) yemfihlo yomzimba. Nakuba odokotela bezingane ngeke bakwazi ukwenza lokhu kuhlolwa ehhovisi labo, kungenziwa yilebhu yendawo, umnyango wezempilo wendawo, noma ungathunyelwa kwenye indawo ngesikhulu sakho sezingane.
Ukuhlolwa okungeziwe, ukuhlolwa kwe- polymerase chain reaction (PCR), kuyashesha futhi kunembile kunokunye ukuhlolwa kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi akutholakali okwamanje.
Ukuhlinzeka Ukwelashwa Kwesikhumba
Nakuba izingane zingakwazi ukululama kusuka e-pertussis ngaphandle kwama-antibiotics, ukwelashwa, ikakhulukazi uma kuqale ekuqaleni kwesikhungo sesifo sokubeletha, kungabasiza ukuba bazuze kangcono futhi bangabi nomthelela kancane kwabanye. U-Erythromycin uvame ukulwa nomuthi wokukhetha ukukhwehlela ukukhwehlela futhi ngokuvamile uthathwa izinsuku ezingu-14. Ezinye izindlela zingabandakanya i-Clarithromycin (i-Biaxin) izinsuku ezingu-7, i-azithromycin (i-Zithromax) izinsuku ezingu-5, ne-Bactrim izinsuku ezingu-14.
Ngenkathi izingane eziningi zingafanele zibe nezinkinga ezibalulwe ngenhla futhi zingaphathwa ngokuphepha ekhaya, izinsana ezincane, ikakhulukazi labo abazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, zingadinga ukungena esibhedlela.
Izingane ezine-pertussis zivame ukukhishwa esikoleni noma ekunakekelwa kwezinsuku kuze kube yilapho sezibekwe ngama-antibiotic okungenani izinsuku ezingu-5.
Okudingayo Ukuze Ukwazi Ngokukhwabanisa
- Ukukhwehlela okukhwehlelayo kubangelwa amagciwane aseBordetella pertussis .
- Imishanguzo evikela izingane ekukhwehleleni okufaka ukukhwehlela ihlanganisa umgomo wokuvikela i-DTaP owanikezwa izingane ezincane kanye ne- Tdap booster enikezwa izingane ezindala, intsha, nabantu abadala.
- Ama-bacterium ase-pertussis aphethwe kakhulu futhi angadluliselwa kubantu abathintekayo ngokusebenzisa imicibisholo yokuphefumula, ngakho ugweme ukuphefumula lezi zimfihlo (kunxusa intsha ukuthi imboze imilomo yabo lapho ikhwehlela), ukugcina izinsana nezinsana zingabikho ukukhwehlela kwentsha kanye nabantu abadala, futhi ukugeza izandla ngokuvamile futhi kusiza ukuvimbela abanye ukuthi bangaguli.
- Ezinganeni ezithintana kakhulu nomuntu onesifo se-pertussis, i-prophylactic noma yokuvimbela okuyi-erythromycin, i-azithromycin, noma i-clarithromycin ingasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuthi bangaguli futhi empeleni banconywa kubo bonke oxhumana nabo abaseduze ababandakanya amalungu omndeni nabangane kwesikhashana noma esikoleni. Ukuvimbela ama-antibiotic kunconywa ngisho nangabe ingane inake yonke imithi yakhe futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ingakanani ubudala.
- Izinsana nezinsana ezincane ezikhwehlelayo zingaba ne-apnea noma izinkathi lapho ziyeka ukuphefumula.
- Ukuxilongwa kokukhwehlela ukukhwehlela kuvame ukushiywa indiva kubantu abadala ngoba bangase babe nokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo esikhundleni sezimpawu ezinzima.
Imithombo
> Lebel MH - I-Pediatr Infect Dis J - 01-Dec-2001; 20 (12): 1149-54. Ukusebenza nokuphepha kwe-clarithromycin ku-erythromycin yokwelashwa kwe-pertussis: ukuhlolwa okuzokwenzeka, okungahleliwe, > okungaboni kahle >.
> I-Gershon: Izifo Zokuhlukunyezwa Zasezingane zikaKrugman's, 11th ed.
> Martinez, SM, Kemper, CA, Haiduven, D, et al. I-Azithromycin prophylaxis ngesikhatsi > esibhedlela jikelele> ukuqubuka kokugula okufana ne-pertussis. I-Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2001; 22: 781.
> Kunconywa ama Agciwane okulwa namagciwane we-Treatment and Postexposure Prophylaxis wePertussis. Imihlahlandlela ye-CDC ka-2005. I-MMWR. Disemba 9, > 2005 > / 54 (RR14); 1-16.