Iyini i-PCR Analysis?
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) yindlela yokwelapha eyenzelwe ukukhomba amanani amancane e-DNA kwisampula ngenqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi ukukhuliswa . Phakathi nokuphakanyiswa kwe-PCR, i-DNA yenzalo ikopishwa ngokuphindaphindiwe kuze kube yilapho isanele ukuhlaziywa nokuthola. Isibonelo, i-PCR ingasetshenziselwa ukubona amanani amancane we-DNA eziphilayo ezidala i- gonorrhea noma i- chlamydia ekhona kwisampula yomchamo .
I-PCR isebenza kanjani?
Isinyathelo sokuqala ku-PCR ukushisa isampula ukuze i-DNA ephindwe kabili ihlukaniswe zibe ngamacu amabili angashadile - lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i- denaturation . Bese kuthiwa , ama-sampuli amancane e-DNA afana naso ekugcineni kwe-DNA ngokulandelana kwezintshisekelo, ahlanganiswe ne-DNA yesampula. Emva kwalokhu, i-DNA polymerase isetshenziselwa ukuqala ukuphindaphinda kwe-DNA endaweni yokuqala. Okokugcina, i-DNA iyashisa ukuhlukanisa izinsimbi futhi, futhi yonke inqubo ye-PCR iqala futhi.
Ingxenye ye-DNA ingxenye yesithakazelo ekhona ekukhuphukeni kwesampula ngokwemvelo ngomjikelezo ngamunye we-PCR: ikhophi eyodwa iba yimibili, bese iba ezine, ibe yi-eight, njll; ngakho-ke, kudingwa imijikelezo engu-20 kuya kwengu-40 kuphela ukuze kutholakale ukuthi i-DNA enombuzo ikhona yini (futhi, uma kunjalo, ukunikeza isampula eyanele yokuhlaziywa).
Zonke izinyathelo ze-polymerase chain reaction - ukubonisa i-DNA, ukusebenzisa i-DNA, nokwehlisa i-DNA - kwenzeke emazingeni okushisa ahlukene, ngakho-ke emva kokuhlanganiswa kokuqala, izinyathelo zingalawulwa ngenqubo eyaziwa njenge- thermocycling , lapho izinga lokushisa liqhutshwa kumazinga adingekayo nje nje isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuze isinyathelo ngasinye senzeke.
Ngakho-ke, i-PCR yindlela ephumelelayo yokukhulisa inani le-target DNA ku-tube eyodwa yokuhlola ene isidingo esincane sokungenelela kwabantu.
I-Polymerase chain reaction yasho ukuguqulwa kwezindlela zezinto eziphilayo lapho iqala ukuqala ekuqaleni kwawo-1980, futhi umdali we-PCR, uKary Mullis, wanqoba iNobel Prize eKhemistry ngomsebenzi wakhe ngo-1993.
Kungani i-PCR ehambisana nokuhlolwa kwe-STD?
I-Polymerase chain reaction, kanye namasu ahlobene afana ne- ligase chain reaction , zibonisa ukuthi zibaluleke kakhulu ekuhlolweni kwe-STD. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lezi zindlela zingakwazi ukukhomba ngqo amanani amancane we-DNA noma i-RNA egazini emaqenjini. Ukubona ikhodi yezofuzo ze-pathogen akudingi ukuthi i-pathogen iphile - njengesiko se- bacterium noma isiko segciwane . Akudingi ukuthi ukutheleleka kwenzeke isikhathi eside esanele esidlule ukuze abantu bahlakulele ukusabela kwe-antibody (etholakala yi- ELISA .) Lokhu kusho ukuthi amasu e-PCR angakwazi ukubona ngezikhathi ezithile izifo ngaphambi kokunye ukuhlolwa, futhi ngaphandle isidingo esikhulu sokukhathazeka ngokugcina amasampula ephila noma ehlolwa ngesikhathi esifanele.