Iqiniso Namaqiniso Uma Ifika Emagcekeni E-STD
Izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi zingabangelwa yizinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zegciwane, amabhaktheriya, kanye nama-parasites futhi zingadluliselwa ngezenzo zokuziphatha ngokobulili ezifana nobulili obungavimbelwe, ubulili kanye / noma ngomlomo.
I-United States inezinga eliphezulu kunazo zonke zezifo ezithathelwana ngokocansi (ISDDs) zaso sonke isizwe esithuthukile esinezigidi ezingama-19 eziMelika ezithola i-STD unyaka ngamunye. Izibalo zibikezela ukuthi oyedwa kulaba ababili baseMelika uzobamba okungenani isifo esisodwa esithathelwana ngocansi ngesikhathi sokuphila.
Imfundo efanele yezocansi nokukwazi kahle izingozi ze- STD ingasiza ekuvimbeleni ezinye zalezi zifo. Nakuba kukhona ulwazi oluningi olunembile lwe-STD olutholakalayo, kukhona ngeshwa iningi lezinganekwane. Eqinisweni, abantu abaningi bayamangala lapho bezwa ukuthi ezinye zezinto ababezikholelwa ngama-STD kuyiqiniso. Zingaki zalezi zindaba ozizwile, futhi yikuphi iqiniso kunalokho?
Inkolelo # 1: Awukwazi ukuthola izifo ezithathelwana ngokocansi Kusukela othintana ne-Skin-to-Skin
Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi uma nje ungahlanganyeli ucansi, awukwazi ukubamba i-STD. Lokhu akunjalo nje.
Ezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi, njengezinyosi zokushicilela (ama-crabs) kanye nama-scabi zingadluliselwa kalula kusuka kumlingani ukuya kumlingani kuphela ngokusebenzisa othintana isikhumba nesikhumba.
Amanye ama-STD angadluliselwa ngokuxhumana kocansi ngisho nangaphandle kobulili.
Ukuze uzivikele kangcono, kubalulekile ukuqonda izindlela ezahlukene ukuthi ama-STD angadluliselwa.
Inganekwane # 2: Iphilisi Lokulawula Ukuzalwa Linikeza Ukuvikelwa Kwe-STD
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuvikela ukukhulelwa nokuvikela isifo socansi akuyona into efanayo.
Izindlela zokubeletha eziningi ze- hormonal zingasebenza kakhulu ekunciphiseni amathuba okukhulelwa, kodwa lezi zindlela zokulawula ukubeletha azivimbeli izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi. Ngenxa yokuthi iphilisi ayigodli ukwabelana kwamanzi omzimba ngesikhathi socansi, ayinikeli noma yikuphi ukuvikelwa kwe-STD .
Inganekwane # 3: Ingozi enkulu kunazo zonke zesifo se-STD ivela kumlonyeni womlomo
Nakuba intsha eningi ingaqapheli ukuthi izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi zingabanjwa ngesikhathi sezocansi zomlomo, i-CDC kanye nabaqeqeshi abaningi bezempilo bacabanga ukuthi ucansi olungalondekile lube nesifo se-STD esiphezulu.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izicubu ezungeze i-anus ziyizinyosi ezincane nezinyembezi ezincane (okuthiwa i-fissures) evame ukuvela ngemva kokulala ngokobulili noma ngemuva kokusebenzisa amathoyizi ezocansi abekwe ku-anus.
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ama-STD ngesikhathi socansi oludalwa ngokusebenzisa amakhondomu . Ungase futhi ufune ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amathoyizi wakho wezocansi ahlanzekile futhi akabiwe nabanye.
Lokho kusho ukuthi ubulili ngomlomo lungabangela ngokucacile ama-STD futhi kube yindlela yokudluliselwa kwezifo ezinjenge-HIV, herpes, HPV, gonorrhea, syphilis, nokuningi. Uma ufuna ukuzivikela kuma-STD ngesikhathi socansi ngomlomo, amadamu wamazinyo angasetshenziswa njengendlela yokuvimbela.
Inganekwane # 4: Ama-STD Ekugcineni Abaya Ekugcineni Kwabo
Ngeshwa, inkolelo yokuthi ama-STD azohamba ngaphandle kokwelashwa kucatshangwa ukuthi unomthwalo wemfanelo wokuhlukunyezwa okungapheli kwamagciwane kanye nokungabi nabantwana kwabesifazane abaningi. Ngesikhathi lezi zimo zitholwa, umonakalo (ngenxa yesifo esingazange sathinteke ezimweni eziningi) usuvele usuyenziwe.
I-Chlamydia yisifo esivame ukubhekwa ngocansi, esilandelwa yi- gonorrhea , bese i- syphilis . Kusukela ngo-2001, ama-chlamydia amazinga ayelokhu ekhula njalo ngonyaka.
Ama-STD afana ne-chlamydia, i-gonorrhea kanye ne-syphilis abangelwa amabhaktheriya, ngakho-ke adinga ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic ukuze akhululeke.
Ngokuvamile, abesifazane abanezifo ezidluliselwa ngocansi ngeke babe nezimpawu, ngakho-ke bangase bangazi ukuthi banesifo. Yingakho ukuhlolwa kwe-STD kubaluleke kakhulu.
Nakuba ama-STD angama-bacteria angaphathwa kalula ngama-antibiotic, angabangela izinkinga zesikhathi eside ezifana nesifo sofuba sokuvuvukala nesifo sokubeletha uma sishiywa singaphathwa. Ama-STD amaningi angelashwa nawo angaholela ezinkingeni zokukhulelwa.
Inganekwane # 5: Amakhondomu Amabili Angcono Kunomunye Wokunciphisa Ingozi Ye-STD
Ngokusobala, omunye angase acabange ukuthi ukusebenzisa amakhondomu amabili kuzohlinzeka ukuvikeleka okungcono kwe-STD kunoyedwa kodwa, empeleni, akunjalo.
Odokotela kanye nabakhiqizi bekhondomu bacebisa ukuthi ukungqubuzana okungadingekile kungabangelwa phakathi kwamakhondomu amabili ngesikhathi somsebenzi wezocansi futhi lokhu kwandisa amathuba okuba omunye noma womabili amakhondomu ahlukane-akushiye engozini ephezulu kokubili ukubhekana nesifo socansi nokukhulelwa.
Lokhu kuyisimo sokusetshenziswa kwamakhondomu amabili abesilisa noma ukusebenzisa kokubili ikhondomu yesilisa nowesifazane . Ngezansi: "amakhondomu aphindwe kabili" ayikho cha.
Inganekwane # 6: Ungakwazi Ukwelapha I-Herpes Yodwa Uma Umngane Wakho Engenayo Isiqhumane
I-herpes ye-genital iyisifo esivamile, esivamile, esithathelwana ngocansi esivela izilonda emlonyeni noma ngokobulili futhi singadluliselwa ngisho noma kungabikho ukuqubuka.
Ngezikhathi ezingasebenzi (lapho kungekho zilonda ezikhona), igciwane alikwazi ukudluliselwa komunye umuntu. Noma kunjalo lokhu kungaba yinkimbinkimbi kusukela i-herpes virus, ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene (engaziwa kumuntu osuleleke kuyo,) iqala ukuphindaphinda ngaphandle kokubangela izimpawu noma izilonda (lokhu kubhekwa njengokuchithwa okungajwayelekile .)
Phakathi nalokhu kuchitha noma lapho izilonda ezivulekile zikhona, igciwane lingakwazi ukuthelela abanye abantu nganoma yiluphi uhlobo loxhumana naye ocansini noma ukumanga. Njengamanje, ayikho ikhambi ye-herpes, nakuba imithi ingasetshenziselwa ukunciphisa izimpawu noma ukunciphisa inani lokugqashuka.
Inganekwane # 7: Amadoda angama-Heterosexual Awakwazi ukutheleleka nge-HIV
Noma yimuphi umuntu angakwazi ukubamba i- HIV uma ehlanganyela ekuziphatheni okungavumelekile ngokobulili nomlingani othelelekile ukuthi ngabe owesilisa noma owesifazane.
I-HlV ayikubandlululi ngokusekelwe ekuhloleni kobulili. Abesilisa nabesifazane abalungile bangakwazi ukuthengisa i-HIV.
Abesifazane (noma labo abahlanganyela ocansi) bangase babe engozini enkulu yokutheleleka nge-HIV noma ezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi ngoba umlomo wesibeletho (noma i-anus) usengozini enkulu kwezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izicubu zesisu noma izicubu ezindala zingase ziphule ngesikhathi somsebenzi wezocansi okwenza kube lula ngama-STD we-HIV ukungena egazini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba nomunye uhlobo lwe-STD kungandisa amathuba okuthola i-HIV .
Inganekwane # 8: Uma Ulala Ngesibhedlela noma Esihlahleni Esimnandi, i-Chlorine izobulala noma yimaphi ama-STD
Umqondo wezinganekwane mayelana nobulili nokukhulelwa ngaphansi kwamanzi ngamachibi noma amashubhu ashisayo ukuthi uma uhlanganyela ocansini emanzini achithwa ngamakhemikhali, amakhemikhali ayobulala umuthi.
Nakuba i-chlorine ingaba njenge- spermicide , ukuphumelela kwayo kuxhomeke ekutheni i-chlorinated kakhulu kangakanani amanzi. Ngisho noma kunezakhi eziningi ze-chlorine, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthi i-chlorine ayengeke ifike ngokujulile ngokwanele ngaphakathi kwesifazane wesifazane ukuze ibulale isilwane esibekiwe kuso.
Amanzi aqukethe i-chlorine noma namanzi ashisayo (njengama-tubs ashisayo) awavimbeli ukudluliselwa kwama-STD. Eqinisweni, ingozi yokutheleleka noma ukucasuka ingase ibe mkhulu uma amanzi aqukethe usawoti, i-chlorine, noma amabhaktheriya njengoba lokhu kungaphoqelelwa ngaphakathi kwesifazane ngokunyakaza okugxilisayo ngesikhathi socansi ngaphansi kwamanzi .
Ukuba nobulili emanzini nakho kungandisa amathuba okuba owesifazane ahlaselwe ukutheleleka kwamagciwane kanye / noma ukutheleleka kwemvubelo. Amakhondomu amantombazane ayindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuvimbela ama-STD ngenkathi enza ucansi emanzini kodwa aphumelelanga amaphesenti ayikhulu.
Amakhondomu omuntu angasebenza kodwa angase kube nzima ukusebenzisa kahle amanzi. Uma uthembela kumakhondomu wabesilisa, kungcono ukuthi ubeke ikhondomu ngenkathi uphume emanzini futhi uhlolisise kabili ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi uhlala ngesikhathi socansi ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Inganekwane # 9: Uma unesifo se-STD, awunakho okuncane kakhulu kumvumelwano
Ngokungafani nezinye izifo, isibonelo, isifo sezinkukhu, esinegciwane lesandulela ngculazi asiyinciphisi amathuba okubamba omunye.
Eqinisweni, umuntu onesifo esisodwa se-STD empeleni uyakwazi ukuthola enye. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kulula ukuthola izinhlobo ezincane zezifo ezibangelwa isifo ukuthelela isikhumba esivela siguqukile, siphundukile, sishaywe noma sicasuliwe. Kubuye futhi ngaphandle kokuthi imikhuba yokuphila eholela e-STD eyodwa ingaholela kwenye.
Inganekwane # 10: Uma Ungenayo ikhondomu, Sebenzisa ukugoqa ngePlastiki
Ukusetshenziswa kwesigxobo sepulasitiki esikhundleni sekhondomu kuyinkolelo enkulu, abantu abaningi kakhulu bakholelwa ukuthi ukugoqa ngeplastiki (baggies noma amabhaluni) kungavimbela izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi uma zingekho amakhondomu azungezile.
Lezizinto zasendlini azihambisani kahle, ngakho-ke zingakwazi ukuphuma kalula phakathi kocansi. Njengoba ingenzelwe ukumelana nokuhlukunyezwa komsebenzi wezocansi, ukugoqa ngepulasitiki nakho kungabanjwa kalula.
Amakhondomu ahlinzekwa ngokuqondile ukuze anikele kahle (njengoba kunezinhlobo eziningi namasayizi amakhondomu ngenxa yalesi sizathu) futhi ahlolwe kahle ukuze asebenze kahle.
Ngakho-ke, uma ungasebenzisi i- latex , i- polyisoprene (i-SKYN engekho i-latex condoms) noma ikhondomu ye-polyurethane , ungase ukwandise ingozi yakho ye-STD. Ngaphandle kokugqoka epulasitiki, khumbula ukuthi ama- condoms emvelo (i-lambskin) nawo awakwazi ukuvikela izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi. Lezi zinhlobo zamakhondomu zinama-pores amancane angavumela ama-STD ukuba aphumelele. Khumbula ukuthi iningi lezinto eziphilayo ezenza izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi zincane kakhulu kunesidoda.
Ngaphansi kwezinganekwane mayelana nezifo zobulili
Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, kukhona inqwaba yezinganekwane mayelana nobungozi bokuthola ama-STD. Lokhu kuqondene nokuthi lezi zifo zivame kakhulu futhi zingabangela izinkinga zesikhathi eside ezivela ekungeneni kwesimo sokukhulelwa kuya ekucindezelekeni kokukhulelwa. Uma ukhathazekile ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ubhekene ne-STD, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa kwe-STD , ukhumbula ukuthi ngisho noma ungenayo izimpawu, ezinye zezifo zingabangela izinkinga zesikhathi eside.
> Imithombo:
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. Ama-STD kanye ne-HIV - i-CDC Fact Sheet. Kubuyekezwe 11/17/15. https://www.cdc.gov/std/hiv/stdfact-std-hiv-detailed.htm
> Cunningham, F. Gary., NoJohn Whitridge Williams. Williams Obstetrics. ENew York: McGraw-Hill Medical Medical, 2014. Phrinta.
> Unemo, M., Bradshaw, C., Hocking, J. et al. Izifo Ezithathelwana Ngocansi: Izinselele Ezizayo. Izifo ezithathelwanayo zeLancet . 2017. 17 (8): e235-e279.