Umuthi wokugoma ongaqediwe yilowo osebenzisa igciwane elifile noma elibulawe noma amabhaktheriya ukusiza umzimba wakho ukuba uhlakulele impendulo yomzimba.
Umuthi wokugoma ongawuvimbeli awukwazi ukubangela isifo esithile (isib. Isifo sofuba kanye nabanye ngezansi) ukuthi kuhloswe ukuvimbela - enye yezinganekwane ezivamile ezivame ukuvimbela abantu ukuba bangenwe umuthi wokugoma.
Ezinye izigciwane ezingasebenzi (isib. I-polio kanye ne-pertussis) zidinga amanani amaningi kanye nezikhathi zokuvuselela ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kuvikelwe ukuqhubeka.
I-Vaccines engasebenziyo yenziwe kanjani?
Ososayensi basebenzisa ukushisa, amakhemikhali noma ama-radiation ukuze babulale amagciwane aphilayo, aphethwe yisifo noma igciwane. Ingxenye uma amabhaktheriya noma igciwane libuye linikezwe isiguli ukuze umzimba wakho uhlakulele impendulo yomzimba. Ngenxa yalokho, umzimba unokuvikeleka kwemvelo okwakhiwe uma kwenzeka uhlangana namabhaktheriya noma igciwane ngokwemvelo.
Impendulo yegciwane lengculaza ibuthakathaka kunomthelela owenziwe ngumuthi wokugoma ophilayo noma ukuthola ukutheleleka kwangempela. Ngenxa yalokho, imishanguzo engavumelekile ngokuvamile idinga ukulinganisa okungaphezulu kunemigomo ephilayo. Njengoba kunikezwa ukuthi abantu abathandi ukudubula futhi leli qhinga kudinga ukuvakashelwa odokotela abaningi, akumangazi ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi sinenkinga yokuthobela umgomo lapho kutholakala imishanguzo eminingi.
Yiziphi Ezinye Izinzuzo Zemijovo Engagciniwe?
Ngokuvamile, ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukuze umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo abhekane. Iningi alidingi isiqandisini noma izimfuneko zokuthutha ezikhethekile.
Unomphelo ohlala isikhathi eside ehhovisi lakho odokotela futhi uzinzile.
Imithi Yokugoma Engavumelekile
Izibonelo zemishanguzo engavumelekile zifaka:
- Umgomo wokugoma
- I-Pertussis Vaccine
- Umgomo wePolio
Kuthiwani Ngamanye Amagciwane?
Imishanguzo ebukhoma ivame ukubhekwa ngumhlinzeki wakho wezempilo njengamagciwane "aphilayo, attenuated".
Lokhu kusho ukuthi kukhona igciwane elibuthakathaka, eliphilayo elisetshenziselwa ukwakha impendulo yomzimba. Lokhu kubhekwa njengento esiseduze kakhulu ekutholeni lesi sifo futhi ekuthuthukiseni igciwane lesandulela ngculazi ngaphandle kokuthola ingxenye yokugula. Inzuzo yalokhu ukuthi ngokuvamile udinga ukulinganiselwa okuncane komuthi wokugoma ukuthuthukisa ingculazi.
Ukwenza izimpendulo zokuzivikela ngomzimba ososayensi bathatha ingxenye ebuthakathaka yegciwane noma amabhaktheriya. Umqondo wukuthi izingcezu / izingxenye zenza ukuphendula komzimba kuwe, kodwa hhayi isifo. Ngenxa yokuthi lo mgomo uhlala, unamandla okuguqula nokushintsha okukhona. Yingakho kukhona ingozi encane yokuthuthukisa isifo okugonywe ngakho futhi asilawuli lezi zigciwane kumagciwane anesisindo sokuvikela amagciwane.
Noma kunjalo, kunezinsizakalo ezithile nezinyathelo zokuqapha. Ngoba igciwane liyaphila kunezidingo ezikhethekile zokuthumela kanye nokugcina. Nakuba kungeyona inkinga enkulu e-US, idala izinkinga zokugoma ezindaweni ezingenamsoco. Ukwengeza, lezi zidingo zikhulisa izindleko (hhayi nje kuphela komuthi wokugoma kodwa nezindleko zabasebenzi kanye nezisebenzi) zokuphatha le migomo futhi ngokuvamile banomphefumulo omfushane wokubeka amashefu. lokhu kusho ukuthi udokotela wakho angeke abe nalo mgomo njalo uma engenayo inzwa okuhle ngesidingo.
Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zigciwane eziphilayo zegciwane ziyasungulwa nge-vectors. Lokhu kungacatshangwa ngokuthi "ihhashi leThrojani." Kule hlobo lokugoma, igciwane lesandulela ngculazi, eliphikisiwe, lisetshenziselwa ukwethula ucezu lwe-DNA emzimbeni futhi uthuthukise impendulo yomzimba. Kulesi simo, igciwane eliphilayo noma amabhaktheriya yihhashi le-trojan eliphethe i-DNA emzimbeni.
Imithombo:
I-National Institute ofergy and Infectious Diseases. Kufinyelelwe ngoJanuwari 23, 2016. Izinhlobo zemijovo