Abantu abaningi banezikhonkwane eziqanjiwe, ezihlanjululwayo nezinhlamvu zeminwe kanti amaphesenti angama-50 alezi zipikili ezingavamile zibangelwa ukutheleleka kwefayalini kwebheyili, i-matrix noma i-nail plate. Isidalwa esiyingozi esithweswe izifo eziningi ze-nail yi- Trichophyton rubr u m . Imithi yokwelapha yaloluhlobo lwe-fungal infection is onychomycosis noma i-tinea unguium.
Okubukeka Kanjani
Kunezinhlobo ezine ezahlukene ze-onychomycosis futhi zihlukaniswa yingxenye yepikili ehilelekile. Ukutheleleka okuvame kakhulu kuhilela ekupheleni kwesipikili-lapho isikhunta sihlasela i- hyponychium .
Ekuqaleni, ipulangwe le-nail lihlukanisa embhedeni we-nail, inqubo ebizwa nge-onychomycosis. Khona-ke, ukuphela kwesipikili kuphenduka imfucumfucu ephuzi noma emhlophe nekeratin iqala ngaphansi kwesipikili, okwenza kube nokuhlukana okuqhubekayo. I-fungus ikhula manje esikhwameni esibangela ukuthi ibe yinkimbinkimbi futhi iqhume.
Izingozi Zezingozi
Lokhu okulandelayo yizimo ezikhuthaza ukutheleleka kwe-fungal noma ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwefungi.
- Izicathulo ezinamandla zikhuthaza ukuqhuma kwezinzwani, ukugcina izinzwani zifudumele futhi zimanzi-indawo ephelele yefungi.
- Ukuzivocavoca kungabangela ukuhlukunyezwa okuncane okuphindaphindiwe kwi-hyponychium, okuvumela isifungi ukuba sihlasele.
- Izikhukhula zomphakathi zingabonisa izinyawo ku-fungi.
- Izifo ezithonya amasosha omzimba afana ne-AIDS nesifo sikashukela zingenza kube lula ukutheleleka kwefungal ukuqala.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-Onychomycosis
Akuzona zonke izipikili ezikhuniziwe, ezihlukanisiwe ziyi-infection fungal. Ezinye izifo ezingabangela izipikili ezinzima ziyi-psoriasis, i-eczema, kanye ne- lichen planus . Kubalulekile ukuthi ukutheleleka kwe-nail fungal kutholakala kahle ngoba ukwelashwa kuyesikhathi eside futhi kuyabiza.
Izifo ze-nail fungal zifunyanwa ngokuthatha isampula yama-debris ngaphansi kwesipikili.
Izakhi ezitholakalayo kakhulu zitholakala ngaphansi kwe-nail futhi esiseduze nesikhumba, ngakho-ke i-nail kufanele ihlelwe ngaphambi kokuthi isampula ithathwe.
Kunezivivinyo ezimbili ezisetshenziselwa ukuxilonga ukutheleleka kwe-nail fungal:
- Ukuhlolwa kwe- KOH
- Isiko lesifungo
Ukuhlolwa kwe-KOH kunenzuzo yokuthi kungenziwa ngokushesha. Isiko lesifungo sithatha amasonto amathathu kuya kwamane ukuba sibuye kodwa singakwazi ukubona ukuthi imvelo yenzani, uma kukhona umbuzo.
Izinhlobo ezintathu zokwelashwa
Ukwelashwa kwe-onychomycosis kuyabiza futhi kuyesikhathi eside. Kudinga ukuzibophezela engxenyeni yesiguli ukuthatha imithi izinyanga eziningana.
Ngeshwa, ukulungiselela ama-topical (imithi oyisebenzisayo endaweni ye-nail) ayiphathe kahle izifo ze-nail fungal. I-FDA ivume i-lacquer ye-nail okuthiwa i-ciclopirox (i-Penlac) ye-fungal nail infections, kodwa ayikwazi ukusebenza kahle. Kungenzeka kube inketho, kodwa, kubantu abangakwazi ukuthatha imithi yomlomo we-antifungal (amaphilisi owathatha ngomlomo).
Kunezidakamizwa ezintathu zomlomo ezisebenzayo zomlomo-ezimbili ezigunyazwa yi-FDA-izifo ezifakwe kwi-fungal nail okungezona i-FDA-evunyelwe ngokukhethekile ukutheleleka kwe-nail.
Yonke imithi emithathu inemiphumela emibi kakhulu futhi ixhumana nemithi eminingi.
Noma ubani osebenzisa imithi yomlomo we-antifungal kufanele abe nokuhlolwa kwe-lab ngezikhathi ezithile okwenziwe ukuqapha umsebenzi wesibindi nesigazi segazi. Imishanguzo ye-antifungal yomlomo ifakwe kwisilenge-ngakho-ke, iyaqhubeka isebenza ngisho nangemva kokuba imithi ishiyiwe. Ayikho enye ye-antifungals yomlomo engathathwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
- I-Terbinafine (i-Lamisil) i-FDA-igunyazwe ukuphatha izifo ze-fungal nail ingasebenza ngamaphesenti angama-70 kuya kwangu-90 uma isetshenziswe njengoba kuchazwe. U-Terbinafine uxhumana neminye imithi embalwa, ikakhulukazi i-caffeine ne-cimetidine. Umthamo osetshenziswayo yi-250 milligrams kanye ngosuku ngamasonto ayisithupha ukutheleleka komunwe kanye namaviki angu-12 ukufaka izifo.
- I-Itraconazole (i-Sporanox) iphinde ivunywe i-FDA ukuphatha i-onychomycosis futhi iphumelele ngamaphesenti angu-70 kuya kwangu-80. I-Itraconazole ixhumana nemithi eminingi futhi kufanele ithathwe ngokudla. I-Itraconazole ingathathwa nsuku zonke noma njengokwelashwa kwe-pulse. Umthamo wansuku zonke yi-200 milligrams kanye ngosuku ngamasonto ayisithupha ngenxa yokutheleleka komunwe kanye namaviki angu-12 ukuze uthole ukutheleleka. Ukulandelwa kwe-pulse kungama-milligram angu-200 kabili ngosuku ngeviki elilodwa ngenyanga, liphindaphindiwe izinyanga ezimbili noma ezintathu.
- I-Fluconazole (Diflucan) ayilona i-FDA-evunyelwe ukuphatha izifo ze-fungal ze-nail kodwa yimithi ephumelelayo yomlomo we-antifungal. Inzuzo ye-fluconazole ukuthi ihlala emzimbeni isikhathi eside futhi idinga ukuthathwa kuphela masonto onke. Ucwaningo lokuqala lubonisa ukuthi i-fluconazole iphumelela ngamaphesenti angu-72 kuya kwangu-89. Isilinganiso esetshenziswa ngama-milligram angu-450 kanye ngesonto izinyanga ezine kuya kweziyisishiyagalolunye.
Izwi elivela
Uma wena noma othandekayo unesifo sofuba se-nail fungal, awuyedwa. Eqinisweni, i-onychomycosis ithinta amaphesenti angama-10 abantu abaningi. Amadoda cishe angabathola ngaphezu kwabesifazane, futhi amathuba okuthuthukisa ukwanda okuhambisana nobudala. Uma kuthiwa, qiniseka ukuthi uthola ukuxilongwa okufanele, kungaba ngumhlinzeki wakho wokunakekela oyinhloko noma i- dermatologist (udokotela ogxile ekwelapheni isikhumba nezipikili).
> Imithombo:
> Thomas J, Jacobson GA, Narkowicz CK, Peterson GM, Burnet H, Sharpe C. I-toenail onychomycosis: umthwalo obalulekile emhlabeni jikelele wesifo. J Clin Pharm Ther . 2010 Oct; 35 (5): 497-519.
> Westerberg DP, Voyack MJ. I-Onychomycosis: Amathrendi Amanje E-Diagnosis and Treatment. Am Fam Physician . 2013 Dec 1; 88 (11): 762-70.