Asikho isidakamizwa esingaphatha i-autism ngokuqondile, kodwa abaningi bangasiza ngezimpawu zayo
Ufunde ukuthi akukho ukwelashwa okwelashwa okwenziwe nge- autism , nokho udokotela wakho ubeka imithi. Kuthiwani lokho? Impendulo ilula. Udokotela wakho akaphatheli i-autism: ulapha izimpawu ezithile ze-autism. Ngokuvamile, lapho izimpawu ziphathwa, abantu abane-autism bakwazi kangcono ukufunda, ukuxhumana, futhi ngokuvamile baxhumane nabanye.
Izimpawu Ze-Autism ezingasetshenziswa Ngezidakamizwa
Akuwona wonke umuntu one-autism spectrum disorder enezibonakaliso ezifanayo, futhi akuzona zonke izimpawu ezingaphathwa ngezokwelapha. Ngokuvamile, lapho izidakamizwa zinikezwa abantu abane-autism, zihloswe ukubhekana nezimpawu ezithile ezibandakanya izingqinamba zokuziphatha, ukukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka okucindezelayo, ukukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, nokushintshashintsha kwemizwa efana ne-bipolar disorder.
Ukwelapha Ukukhathazeka Nokucindezeleka
I-serotonin reuptake inhibitors ekhethiwe (SSRIs) inqunyelwe ukukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, kanye / noma ukucindezeleka okucindezelayo (OCD). Kulawa, kuphela i-Prozac (i-fluoxetine) evunyelwe yi-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) kokubili ukucindezeleka ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-8 nangaphezulu ne-OCD ezinganeni ezingu-7 nangaphezulu. I-Lexapro (escitalopram) ivunyelwe futhi izingane ezinokucindezeleka ezineminyaka engu-12 noma ngaphezulu. Ama-SSRIs amathathu avunyelwe i-OCD yi-Luvox (i-fluvoxamine) yezingane ezineminyaka engu-8 nangaphezulu; I-Zoloft (sertraline) yabantwana abaneminyaka engama-6 nangaphezulu; no-Anafranil (i-clomipramine) yabantwana abaneminyaka engu-10 nangaphezulu.
I-Wellbutrin iyi-anti-depressant esebenza ngokuhluke kwizinga le-SSRI lama-anti-depressants futhi ayivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kwezingane.
Isexwayiso se-FDA Ngokuphathelene nezidakamizwa ze-SSRI
I-FDA ikhiphe iseluleko kubaguli, emindenini, nasezifundweni zezempilo ukuze babheke ngokucophelela abantu abadala kanye nezingane ezithatha izidakamizwa zokuzibulala ngenxa yezibonakaliso zokuzibulala.
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqaleni kokwelashwa noma uma amanani ashintshiwe.
Ukuphatha Izinkinga Zokuziphatha
Abaningi be-autistic banezinkinga ezibalulekile zokuziphatha. Ezinye zingalawulwa yizokwelapha ezingekho kwemithi ezifana nokuhlaziywa kokuziphatha okusetshenzisiwe (ABA), ukwelashwa kwe-floortime, njll. Kodwa uma ukuziphatha kungekho kokulawula noma kuyingozi, kungase kube yisikhathi sokucabangela imishanguzo ye-antipsychotic. Lokhu kusebenza ngokunciphisa umsebenzi we-neurotransmitter dopamine ebuchosheni. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-antipsychotics, kufaka phakathi:
- Imishanguzo endala yokulwa ne-antipsychotic: Imithi emikhulu ye-antipsychotic efana ne-haloperidol, thioridazine, fluphenazine, ne-chlorpromazine, ingase iphumelele ekuphatheni izinkinga ezinkulu zokuziphatha. Kodwa konke, kuhlanganise ne-haloperidol, kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu njenge-sedation, ukuqina kwemisipha, nokunyakaza okungavamile, ngakho-ke le mithi isetshenziswa nje kuphela uma i-antipsychotics entsha ingayenzi lo msebenzi.
- Imishanguzo emisha yokulwa ne-antipsychotic: Ezinye ze-antipsychotics ezishintshayo "ezise-atypical" zingase zikhethe kangcono, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni. Olunye ucwaningo lwamuva lubonise ukuthi Risperdal (risperidone) no-Abilify (aripiprazole) basebenze kahle ukusiza ukulawula ukuhlukunyezwa nokucasula ezinganeni. Bobabili bavunyelwe i-FDA ukuphatha ukucasula kwabantwana abane-autism; I-Risperdal ivunyelwe izingane ezineminyaka engu-5 noma ngaphezulu futhi i-Abilify ivunyelwe izingane ezingu-6 nangaphezulu.
Ukwelashwa Ukuhlukunyezwa
Omunye wabantu abane abane-autism spectrum disorder (ASD) naye une-disorder disorder. Ngokuvamile, ziphathwa nge-anticonvulsants njengeTegretol (carbamazepine), i-Lamictal (i-lamotrigine), i-Topamax (i-topiramate), noma i-Depakote (i-valproic acid). Izinga lemithi egazini kufanele lihlolwe ngokucophelela futhi lilungiswe ukuze imali encane kungenzeka ukuthi isetshenziswe ukuze iphumelele. Nakuba imithi ivame ukunciphisa inani lokubanjwa, akukwazi njalo ukuqeda.
Ukwelapha ukungenwa nokuphelelwa amandla
Imithi ekhuthazayo njenge-Concerta (methylphenidate) ne-Strattera (i-atomoxetine) esetshenziselwa ngokuphepha nangempumelelo kubantu abanenkinga yokukhathazeka ngokweqile (ADHD) nayo yabekelwe izingane ezine-autism.
Le mithi inganciphisa ukungabi naso nokungabi nabantwana kwezinye izingane, ikakhulukazi labo abanezingane eziphezulu ezisebenzayo. I-Adderall (dextroamphetamine ne-amphetamine) yinye into evuselelayo evame ukusetshenziselwa ngendlela efanayo neConta noma iStattera ukusiza ukunakekelwa, ukugxila, kanye nezindaba zokuziphatha. I-Clorpres (i-clonidine), i-antihypertensive, ngezinye izikhathi iqondiswe ukungahloniphi nokuphelelwa amandla.
Ukuhlola Izinketho Zezidakamizwa
Zonke izidakamizwa ezichazwe kulesi sihloko zinomthelela wemiphumela emibi. Amanye, uma enqunyelwe i-autism, anqunywe "ngaphandle kwelebuli," okusho ukuthi ahlelwe ngezinhloso ezinye ngaphandle kwalokho okuvunyelwe khona. Mane ukhumbule ukuthi akukho ukungenelela kwemithi okuza ngaphandle kwezingozi.
Xhumana nodokotela
Ngenxa yobungozi bokungenelela kwemithi, kungengqondo ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa kuphela uma noma lapho izimpawu zinzima noma zingalawulwa ezinye izindlela. Ngisho noma kunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uxoxe nodokotela wezokwelapha ngolwazi ku-autism futhi, uma kufanelekile, izifo zezingane. Qinisekisa ukuthi uqonda imiphumela emibi engaba khona. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi ngabe yimuphi walawo miphumela emibi ingaba yingozi futhi uqiniseke ukuthi uyazi ukuthi benzeni uma kuvela izinkinga. Yenza ukuqokwa okulandelwayo ngakho-ke udokotela wakho angakwazi ukuhlola impumelelo yokwelapha futhi uncoma noma yiziphi izinguquko ezilinganisweni.
> Imithombo:
> DeFilippis M, Wagner KD. Ukwelashwa kwe-Autism Spectrum Disorder e-Children nase-Adolescents. I-Psychopharmacology Bulletin . 2016; 46 (2): 18-41.
> Abasebenzi beMayo Clinic. Izidakamizwa zezingane nezingane. I-Mayo Clinic. Kubuyekezwe uMeyi 27, 2016.
> Van Schalkwyk GI, Lewis AS, Beyer C, Johnson J, van Rensburg S, Bloch MH. Ukusebenza kwe-Antipsychotics ye-Irritability nokuhlukunyezwa kwezingane: i-Meta-Analysis. Ukubuyekeza kobuchwepheshe be-Neurotherapeutics . Septemba 11, 2017; 17 (10): 1045-1053. i-doi: 10.1080 / 14737175.2017.1371012.