Ukuxhumana kuyisihluthulelo sosizo lwezokwelashwa oluphumelelayo
Wonke umuntu unenkinga yezokwelapha ngesikhathi esisodwa noma kwenye ekuphileni kwabo. Abantu abane-autism abahlukile. Eqinisweni, ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, abantu abane-autism bavame ukuba nezinselele eziningi zezokwelapha kunabanye abantu. Ezinye zezinkinga eziza kubantwana nakubantu abadala kule ndawo zihlanganisa:
- Izinkinga zamathumbu (okuvame kakhulu kubantu abane-autism)
- Ukulimala (abantu abane-autism ngokuvamile abanakho ukuxhumana okufanele ubudala futhi bangase bazilimaze)
- Izinkinga ezihlobene nokulala (abantu abaningi abane-autism banezinselele zokulala)
- Ukufa kwesifo (ukuhlukunyezwa kuvame kakhulu kubantu abane-autism)
Ngeshwa, kungaba yinkinga enkulu kubantu abaku-autism spectrum ukuze bathole ukwelashwa abakudingayo-ngisho nalapho bekhuluma futhi behlanganyela. Kunzima ngisho nangomuntu ongekho amazwi , noma okuziphatha kwakhe kubonakala sengathi akupheli noma kudlame.
Ngenhlanhla, kunezinye izinyathelo eziqondile abazali nabazinakekeli abangayithatha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kwabathandekayo be-autistic akudingi impi!
Kungani Kunzima Ukuthi Abantu Abagunyazayo Bakuthole Ukunakekelwa Kwezempilo?
Kubantu abane-autism, izinkinga eziningana zingama endleleni yokwelashwa, ikakhulukazi esimweni esiphuthumayo. U-Eve Megargel ungumculi, umlobi, nomama wengane engenamuntu nge-autism, kanye nomlobi wencwadi ethi Learning to Kiss .
UMegargel uthi, "Siyazi ukuthi kunezinkinga zokukhulumisana, izinkinga ezithinta izinkinga , izinkinga zokukhathazeka-amaphuzu ayisisekelo okudingeka adluliselwe futhi aphendule ukuze athole ukunakekelwa kwekhwalithi njenganoma ubani omunye." Ngamanye amazwi, ngisho nabantu abadala abakhuluma ngomlomo bangase:
- Thola kunzima noma akunakwenzeka ukuziveza ngokuphumelelayo ukuze uchaze izidingo zabo zezokwelapha
- Thola kunzima noma akunakwenzeka ukuqonda nokulandela imfundo ekhulunywayo
- Zizizwa zikhungathekile izibani, zizwakala, zizwakala, zizwakala esibhedlela noma ekamelweni lokuphuthumayo
- Yenza impendulo ehlukile ebuhlungu kunontanga ejwayelekile (abantu abaningi abane-autism banezimbungulu ezibuhlungu kakhulu)
- Udinga ukuhamba, u-rock, flick, noma ufunde ukuze uzinze
Abantu abangekho emlomo kanye / noma abakhathazekile ngokweqile ku-autism spectrum nabo bangabonisa ukuziphatha okungabheka okwesabekayo kubasebenzi bezokwelapha abavamile abangenalo ulwazi lwe-autism. Isibonelo, banga:
- I-Bolt (ibaleke)
- Zizilimaze (zizilume ngokwabo, zishaye amakhanda abo, njll)
- Yiba nolaka kwabanye
- Memezela kakhulu, khala, noma ude
- Nqaba ukunakekelwa
Ngenxa yokuthi ukuziphatha kwe-autistic kungaba yinkinga kakhulu esimweni esicindezelayo, abanye ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bacabanga ukuthi babona umuntu enkingeni yempilo yengqondo kunokuba umuntu obhekene nokucindezeleka. Ngenxa yalokho, bangase bayishaye indiva inkinga yezokwelapha ngenkathi egxile enkingeni yezempilo yengqondo engekho. UMegargel uthi: "Uma umuntu efika ne-autism futhi enesimo sokuziphatha, bacabanga ukuthi kuyinkinga ye-psycho-pharma kunokuba azibuze ukuthi kufanele afune izinkinga ze-GI."
Yini Abadinga I-Autistic In Medical Setting?
Izimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha nezibhedlela zingaba nzima kunoma ubani.
Nokho, kubantu abaningi abane-autism, kungaba yingozi. Ukuzola, ukulalela, ukukhulumisana, nokubambisana, abantu abavame ukuzithokozisa bayodinga:
- Ummeleli wesibhedlela ojwayele i-autism
- Ukulungiselelwa okukhululekile ekukhanyeni okukhulu, ukukhanya, nomsindo omkhulu
- Amathuluzi okukhulumisana ngempumelelo (ibhodi yekhibhodi, isithombe, njll)
- Ulwazi mayelana nokuthi yini ongayilindela (ngokuvamile ngesimo esibukwayo)
- Ukusekela kusuka kumuntu owaziyo futhi owaziyo (ngisho noma kuyisiko sokuba isiguli sibe yedwa nodokotela)
- Imizila evamile yokuzihlisa noma izinto (mhlawumbe kufaka phakathi inkululeko yokuhambisa, ukuyibiza, noma ukusebenzisa ithoyizi yokukholisa, ividiyo, noma ezinye izinto)
Indlela Abazali Abangasiza Ngayo Ukulungiselela Ingane Yabo Ngokwempilo
Uma ngabe ingane yakho izoba nesipiliyoni sezempilo esandulelwe ngaphambili-inqubo, ukuhlolwa, noma ukuhlinzwa-unethuba lokufundisa ingane yakho ukuthi yini ongayilindela, indlela yokuziphatha, nendlela yokuxhumana nabasebenzi esibhedlela. Eqinisweni, kungase kube usizo ukuchitha isikhathi ulungiselela ingane yakho noma ngabe uvele uye esikhungweni sesazi sokuhlolwa kwengane.
Nazi izindlela ezimbalwa u-Eve Megargel atusa ngazo:
- Fundisa ingane yakho ukuba iqonde countdowns noma izinombolo ezibukwayo (ukuhamba kwesikhathi). Lokhu kuzosiza ingane yakho ukuba ihambisane nezicelo zokuthi "ubambe umoya wakho ngemizuzwana eyishumi," noma "ulinde imizuzu emihlanu," futhi izosiza nalapho ulindele umcimbi njengokugoma.
- Fundisa ingane yakho ukuthi iqonde ukuthi ukuvalwa kuzokwenzeka nini (lokhu kude; lezi zikhathi eziningi). Lokhu kuzosiza ingane yakho ukuba ihlale ithule ngokuqonda ukuthi inqubo izophela esikhathini esithile, isikhathi esingalindelekile.
- Fundisa ingane yakho ukuphefumulela ngokujulile, ukuzindla, njll ukuze uphumule.
- Fundisa ingane yakho ukuba iqonde izindaba zomphakathi (izindaba ezibukwayo ezichaza izenzakalo ezilindelekile, ukuziphatha, izinketho, nezinsiza ezikhona). Uma kunokwenzeka, yakha indaba yezenhlalo yomcimbi wezokwelapha ingane yakho ezoyithola. Ungakwenza lokhu ngokuthwebula izindawo, izinsimbi, nabantu abazohileleka, futhi uchaze ngemibandela elula ukuthi bazokwenzani nokuthi yini ingane yakho okufanele iyenze ukusiza. Isibonelo, "uDkt Smith uzokusebenzisa i-stethoscope ukulalela inhliziyo yakho.Uzobeka ingxenye ephathekayo esifubeni sakho, kuyoba kubanda, kodwa ngeke kuphazamise.
- Lungiselela amathuluzi okuletha ndawonye. Uma ingane yakho idinga ibhodi lesithombe noma idivaysi yokukhulumisana eyongezwayo, hlola ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi uyakwazi ukuthola amagama nezithombe azodinga. Letha noma yimaphi amathoyizi azincelayo, ama-blanket, noma amavidiyo.
- Vakashela ngaphambi kwesikhathi; thatha izithombe; njll Uzodinga ukuvunyelwa nokubambisana kwethimba lezempilo lezingane, ngakho-ke shayela phambili.
- Zijayeza ukuze uzilungiselele. Empeleni ukuhlaziya ukusebenzisana okukhohlisayo nezinqubo kungenza umehluko kumuntu ono-autism.
- Cabanga ukuhlinzeka ingane yakho engekho amazwi ngamazwi smartphone okukhipha noma idijithi evumela ukuthi athathe isithombe noma abhale kukhibhodi futhi abe nezwi elenziwe ngezakhi afunde umlayezo. Lokhu kungenza kube lula ukuxhumana nabasebenzi bezokwelapha.
Indlela Abazali Abangasiza Ngayo Ukulungiselela Abasebenzi Bezokwelapha Ukusebenza Nezingane Zabo Ezizimele
Kungumqondo omuhle ukuxhumana nabasebenzi bezokwelapha emtholampilo wangakini noma esibhedlela ngaphambi kokuba ingane yakho idinga ukunakekelwa. Ngaleyo ndlela, lapho ingane yakho ifika, wonke umuntu uyoba nomqondo omuhle wokuthi yini ongayilindela, indlela yokuxhumana ngayo, nokuthi ungayisiza kanjani ingane yakho ukuba ibe nesipiliyoni esingcono kakhulu sezokwelapha. UMegargel uphakamisa ukuthi abazali:
- Khuluma nomkamukeli wezamukeli. Akugcini nje ukuthi akutshele ukuthi yini okufanele ulindele egumbini lokulinda, kodwa angakusiza ukuba uxoxe nezidingo zabantwana bakho kwabanye abasebenzi.
- Khuluma nodokotela wengane yakho. Chaza izidingo namakhono akho wengane, bese umcela igama lomuntu ozokwazi ukuqondisa ukunakekelwa kwengane yakho.
- Khuluma nomhlengikazi wekhanda. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ehhovisi, emtholampilo noma esibhedlela, umhlengikazi oyinhloko noma umhlengikazi cishe uzohileleka kakhulu ekunakekeleni kwengane yakho. Uma ekwazi ngokwengeziwe, uzolungele kangcono ukuthi uzokwenza umsebenzi omkhulu.
- Nikeza ulwazi mayelana nengane yakho. Ingabe kukhona "izindlela ezinhle" zokusondela kuye? Xhumana naye? Msize ukuba ahlale ethule?
- Memezela isikhala esithule, esincane kakhulu-ngisho nokukwazi ukuthi isikhala esinjalo singase sibe nzima ukufika esimisweni sezokwelapha.
- Memezela ingane yakho ngokuchaza ukuthi ingane yakho ikhuluma kanjani futhi iphikelela ukuthi ukhona naye. Qinisekisa ukuthi akufanele kube yinto edingekayo yokukhulumisana nedivayisi yokuxhumana-ngisho nasendlini yokusebenza.
- Nikeza ulwazi olucacile, olufingqiwe ngomlando wengane yakho, ukukhathazeka okwelashwa okukhethekile, imithi, kanye nezinkinga ezingenzeka.
- Chaza ukuthi ukuzwakala ubuhlungu ku-autism akuvamile; ukuziphatha okungaqondakali noma okuhlukumezayo kungase kube ukubonakaliswa kobuhlungu kunokuba kuvezwe ngesihluku.
- Yilungele ukukhuthaza futhi / noma ukuphatha isimo sokuziphatha. Yilungele ngokwengqondo ukungena uma ukuphepha noma abanye abantu beqala ukuzibandakanya.
Indlela Yokukhetha I-Autism-Udokotela Othandekayo
Abazali abaningi bakhetha udokotela ngesisekelo sezincomo, umshuwalense, kanye nokusondelana komzimba. Nakuba uhlelo olufanayo lungase lusebenzele ingane ye-autistic, amathuba okudinga ukuthi uthole olunye ulwazi oluthe xaxa ngaphambi kokukhetha udokotela wezingane noma udokotela womndeni. U-Eve Megargel uncoma ukubuka eduze ukuze ubone ukuthi udokotela ovakashelayo (noma ngabe "ingane" yakho manje isaphezu kuka-18):
- Uzimisele ukuma bese uthatha isikhathi sokubuza imibuzo bese uxhuma nawe nomntanakho
- Ulungele ukusebenzisa amathuluzi abukwayo kanye namagama okuxhumana nengane yakho
- Uyabonga ingane yakho futhi ubuze ngendlela engcono kakhulu yokuxhumana ngokuphumelelayo
- Kubonisa ukubekezela uma ingane yakho ibonakala ikhathazekile noma inenkinga yokuziphatha
- Ucabanga ngawe, umzali, njengengxenye yethimba
Izwi elivela
Izingane zakho ze-autistic zidinga futhi zifanelwe ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha eziphezulu-ngisho noma kuthatha umsebenzi owengeziwe kumuntu wonke ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi uyayithola. Ngokulungiselela ingane yakho kanye neqembu lakhe lezokwelapha kusengaphambili, futhi ngokukhetha abahlengikazi ngokuhlakanipha, ungamisa ingane yakho ukuze uphumelele. Njengoba kubalulekile, ungasiza ekuqinisekiseni umphumela wezokwelapha ophumelele kakhulu.
> Imithombo:
> Ukuxoxisana no-Eve Megargel. February 2017.
> Megargel, E., et al. I-Autism nezibhedlela: umdlalo onzima. I-Pediatrics yezemfundo, uMqulu 12, Issue 6, Amakhasi 469-470, November / Disemba 2012.
> Soraya, Lynne. Izithiyo ekunakekeleni ukwelashwa okusebenzayo kubantu abadala abadala. I-Psychology Namuhla. Iwebhu. Juni 2014.