Izingane zihlala engozini enkulu kakhulu
Ukubutheka ukuhogela ukuqoqwa kokuhola emzimbeni okuvame ukuqhubeka phakathi nezinyanga noma iminyaka. Nakuba ukuphefumula okuholayo kuvamile ezweni elithuthukayo, lapho kubangela ukufa kwabantu abangaphezu kuka-800 000 njalo ngonyaka, kungathinta nemindeni yaseMelika kanye (njengoba kuboniswe ngengozi ka-2016 eFlint, eMichigan lapho abantu abangaphezu kuka-100 000 bevezwa ngamanzi ahlanzekile) .
Ukuhola iyinsimbi enokwemvelo engenamzuzo emzimbeni. Ukuvezwa kwezinto ezinobuthi kungathinta ubuchopho nezinye izitho ezibalulekile, kubangele izinguquko ze-neurological and behavioral, ukugula kwamathumbu, ukukhubazeka kwezinso, nokulibaziseka kwentuthuko. Emazingeni aphakeme kakhulu, angaba yingozi.
Ukubulawa kwesifo kungatholakala ukuthi kunezivivinyo zegazi nezithombe. Uma ukuhola okuphezulu kuphezulu, ukwelashwa kungase kuhlanganise nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezibopha ukuhola ukuze ziqedwe emzimbeni.
Izimpawu
Nakuba ukuhogela okuholayo kungabangela ukulimala cishe zonke izidumbu zomzimba, ubuchopho kanye nomgudu wamathumbu kuvame ukuvela lapho izibonakaliso zokuqala zezifo zivela khona.
Izimpawu zokuhogela ubuthi zivame ukuziqhenya futhi kunzima ukubona. Kwabanye abantu, kungenzeka kube khona izimpawu. Okuvame ukubonakala kubandakanya:
- Ukuthukuthela
- Ukukhathala
- Izinsizwa
- Ukulahlekelwa kokuhlushwa
- Ukulahlekelwa kwememori yesikhashana
- Ukuzivocavoca nokulahlekelwa kokuxhumana
- Ukunambitheka okungavamile emlonyeni
- Umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka phakathi kwegamu (owaziwa ngokuthi umugqa weBurton)
- Ukulinganisa noma ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa (i-neuropathy)
- Ubuhlungu besisu
- Ukunciphisa ukudla
- I-nausea nokuhlanza
- Uhudo noma ukuqotshwa
- Inkulumo emisiwe
Ngokungafani nabantu abadala, izingane zingase zibonise izinguquko ezimbi kakhulu zokuziphatha (kufaka phakathi ukungahloniphi, ukunganakwa, nokuhlukumezeka) futhi kuzovame ukuwela ngokuthuthukiswa ngemuva kwamanye abantwana aneminyaka efanayo.
Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo okuhlala njalo kungenzeka ngezinye izikhathi.
Izinkinga zokufaka ushevu ezinobuthi zingafaka umonakalo wezinso, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, ukuguga kwesilisa, ukungabi nesisu, nokuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuzalwa. Uma amazinga okuhola ekhuphuka abe ngaphezu kuka-100 μg / dL, ukuvuvukala kobuchopho (ukucindezeleka) kungase kwenzeke, okubangelwa ukugubha, ukuhlaselwa, ngisho nokufa.
Izimbangela
Ukukhwabanisa kwe-US kuye kwaba ukwehla kusukela kuqala ukuvinjelwa upende nophethiloli emuva ngo-1978. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, eminye imithetho iye yasungulwa ukunciphisa amazinga okuhola emipayipi, izixazululo zezimboni, nempahla evamile yasendlini.
Naphezu kwalokhu, ukuhogela ubuthi e-US kusekhona. Izingane zingozi kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi ziyingxenye yomzimba wabo omncane kanye nezinga eliphansi lokuchayeka. Baye bathambekele ekutheni bahole kalula izicubu zobuchopho futhi babonise ukuziphatha okukhuluma ngomlomo okukhuthaza ukuvezwa.
Ezinye izimbangela ezijwayelekile zokutshela ukuhola zihlanganisa:
- Amanzi, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yamapayipi asebekhulile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-solder yokuhola
- Umhlabathi owenziwe ngopende noma ipetroli
- Ukuvezwa kwemisebenzi emayini, ukukhipha izitshalo, noma izindawo zokukhiqiza lapho kuhileleka khona ukuhola
- Ama-pottery afakiwe kanye ne-ceramics asetshenziselwa i-dinnerware
- I-crystal eholelekile esetshenziselwa uketshezi oluthile noma isitoreji sokudla
- Imithi ye-Ayurvedic kanye neyabantu, ezinye zazo ziqukethe izinkolelo zokuthola "izinzuzo" ezithintekayo kanti ezinye zazo zingcoliswa ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza
- Amathoyizi angenisiwe, izimonyo, i-candy, nemikhiqizo yasendlini eyenziwa emazweni angenayo imingcele eholayo
Ukwehla okubangelwa umuthi kungase kwenzeke ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, okubangelwa ukuthi ukulahleka kwamathambo okwesikhashana kuholele ohlelweni futhi kuveza umntwana ongakazalwa ukuba abe namazinga aphezulu obudakamizwa.
Ukuxilongwa
Ukubhekela utshwala kungatholakala ngesimo sezinhlobonhlobo zama-lab nokuhlola izithombe. Isivivinyo esiyinhloko, esibizwa ngezinga le-blood lead (BLL), lingasitshela indlela okuholela ngayo egazini lakho.
Esimweni esihle, akufanele kube khona ukuhola, kodwa ngisho namazinga aphansi angase abhekwe njengamukelekayo.
Ukuhlushwa kwegazi kulinganiselwe ngokwemigomo ye-micrograms (μg) nge-deciliter (dL) yegazi. Ububanzi bamanje obamukelekayo ngu:
- Ngaphansi kuka-5 μg / dL yezingane
- Ngaphansi kuka-25 μg / dL yabantu abadala
Ngenkathi i-BLL ingahlinzeka isithombe esicacile sesimo sakho samanje, asikwazi ukusitshela umphumela wokuqoqa owenzayo emzimbeni wakho. Ngenxa yalokhu, udokotela angalawula i-X-ray fluorescence engeyona engavamile (i-XRF), ngokuyinhloko ifomu eliphezulu le-ray elingama-ray elingakwazi ukuhlola ukuhola okungakanani emathanjeni akho nokudalula izindawo zokubala ezibonisa ukuvezwa kwesikhathi eside .
Okunye ukuhlolwa kungabandakanya ukuhlolwa kwefilimu yegazi ukubuka izinguquko kumaseli abomvu e-red kanye ne-erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP) engasinika insizakalo yokuthi ngabe ukuchayeka kwenzeke isikhathi esingakanani.
Ukwelapha
Le ndlela yokwelashwa okuyinhloko yokuhogela ubuthi ibizwa ngokuthi i- chelation therapy . Kuhilela ukusebenzisa ama-chelating agents abambelela ngokuqinile ukuhola nokwenza isakhi esingenayo isobho esingahle siphumelele emcinini.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Chelation kuboniswa kubantu abane-poisoning eholela kakhulu noma izibonakaliso ze-encephalopathy. Kungacatshangelwa nanoma ubani ongu-BLL ongaphezu kuka-25 μg / dL. Ukwelashwa kwe-Chelation kunenani elingaphansi kwamacala angapheli ngaphansi kwalesi silinganiso.
Ukwelashwa kungathunyelwa noma ngomlomo noma nge-intravenously. Ama-agent ajwayelekile kakhulu anikeziwe afaka:
- I-Bal emafutheni (i-dimercaprol)
- I-calcium disodium
- I-Chemet (i-dimercaptosuccinic acid)
- D-penicillamine
- I-EDTA (i-ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid)
Imiphumela emibi ingabandakanya ukukhanda ikhanda, umkhuhlane, izikhukhula, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, ukuphefumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile, nokuqina kwesifuba. Ngezikhathi ezingavamile, ukuhlukunyezwa, ukwehluleka ukuphefumula, ukwehluleka kwezinso, noma ukulimala kwesibindi kuye kwaziwa ukuthi kwenzeka.
Izwi elivela
Ukubulawa kwesifo kungesabeka ngoba awukwazi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukutshela ukuthi ngabe wena noma ingane yakho uye wavezwa yini. Kunezindlela zokuhlola ikhaya lakho uma ukhathazekile, kufaka phakathi amathikithi wokuhlola ekhaya atholakalayo phakathi kuka- $ 10 no-$ 30 ezitolo ze-hardware.
Kungcono nakakhulu, uma uhlala ekhaya elidala elingakalungiswanga, ungaqasha umhloli wezingozi oqinisekiswe yi-state noma i-Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Okwamanje, ukuze unciphise amathuba engozini yomndeni wakho:
- Qiniseka ukuthi wonke umuntu uyahlanza izandla njalo.
- Fundisa izingane ukuba zingabeka izandla noma iminwe emilonyeni yazo.
- Nika wonke umuntu isinxephezelo nsuku zonke se-iron ne-calcium.
- Vula futhi uvimbe njalo.
- Khubaza izingane ukuba zisebenze enhlabathini ezungeze indlu uma upende lwangaphandle lukhuphuka noma luyehla.
- Faka i-doormat ngaphakathi nangaphandle kweminyango eya endlini yakho.
- Khuthaza wonke umuntu ukuba asuse izicathulo zakhe ngaphambi kokungena.
- Uma usebenza efektri noma uhlanyela lapho kukhona khona ingozi yokungena, ugeza bese ushintshe izingubo zakho ngaphambi kokuya ekhaya.
> Imithombo:
> Jacobs, D. Ukuhogela Ukuphehla: Ukugxila ku-Fix. I-J Pub Health Phatha Ukusebenza. 2016; 22 (4): 326-330. I-DOI: 10.1097 / PHH.0000000000000430.
> Isexwayiso, C .; I-Tsang, K .; kanye neGalazka, S. Ukuphehla Kwezinyosi Ezinganeni. Am Fam Physician. 2010; 81 (6): 751-57.