Ngezinye izikhathi kudingekile ukuhlela ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo ukuhlola izimo ezithinta ubuchopho. Esinye sezivivinyo ezivame kakhulu yi-electroencephalogram (i-EEG). Kuyini ukuhlola kwe-EEG futhi yini esetshenziselwa yona? Funda ngezinye zezimo lapho kungaboniswa khona, kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kokuthintela , ukudideka, i-coma, ukufa kobuchopho, ngisho nokulala.
Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwe-EEG?
I-EEG isilinganiso somsebenzi oqhubekayo kagesi wengqondo. Lezi zikhombisi ze-brain-wave zilotshwe ngokubekwa kwama-discs ezincane zensimbi okuthiwa i-electrodes ehlelwe ngendlela ehlelekile ekhanda. I-tracings ye-digital ephumela ekuboniseni ukufingqwa kwemisebenzi yezigidi ze-neurons ngayinye ngaphakathi kobuchopho okuthiwa i-cortex ye-cerebral. Umthamo wephethini (noma amplitude) kanye nemvamisa kuvame ukuhunyushwa yi-neurologist kanye nezinsiza ekutholeni izimo ezihlukahlukene.
Kungani ukuhlolwa kwe-EEG kwenziwa
Uma sekufakwe ama-electrode, ulwazi luhlangene ngokushesha mayelana nombuso womsebenzi wobuchopho. Kunezimo ezithile lapho lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ama-EEs avame ukuqhutshwa ukuze ahlolisise ukutholakala noma ingozi yokutholwa. I-EEG evamile ngokuvamile ihlelwe ngemuva kokukhishwa kokuqala kwesikhathi. Ukuzizwa kubhekene nokukhishwa okungavamile kagesi ngaphakathi kobuchopho okungase kubangele ukudideka noma ukukhathazeka, ukunyakaza okungalawulwayo, ukucubungula, ngisho nokuwa.
Njengoba kukhona ingozi ebalulekile ekuqothulweni okungalawuleki, ukwelashwa ngemithi kuqaliswa uma i-EEG ibonisa ingozi yokuphindaphindiwe.
Ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwesithuthwane, i-EEG inezinye izinsiza, ikakhulukazi esibhedlela. Kungaba usizo ekunqumeni imbangela yokwazi okuguquliwe, njengokuthi kwenzeka nge-delirium noma i-coma.
Uma othile ehlushwa ubuchopho ngenxa yokuhlukumezeka noma ukungabi khona kwe-oxygen (hypoxia), i-EEG ingase ibe nenani lokubikezela ukucacisa amathuba okubuyiselwa. Ezimweni ezingavamile, kungase kuhlinzeke ubufakazi bokuthi ubuchopho bube khona.
Umsebenzi kagesi wobuchopho nawo ungasiza ekutholeni izindawo ezinomsebenzi ongavamile. Isibonelo, kungase kusiphakamise ukungajwayelekile kokuthuthukiswa okuholela ekuthinjeni okuphindaphindiwe. Esikhathini esidlule, sisetshenziselwe ukusiza ukwehlisa indawo yengqondo engase ibe yinkinga. Ngenhlanhla, ukuthuthukiswa ekucabangeni njengeMRI kuye kwanciphisa kakhulu lokhu ukusetshenziswa. Kungase kube usizo ukuqinisekisa umsebenzi osebenzayo wokuxhumana kwesistimu yezinzwa ngokuhlolwa kwamathuba okukhishwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqapha kwe-intraoperative ne-EEG kungase kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kwamathambo noma ukuhlinzwa kwengqondo akubangeli umonakalo unomphela.
Ukuthi ama-EEGs asiza kanjani ukuhlonza izinkinga zokulala
Ukusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe kwe-EEG kusetshenziselwa isifundo sokulala esijwayelekile esibizwa ngokuthi i- polysomnogram . Ama-electrode afakwa ezindaweni zangaphambili, eziphakathi, zesikhashana, nezesi-occipital. Lezi zilinganiso zingasetshenziswa ukukhomba izigaba zokulala . Lokhu kuyasiza ukucacisa lapho ukulala kuqala, lapho ukuphazamiseka kokuphefumula kokuphefumula kubonakala ku-apnea yokulala, kanye nesakhiwo sokulala.
Lokhu kutholakala kungafingqwa njengengxenye ye-hypnogram embikweni wokutadisha wokulala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlukunyezwa kungabonakala ngesikhathi sokufundela ubusuku bokulala. Ngokuvamile kuyoba nezinye izibonakaliso zokugubha ngaphambi kokutholakala kwabo kulokhu kuhlolwa, kodwa kunganikeza ubufakazi obengeziwe besimo kanye nokusebenza kokwelashwa. Kubantu abanokunyakaza okungavamile noma ukuziphatha okulele, kungabalulekile ukulawula ukukhishwa njengesizathu esingabangela.
Izingozi Nezinye izindlela
Azikho izingozi ezibalulekile ezihambisana nokuhlolwa kwe-EEG. Ukuhlolwa akungabizi, kufinyeleleke, futhi kusetshenziswe kakhulu. Ukubekwa kwe-electrodes kungabangela ukucasula isikhumba se-scalp.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-glue noma unamathisele isetshenzisiwe ingabangela ukusabela okuncane kwe-allergenic. Ngokuvamile lezi zincane futhi zihambe ngokushesha.
Udokotela wakho uzobona ukuthi i-EEG iyadingeka yini. Ngezinye izikhathi, imiphumela ingahle ibe yinto engacacile futhi ukuhlolwa okungaphezulu kungaboniswa. Njengoba kukhulunywe ngaphambilini, ukuhlolwa okunye okufana nokufanisa izithombe kunganikeza ulwazi olwengeziwe.
Uma uye wanconywa ukuba ube ne-EEG njengengxenye yokuhlola kwakho kwezokwelapha, ungaqiniseka ukuthi ukuhlolwa kuphephile futhi kungase kuhlinzeke ngolwazi oluwusizo. Imiphumela kufanele ihunyushwe kumongo womtholampilo, futhi odokotela bakho bazowasebenzisa ukuze baqonde isithombe sezokwelapha esibanzi.
> Umthombo:
> Emerson RG noPedley TA. "I-Neurophysiology yezokwelapha: I-Electroencephalography Nezikhundla Ezingavunyelwe." In Neurology in Practice Clinical , Elsevier, edition 5, 2008, iphe. 455-481.