Lokho Ukuhlola Kwesiprostate Kusitshela Kona Futhi Akusikusitsheli
Amadoda amadala amanengi azokujwayelana nokuhlolwa kwe- prostate-specific antigen (PSA) kodokotela abavame ukusebenzisa ukuhlola umdlavuza wesibeletho. Ngenkathi abantu abaningi bezobheka ngokuthi "ukuvivinywa komdlavuza wesifo sofuba," akutholaki ngempela umdlavuza kodwa kunalokho ukuvuvukala kwegciwane ngokwayo.
I-PSA iyiprotheni ekhethekile ejwayelekile eyenziwa yi-prostate gland.
Uma kukhona ukungajwayelekile noma ukutheleleka kwegciwane, ukuvuvukala okubangelwa kuyoholela ekukhululweni kwama-antigens engeziwe. Ukuphakama kwezinga le-PSA, okukhulu ukuvuvukala.
Umdlavuza we-prostate ungomunye wemibandela ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA kungasiza ukuxilonga. Nakuba i-PSA ephezulu ingase iphakamise ukulimala, ukuhlolwa kwedwa akukwazi ukunikeza ukuxilongwa. Kulokhu, ezinye izivivinyo kanye nokuhlolwa kwelebhu kuzodingeka.
Izizathu ezingezona umdlavuza zePSA ephezulu
Ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA kwasekuqaleni kuvunywe yi-US Food and Drug Administration ngo-1986 ukuqapha ukuqhuma komdlavuza wesifo sofuba emadodeni abhekene nesifo. Ngo-1994, kwacaca ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwabuye kwaba nokubaluleka ekutholeni ukuvuvukala kobufebe kwamanye amadoda angenazo izibonakaliso.
Nakuba ngokusobala umdlavuza we-prostate uwukugxila kakhulu ekukhathazeni, ezinye izimo ezingekho komdlavuza nazo zingabangela ukuba i-PSA ikhule. Okuvamile kulezi zi-prostatitis (ukuvuvukala kwe-prostate gland).
Empeleni, yiyona imbangela evame kakhulu yenkinga ye-prostate kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-50 futhi kungathatha izinhlobo eziningana:
- I-bacterial prostatitis enamandla, evame ukubangelwa uma amabhaktheriya evuza kusukela emgodini we-urinary ukuya ku-prostate gland
- I-bacterial prostatitis engapheli, ebonakala ngokuvuvukala okuqhubekayo
- I-prostatitis engeyona eyingqayizivele, okungase ibe khona izimpawu kepha akukho mbuzo owaziwayo
- I-prostatitis engapheliyo, okungukuthi ukuvuvukala kukhona kepha kungenayo izimpawu
Esinye imbangela yamazinga e-PSA aphakanyisiwe yi- benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) , isimo lapho i-gland ngokwayo ikhula khona. I-BPH ibonakala ngokuyinhloko emadodeni amadala futhi ingabangela ukukhathazeka kwemigodi ye-urinary, kuhlanganise nokukhubazeka kokugeleza kwamanzi. Nakuba kungacacile ukuthi yini ebangela i-BPH, abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kuhlobene nokushintsha kwama-hormone ocansi njengoba amadoda ekhula.
I-BPH ayiyona umdlavuza futhi ayibonisi umdlavuza. Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuxilonga nokuphatha ngoba kungabangela izinkinga ezifana nokutheleleka kwe-urinary (UTIs) , amatshe esilasha, ukulimala kwesibindi kanye nokulimala kwezinso.
Ukuthola umdlavuza we-prostate
Esikhathini esidlule, odokotela ngokuvamile babheka amazinga e-PSA angu-4.0 noma ngezansi ukuba abe evamile. Uma amazinga angaphezu kuka-4.0, odokotela babezocabangela lokho ukuthi babe yibala elibomvu lomdlavuza futhi ngokushesha bahlele i- biopsy .
Eminyakeni yamuva, odokotela baye baqonda ukuthi ayikho i-PSA value yangempela "evamile". Eqinisweni, amadoda ane-PSA ephansi angagcina esebenomdlavuza, kanti labo abane-PSA abangaphezulu kwe-4.0 bangaba nomdlavuza ngokuphelele.
Ngakho-ke, iziqondiso zamanje zincoma ukusetshenziswa kokubili kwe-PSA nokuhlolwa kwe-digital rectal (DRE) njengengxenye yokuhlolwa komdlavuza wesibeletho ngokuzithandela.
I-DRE ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba lapho umunwe ufakwa khona emgodini ukuhlola ubungako nokuvumelana kwegland. Kuyenziwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yimaphi ama-PSA futhi kungasiza ekuboneni noma yikuphi okungajwayelekile okungatholakali yi-PSA test.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA ne-DRE kunconywa kumadoda angaphezu kuka-50 kanye nalabo abaneminyaka engama-40 no-49 umfowabo noma ubaba wakhe oye waba nomdlavuza wesibeletho. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa, lokhu okulandelayo kuzokwenzeka ngokujwayelekile:
- Uma i-PSA ingakhulumi futhi i-DRE ijwayelekile, udokotela angase ancoma enye ukuhlolwa ngonyaka.
- Uma i-PSA iphakanyisiwe kodwa ayikho izimpawu noma okungavamile, udokotela angase ancoma enye i-PSA test ukuqinisekisa imiphumela. Uma usuphakeme, udokotela cishe wayefuna ukuqapha isimo ngezikhathi ezijwayelekile ukubuka noma yiziphi izinguquko.
- Uma i-PSA isiphezulu futhi kukhona inhlamba esolisayo, udokotela angase ancoma ukuhlolwa okungeziwe kuhlanganise nokuhlolwa komchamo (ukuhlola i-UTI), i-X ray, i- transrectal ultrasound , noma i- cystoscopy . Uma kucatshangwa ukuthi umdlavuza we-prostate uzonconywa.
> Imithombo:
> National Cancer Institute: Izikhungo Zikazwelonke Zempilo. "Ukuhlolwa kwe-Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)." I-Bethesda, e-Maryland; ibuyekeziwe ngo-Okthoba 4, 2017.
> Pinsky, P .; Prorok, P .; kanye neKramer, B. "Ukuhlolwa Kwegciwane Lesandulela Ngculaza - I-Perspective kwi-State Current Evidence." N Eng J Med. 2017; 376: 1285-89. I-DOI: 10.1056 / NEJMsb1616281.