Izithintelo Zobulili Ezibeka Abantu Ngengozi Yokugwema noma Engadingekile
Ukuthatha ingozi ngokocansi kungumqondo wokuthi abantu bavame ukuthola kunzima ukukuqonda, ikakhulukazi kulabo abonakala besengozini enkulu ye-HIV. Ngokombono womphakathi, kusekhona ukuphikiswa okuqinile kwemisebenzi ethile yezocansi abanye abangase bacabange ngokuthi "ukuziphatha okubi" noma "i-taboo" (njengobungqingili, ubulili beqembu, nokusebenza ngokobulili), nokugxeka okuhambisana nalezi zinto kuqhuba kuphela ingxoxo ngaphezulu komhlaba.
Lokho esikwaziyo ukuthi abantu abenza izingozi zocansi abazenzi ngokwabo ngaphandle kokubhubhisa noma ukungazi (nakuba lokhu kungafaka isandla ekuziphatheni okunjalo). Ngokuvamile, ziqhutshwa izici ezingokwengqondo nezokuziphatha ezikwazisa isinqumo sabo socansi. Lezi zingabandakanya izinto ezinjengokuvimbela ukuziphatha ngokobulili kanye nenxephezelo yengozi .
Ukuqonda ukuvinjelwa kocansi
Ukuvinjelwa kokuziphatha ngokobulili (noma, ngokumane, ukuvimbela ukucansi) kusho ukulahlekelwa kwemithwalo yokuziphatha kwezocansi okubhekwa njengokungamukeleki noma okungathandeki emphakathini, ukubonakalisa ngokungahambi kahle, ukufunwa kwezinzwa nokuhlola okungekho emthethweni.
Ngenkathi leli gama livame ukunikezwa ekuziphatheni okuphakamisa ukugula kwengqondo noma ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, ingasetshenziswa ngokubanzi kunoma yikuphi ukuziphatha kobulili okubeka umuntu engozini yokugwema noma engadingekile-noma ngokulimala ngokomzimba noma ngokomzwelo; ukulimaza kwabanye; umonakalo ebuhlotsheni bomuntu siqu noma ubuchwepheshe; yesenzo sobugebengu noma sezomthetho; noma ngokuthola isifo socansi.
Ngenkathi u-sexuality (okungukuthi, izifiso zobulili ezivame kakhulu noma izifiso) zingaba yisici sokuvinjelwa kobulili, akunjalo neze. Futhi akuhlobene neze nokuhlukumezeka, ukuziphatha kabi noma okuphikisana nokuziphatha komphakathi (izici ezivame ukufakwa ngaphakathi komongo wesimo sokukhubazeka kokuziphatha).
Izimbangela zokuvimbela ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili zingabhekana nokukhathazeka okukhulu kwemitholampilo nokugula kwengqondo kuze kube nemibandela eminingi yemibono noma yokuziphatha komphakathi, kuhlanganise:
- Utshwala noma ukusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa
- Ukungaqondi kahle ngengozi yomuntu
- Ukungaqondisi kahle izinkomba zomphakathi noma imigomo
- Ukucindezeleka
- Ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili kwangaphambilini, (kubandakanya ukuhlukunyezwa kwengane)
- Intshisekelo yontanga noma i-group group (kufaka phakathi amanethiwekhi wesikole, ezenhlalakahle noma ezocansi)
Leli gama lisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuthunyelwa kwemilayezo yomphakathi kanye namanethiwekhi, lapho umuntu enza khona ngendlela evusa ucansi lapho ehambisa imiyalezo, ukuthumela imiyalezo (" ukuthumelela imiyalezo "), noma ukuthumela ku-intanethi - ngokuziphatha ngendlela ehlukile njengoba kungase ku-intanethi.
Ngaphakathi komongo we- HIV , ukuvimbela ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili kungase kube ukusabela ngokuqondile emizwa yokwesaba, intukuthelo, ukucindezeleka noma ukukhathazeka-hhayi kuphela kulabo abathintekayo. Abantu abangenayo i-HIV bangase babe nemizwa yokuphelelwa ithemba nokuphelelwa ithemba ("Ngizoyithola noma kunjalo") noma ukuzwa ukukhathala ikhondomu (aka ukukhathala ukukhathala) ngendlela yokushiya ukuziphatha okungabavikela.
Ngisho nalabo abanakho ukuqonda okuqinile ukudlulisela i-HIV nokuvimbela ngezinye izikhathi bangathonywa ngolwazi olwenza kabi ukuziphatha kocansi.
Izifundo eziningana, isibonelo, zibike amaconsi amancane ekusetshenzisweni kwekhondomu ngemuva kokusungulwa kwe-HIV ye-biomedical. Ngamafuphi, abantu bazovame ukuthatha ingozi enkulu uma bekholelwa-noma befuna ukukholelwa-ukuthi imiphumela noma ingozi ye-HIV ngandlela-thile ngaphansi.
Ukuqonda Ukuvuselelwa Kwengozi Yezocansi
Inkokhelo yengozi, ngokuphambene, isho ukuthi abantu bazoshintsha ukuziphatha kwabo ngokusekelwe kokubona kwabo engozini. Kuphakamisa ukuthi abantu abazikholelwa ukuthi bangengozini encane bayothatha amathuba amakhulu ngisho noma lokho kuhlolwa kungalungile noma kungenalwazi.
Ngaphakathi komongo we-HIV, isinxephezelo sezinhlekelele singase sinikeze imibono yokuthi umuntu ngandlela-thile angengozini yokutheleleka noma ukutheleleka kunalokho engase abe khona.
Lezi zindlela ngokuvamile zihambisana nokufakwa kwethuluzi lokuvimbela i-biomedical ezifana ne- HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) , ukwelashwa kwe-HIV njengokuvimbela (TasP) , noma ukusoka kwabesifazane ngokuzithandela (VMMC) .
Isibonelo, ngenkathi i-VMMC ibonise inzuzo ebalulekile ekunciphiseni izinga lokutheleleka kwe-HIV kubantu abathintekayo, ukucwaninga okulandelwayo kubonise ukuthi amadoda asokile angase ahlanganyele ekuziphatheni okungengozini enkulu uma ebona ukuthi ingozi yokutheleleka iyanciphisa. Ngokwenza kanjalo, indoda esanda kusokwa ingakwazi ukususa izinzuzo ze-VMMC ngokuzibandakanya emikhakheni ephezulu engcupheni ayeyigweme ngaphambilini.
Ngokufanayo, abantu abakholelwa ukuthi "bavikelekile" ngamakhondomu noma i-TasP bangalimaza inzuzo yokuvikelwa uma behlanganyela ocansini nabalingani abaningi-ikakhulukazi uma ukusetshenziswa kwekhondomu noma ukunamathela kwelashwa kungavumelani.
Umthelela Wengozi Yezocansi-Ukuthatha Ukudluliswa kwe-HIV
Nakuba kucacile ukuthi ukuthatha isandulela ngculazi kuzokwenza ukuthi, ngokwayo, kwandiswe amathuba okudluliselwa nge-HIV, isifundo se-2014 sihlose ukukhomba ukuthi umthelela wendlela yokuziphatha ekulinganisweni kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi e-Uganda, elinye lamazwe alithinte kakhulu izifo. Ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo kuye kwaphetha ngokuthi uma ukwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane (ART) kunikezwa ngesikhathi sokutheleleka, ukusabalalisa kwezwe le-HIV kungancipha ngo-2025 uma amazinga okuziphatha kocansi angengozini.
Kodwa-ke, uma amazinga ekhuphuka, inzuzo yendawo yonke ye-ART ingasuswa ngokuphelele, okwenza kube nokwanda kwenani labantu abanesandulela ngculaza.
Ngalokhu kuthiwa, kunobunye ubufakazi bokuthi ukuqaliswa kwe-ART kungase kuhlotshaniswe nokunciphisa ukubhekwa kocansi kwabanye abantu. Ucwaningo oluvela kwi-Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Health Public luthi abantu abafuna ukwelashwa kanye nokunakekelwa okhethekile nge-HIV banamathuba amaningi okuqonda izinto ezibangelwa ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza futhi ngaleyo ndlela bangenele ekuziphatheni kocansi okuyingozi.
Imiphumela efanayo yafakwa ezincwadini zokuhlola ukuthi zingakanani izinguquko ezenzweni zokuziphatha ngokobulili kubantu abangenalutho abafakwe kwizidakamizwa zokuvimbela i-HIV, iTruvada (eyaziwa nangokuthi i- HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis, noma i-PrEP ). Ukubuyekezwa kwezilingo eziyisikhombisa eziphakeme kakhulu ezisezingeni eliphezulu zisekela isiphetho sokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-PrEP kubantu abengozi engozini akubandakanyi nokukhushulwa kocansi okwenyuka noma ukukhuphuka kwezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi.
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