Ama-ovaries ayiyingxenye ebalulekile yentuthuko evamile nokusebenza kokuzala kwabesifazane.
Anatomy of the Ovaries
Ama-ovari yizinhlayiya (cishe ubukhulu nokuma kwe-alimondi) ohlelweni lwesibalo sokuzala lapho amaqanda agcinwa khona futhi i-estrogen ikhiqizwa. Zigcinwe endaweni eziningana ngezigamu ezinhlangothini zesibindi. Amaqanda athathwa kusuka kuma-ovari ukuya esibelethweni nge-tubespian tubes.
Ukuzungeze ukungena kwamatayipi angama-falsipian kukhona ama-fimbriae amancane, noma izilinganiso ezinjengamunwe, eziqondisa iqanda zibe yipayipi inyanga ngayinye.
I-Ovaries Nge-Lifespan
Owesifazane uzalwa nawo wonke amaqanda ayoke adinge, cishe ezigidini elilodwa kuma-ovari ngamunye. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, lapho cishe eyokuthola isikhathi sakhe sokuqala , inani lamaqanda ku-ovary ngalinye lizungeze 200,000 kuya ku-400,000. Ngesikhathi sokubeletha kwakhe, cishe amaqanda angaba ngu-300 kuya ku-500 azokhula futhi akhululwe ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa. Ngemuva kokuphuma esikhathini, ama-ovari azoyeka ukukhiqiza amaqanda, ne-atrophy (shrink). Ngenxa yokulahlekelwa kwe-ovarian nokulahleka kokukhiqizwa kwe-estrogen, abesifazane base-postmenopausal bavame ukuzwa izimpawu ezifana nokukhanya okushisayo nokumelela kwesisu. Ukuntuleka kwe-Estrogen kwandisa izingozi zabesifazane zokukhula kwe-osteoporosis, okwandisa ingozi yokuphuka kwamathambo.
Indima Ye-Ovaries Ekupheleni Kwesikhashana
Ngenkathi imijikelezo ingase ibe engavamile ekuqaleni, ekugcineni iyoba njalo njalo nezinsuku ezingaba ngu-28 phakathi kwezinsuku zokuqala zenkathi ngayinye.
Inyanga ngayinye, cishe izinhlamvu zamaqanda ezinama-10 kuya ku-12 zizoqala ukuthuthukisa. Omunye uzoqhubeka ekhiqiza iqanda elivuthiwe. Okunye kuzophinde kuphinde kubanjwe izicubu ze-ovari. Ezinsukwini ezingu-14 zibe ngumjikelezo wesifazane, lelo qanda elivuthiwe lizokhishwa ngenqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-ovulation. Ngemuva kokuvuthwa kwenzeka, i-follicle engenalutho iyaziwa njenge-corpus luteum.
Kuzokhiqiza i-progesterone namanye ama-hormone abalulekile ekukhulelwe cishe izinsuku ezingu-14.
I-progesterone isisiza ukulungiselela nokukhuphula umgqa wesibeletho sokufakelwa ukufakelwa uma ukukhulelwa kweqanda nge-sperm kwenzeka. Futhi, uma ukukhulelwa kwenzeka, lokhu kusekelwa kwe-hormonal kuzoqhubeka phakathi nokukhulelwa ukuvimbela amanye amaqanda ekukhuleni. Uma ukukhulelwa kungatholakali, amazinga e-progesterone azonqamuka, i-corpus luteum izokwenyuka, futhi ukuya esikhathini kuzoqala.
Umsebenzi wamaHolmonal wama-Ovari
Ama-ovari azwela imiphumela kanye nezinguquko zesimiso se-endocrine noma se-hormonal. Baphendula futhi bakhiqize amahomoni abo njengoba kudingeka umzimba. Eqinisweni, indima yesibili enkulu ye-ovary ukuvikela ama-hormone ocansi - i-estrogen, i-progesterone, ne-androgens encane kakhulu, okubangela ukuthi izici zobulili zesifazane zijwayele ukuthuthukisa nokugcinwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-ovari abuye aphendule ku- FSH ne-LH akhiqizwa ingqungquthela encane ebuchosheni okuthiwa i-pituitary gland. I-FSH, noma i-follicle evuselela i-hormone, ibangela izinga le-estrogen ukuba likhule futhi iqembu lama-folic follicles likhule ngenyanga. Njengoba i-follicle eyodwa iba namandla futhi ifinyelele ekuvuthweni, izinga le-estrogen eliphakeme lizokwenza i-LH (i-hormone i-luteinizing) iqhubekele, ivuse ukuvuthwa.
Okubalulekile
Ama-ovari namahomoni abawakhiqizayo (ikakhulukazi i-estrogen ne-progesterone) badlala umsebenzi obalulekile ekugugeni kwabesifazane.
Umthombo:
I-North American Menopause Society. (2014). Umkhuba Wokumisa Isikhathi: Umhlahlandlela Wabahlengikazi, 5th ed. Mayfield Heights, OH: I-North American Menopause Society.