Sibutsetelo
I-Narcan, eyaziwa ngegama elivamile elithi Naloxone Hydrochloride, i-opioid agonist-imithi engasiza ekuphikeleni imiphumela yemithi yama-opioid efana ne-morphine, i-oxycodone ne-heroin. Le mithi inikezwa uma umuntu ethatha imithi eningi kakhulu futhi ubhekana nezibonakaliso nezimpawu zokudlula ngokweqile, okuvame ukuhlanganisa ukungena nokuphefumula kancane kancane.
I-Narcan imithi ephuthumayo, enikezwe ukuvimbela ukufa ngenxa yokudlula ngokweqile, kaningi ngabaqeqeshiwe abaqeqeshiwe bezempilo. Kwezinye izimo, ilunga lomndeni noma othandekayo lingaphinde linikeze le mithi uma litholakala. Ngenxa yokushintsha imithetho e-United States, i-Narcan iyatholakala kakhulu kunayo yonke imithi yokwelashwa. Kwezinye uthi akukho isidakamizwa esidingekayo ukuze uthole le mithi ekhemisi.
Okwenza i-Narcan isetshenziswe
Imiphumela yocingo elikhulu kakhulu noma iyiphi i-opioid ingaba nzima futhi isongela ukuphila. Ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula nokuhluleka kokuphefumula, okusho ukuthi umuntu uhlale ekhulelwe ukuze aphefumule ngokwanele ukusekela isidingo somzimba we-oxygen, angaholela ekufeni. Ukudlula ngokweqile nakho kubangela ukungaphenduli, kuzokwenza abafundi bavumelane kuze kube yilapho bebancane kakhulu, kungabangela ukwehla komfutho wegazi futhi ekugcineni kungabangela ukufa uma isiguli singatholi ukwelashwa ngokushesha.
U-Narcan uphenduka imiphumela ye-opioids, okuyizidakamizwa ezenziwe esitshalweni se-poppy futhi kuhloswe ukuthi zisetshenziselwe ukuphatha ubuhlungu.
Isebenza kokubili imithi yokuhlunguphazwa kwemithi kanye nezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni, njenge-heroin. Ayisebenzi kwezinye izinhlobo zemithi yokwehla.
Izinkomba
I-Narcan isetshenziselwa esimweni esiphuthumayo ukuguqula imiphumela yokudlula ngokweqile. Uma isiguli singaphenduli noma sinzima kakhulu ukuvuka futhi sibuyele emuva ngokushesha, lokhu kungaba uphawu lokudlula ngokweqile.
Ukuphuza kancane kancane noma ukuphefumula nhlobo kuyisibonakaliso esinamandla sokuthi ukudlula ngokweqile kwenzeka. Ukushaya kwenhliziyo kuvame ukuhamba kancane kunokujwayelekile. Isiguli singase sibe nezindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma sibonakale sibala. Ukungenelela okusheshayo kubalulekile ukulondoloza impilo yomuntu obhekene nokudlula ngokweqile.
Lapho lezi ezinye izimpawu nezimpawu zivela, ukusetshenziswa kukaNarcan kulungile. Imiphumela isheshayo futhi ngokuvamile isiguli siphakamisa ngokuphelele emaminithini amabili kokuthola imithi, futhi ingase ivuke esimweni esicasulayo noma esiqaphile kakhulu. Ukuvuka ngokuzumayo emva kokuphathwa kukaNarcan kubhekwa njengesiqiniseko sokuthi ukunqotshwa kwe-opioid kwenzeke.
Ukusetshenziswa kukaNarcan kuphansi, njengoba imithi ingenakwenzeka ukulimaza umuntu ocatshangwa ukuthi upheqa ngokweqile, kulokhu, ukulimala okungase kungabikho kokusebenzisa uNarcan kuzodlula kakhulu izingozi zokusebenzisa uNarcan.
Sebenzisa emva kokuhlinzwa
Abantu abahlinzwayo kaningi banikwa imithi ye-opioid ukusiza ngobuhlungu ababuzwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa . Le mithi inganikezwa yi-IV, ithebhulethi noma iphilisi, noma iphathwe njenge-patch. Njengoba ubuhlungu buyingxenye evamile yokuphulukiswa ngemva kokuhlinzwa, ukuphathwa kwemithi yobuhlungu ngemva kokuhlinzwa kuvamile.
Umthamo omkhulu wama-opioid, noma ukuhlanganisa imithi eminingi eyanciphisa ikhono lomuntu lokuphefumula kungaholela ekudleni ngokweqile. Le mithi ingafaka imishanguzo yobuhlungu, isiraphu yokukhwehlela yesidakamizwa, ama-antihistamines (njenge- Benadryl ), imishanguzo yokulwa nokukhathazeka (njenge- Ativan ), kanye nemithi yokulala. Ingozi yokudlula ngokweqile iphezulu kakhulu uma umuntu enikezwa imithi eminingi eyaziwa ukuthi ibangele ukudalwa. Ezimweni eziningi, umphumela we-sedation usho ukuthi isiguli silele futhi silele ngaphezu kokujwayelekile, kodwa amacala amakhulu kakhulu adinga ukungenelela ngokushesha.
Ingozi yokudlula ngokweqile uma kuhlanganiswa imithi yobuhlungu neminye imishanguzo yokudambisa iphakeme uma isiguli singayithathi imithi njalo.
Nakuba kungavamile, ezinye zalezi ziguli zizobhekana nemiphumela yemithi ebuhlungu kakhulu enamandla ngokwanele ukuze idinga ukuguqulwa okusheshayo kwe-opioid emzimbeni wabo.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-overdoses kanti uNarcan usebenza kuphela ukuguqula imiphumela ye-opioids. Isiguli esinikezwe imithi eminingi yokulala noma imithi yokukhathazeka ngeke isisize imithi. Isiguli esinikezwe imishanguzo eminingi ehlanganisa i-opioids ingase ibe nenzuzo ethile, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi uNarcan uzosebenza kuphela ukuguqula ingxenye ye-opioid yokudlula ngaphezulu, hhayi enye imithi isiguli esingazange siyithathe.
Ukuphatha
I-Narcan imithi yokwelashwa enganikezwa nge-IV noma njenge-spray ye-nasal. Esendaweni yesibhedlela, uNarcan uvame ukunikezwa nge-IV. Esikhathini sokubeka iziguli, noma uma i-EMS iphendula ucingo lokudlula ngokweqile, ukufiphala kwe-nasal kuyasetshenziswa ngoba akudingi ukuthi IV iqaliswe ngaphambi kokuba imithi inikezwe.
Uma unikezwa nge-IV, le mithi inikezwa abahlinzeki bezempilo abaqeqeshiwe.
Uma imithi inikezwa njenge-spray ye-nasal, noma ubani angakwazi ukuphatha lesi sidakamizwa. Uma isiguli kucatshangwa ukuthi siyadlula, 9-1-1 kufanele isetshenziswe njengoba isiguli sidinga ukwelashwa okungeziwe noma ngabe i-Narcan iyasebenza. U-Narcan akufanele anikezwe uma isiguli singabonisi izimpawu zokudlula ngokweqile.
Isiguli kufanele siphenduke ukuze sibe nesibhakabhaka emhlane, futhi ukufiphaza komzimba kufanele kufakwe emakhaleni. Isidakamizwa sinikezwa ngokuxosha i-plunger emithini yokwelapha imithi ngqo emmpeni. Uma le mithi ingasebenzi, faka isifutho sesibili semisipha kwenye i-nostril bese uphinda umthamo emizuzu emibili kuya kwemibili. Uma isiguli singasabeli, qhubeka uhambisa imithi njalo imizuzu emibili kuya kwemibili uma isiguli singasabeli, ngenkathi silinde ukuba i-ambulensi ifike.
Uma isiguli sishiya ukuphefumula, qalisa i- CPR bese uqhubeka ne-CPR kuze kube yilapho isiguli siqala ukuphefumula noma i-EMS ifika ukuyithatha. Qhubeka namanani we-Narcan uma kunezilinganiso ezengeziwe ezitholakalayo, kuze kube yilapho isiguli siphendula noma i-EMS ifika.
I-Narcan ye-spray nasal ayikwazi ukuphinda isetshenziswe, uma isiguli sidinga ukulinganisa okuningi kufanele unikeze amanani oyitholayo kodwa amanani angeziwe angeke atholakale kusuka ku-spray yangasese esetshenzisiwe.
Ukuphinda I-Dose
Kwezinye izimo, imiphumela kaNarcan ingase isebenze isikhashana bese isiguli siqala ukukhombisa izimpawu zokudlula ngaphezulu. Kulesi simo, umthamo ungadinga ukuphindaphinda ukuze uvimbele imiphumela eqhubekayo ye-opioids emzimbeni. Umthamo owodwa weNarcan kungenzeka ukuthi awunelisekile ukulwa nama-opioid ekusakazeni kwegazi kwesiguli futhi kuvamile ukuba kube nemingcele eminingi enikezwayo. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuthi i-EMS (911) isebenze ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka lapho kwenzeka ukudlula ngokweqile, njengoba abantu abaningi bengenakho ukukala okuningi kwe-Narcan okutholakala kalula.
Izingozi
Ingozi eyinhloko kaNarcan yukuthi ingabangela ukuhoxiswa ngokushesha kuma-opioid kubantu abasebenzisa izidakamizwa. Lolu hlobo lokulutha umuthi lungabuka ekusetshenzisweni kokusetshenziswa kwemithi enqunyelwe isikhathi eside noma ngokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni ezifana ne-heroin. Lapho kunikwa i-Narcan ngokushesha imisa imiphumela ye-opioids futhi ingathumela isiguli ukuba ihoxise ngokushesha. Lezi zimpawu zihlanganisa: ukucwenga, ukuhlanza, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ukujuluka, izitho zomzimba, izimpande zesisu, ukugaya, ikhala eligijima, umkhuhlane, i-goose iqhuma, ukucindezela kwezinga eliphezulu nephansi kwegazi kanye nokushintsha kwenhliziyo.
Ezimweni ezingavamile ukuphathwa ngokuzumayo kukaNarcan kungaholela ekutheni ukuhoxiswa. Lokhu kungaba yinkimbinkimbi enkulu, ikakhulukazi emncane kakhulu nakakhulu kakhulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kubantu abaziwa ukuthi banomlutha we-opioids umthamo omncane kunazo zonke zikaNarcan usetshenziselwa ukumisa ukudlula ngokweqile kodwa okwanele ukuguqula yonke imithi emzimbeni.
UNarcan akanakho ukuhlukumeza okungenzeka futhi kubhekwa njengokuphephile kokusetshenziswa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imithi ingabangela izimpawu zokuhoxisa kokubili umama kanye nesisu uma umama engumlutha we-opioids. Ayaziwa uma i-Narcan iphephile ukusetshenziswa kwabesifazane abancancisayo.
I-Narcan ingasetshenziselwa ngokuphepha ezithombeni eziningi zezingane, nomthamo esekelwe ngobukhulu besiguli. Ukuhoxiswa ngokungazelelwe kwama-opioid ezinsana eziye zathola imithi yokwelashwa ejwayelekile ingaba nzima futhi zisongela ukuphila.
Ukutholakala
I-Narcan ihlukile ngoba ingabekwa kumuntu ohlose ukuyihambisa komunye umuntu. Emazweni aseMelika imithi yokwelashwa ihlale iqondiswe kumuntu ozoyithatha. Ngokomthetho, imiyalelo ayibhaliwe egameni lomuntu oyedwa ngenhloso yokuthi umuntu ohlukile ayithathe, futhi kufanele agcinwe esitsheni sokuqala negama lomuntu obekiwe kuye. I-Narcan yiyona into ephawulekayo kule mithetho nemithetho. Imithetho iye yasungulwa eziningi ezivumela ukuthi uNarcan abekwe futhi agcwaliswe umuntu ohlose ukuyisebenzisa ukuze asindise omunye umuntu. Isibonelo, imithi kadokotela kaNarcan inganikwa umzali onomlutha wengane ku-heroin, ukuyisebenzisa uma kwenzeka ukudlula ngokweqile. Lokhu kwenza iNarcan iyingqayizivele emhlabeni wemithi yokwelashwa.
Isitoreji Esifanele
I-Narcan izwela kokubili ukushisa nokukhanya. Ayinakubekezelela ukuvezwa kwamazinga okushisa angaphezu kwengu-104 ngakho akumele igcinwe emotweni noma kwezinye izindawo lapho ukushisa kungase kube ngokweqile. Ngokuvamile, imithi kufanele igcinwe endaweni ehlanzekile, eyomile nepholile.
> Umthombo:
> Imithi yokuguqulwa kwesidlo se-opioid. https://www.drugs.com/condition/reversal-of-opioid-sedation.html
> Narcan Ukuchaza Ulwazi. https://www.narcan.com/pdf/NARCAN-Ukubhala-Information.pdf