I-coronary artery disease (CAD) yisimo lapho i- plaque ikwakhiwa khona ezindongeni ze- coronary arteries (izitsha ezihlinzeka ngegazi emzimbeni wenhliziyo). Lezi zinhlamvu zinganciphisa kancane kancane umthambo, noma zingakwazi ukuphuka ngokungazelelwe, okwenza kube nzima ukuvimbela. Ngenxa yokuthi imisipha yenhliziyo idinga ukwenziwa okuqhubekayo kwe-oksijeni nezakhi zokuphila, ukuvinjelwa komzimba we-coronary ngokushesha kuholela ezinkingeni ezibalulekile.
I-CAD ibangelwa yi- atherosclerosis . I-aestrosclerosis iyinkinga engapheliyo, eqhubekayo ye- arteries lapho i-deposits ye-cholesterol, i-calcium, namaseli angavamile (okuyi-plaques) akha phezu kwesikhala sangaphakathi se-arteries.
Imiphumela ye-Atherosclerosis
Lezi zingqimba zingabangela ukwehlisa kancane kancane komthamo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukugeleza kwegazi ku-artery kuba nzima kakhulu. Lapho isithiyo siba sikhulu ngokwanele, isiguli singase sibhekane ne-angina.
U-Angina ubhekisela ezimpawu ongase uzizwe noma nini lapho imisipha yenhliziyo ingatholi okwanele ukugeleza kwegazi emithanjeni ye-coronary. U-Angina uvame ukuzwa sengathi akazwa kahle (ngokuvamile ubuhlungu obucindezelayo) ngaphakathi noma eduze nesifuba, amahlombe, intamo noma izingalo.
I-angina enezintambo i-angina eyenzeka ngemfashini engalindeleke, isibonelo, ngokuzikhandla noma emva kokudla okukhulu. Ngokuvamile i-angina eqinisiwe isho ukuthi i-plaque isibe sikhulu ngokwanele ukukhiqiza ukuvinjelwa okuyingxenye ye-artery coronary.
Uma umuntu onama-angina ozinzile ephumula, umcibisholo ovinjiwe kancane uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zenhliziyo yesisu. Kodwa uma lowo muntu esebenzisa, (noma unezinye izingcindezi ezenza inhliziyo isebenze kanzima), ukuvinjelwa kuvimbela ukukhushulwa okwanele ekugezeni kwegazi kuya enhlungwini yenhliziyo, futhi i-angina ivela.
U-angina ozinzile ngokuvamile usho ukuthi kukhona i-plaque ebalulekile emgodini we-coronary okuvimbela kancane ukugeleza kwegazi.
Ngaphezu kokubangela ukuvinjelwa ngokunyuka kancane kancane ngobukhulu babo, amacwecwe nawo angaphansi kokuphazamiseka okungazelelwe, okungabangela ukuvinjelwa okungazelelwe. Izimo zezokwelapha ezibangelwa ukuqhekeka kwe-plaque zibizwa ngokuthi i- Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). I-ACS ihlale isifo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha .
Angina engazinzile yiluhlobo olulodwa lwe-ACS. I-angina engazinzile kwenzeka lapho i-plaque iphukile kancane, okwenza kube khona ukuqhuma okungazelelwe kokuvinjelwa emthini. Ngokungafani nama-angina azinzile, izibonakaliso zengculaza engazinzile zivele zingalindelekile, (okungukuthi, azihlobene ikakhulukazi nokucindezela noma ukucindezeleka), futhi ngokuphawulekayo, zivame ukuba khona ekuphumuleni. (Elinye igama le-angina elingaguquki "liphumule i-angina.") Iziguli ezine-angina engazinzile zisengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa ukutholakala okuphelele komthambo we-coronary, okuholela ekutheni i-myocardial infarction .
I-infarction ye-myocardial , noma ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo, ifomu elibi kakhulu le-ACS. Lapha, i-plaque ephukile idala ukutholakala okuphelele (noma okuphelele) kwesiteji se- coronary , ukuze imisipha yenhliziyo ehlinzekwe yilo mshini ifa. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlasela kwenhliziyo kungukufa kwenhliziyo.
Ukungathí sina kwe- infarction ye-myocardial kuncike ekutheni isisindo senhliziyo siswele kangakanani. Ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo encane yilapho ingxenye encane kuphela yezinhlanzi zenhliziyo ifa. Ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo enkulu yilapho ingxenye enkulu yemisipha yenhliziyo ifa.
Uma isiguli sithola usizo lwezokwelapha phakathi namahora ambalwa kokuqala kwesifo senhliziyo, ubukhulu besifo senhliziyo singancishiswa kakhulu ngokuphatha " izidakamizwa eziphuthumayo ," noma ngokwenza i- angioplasty esheshayo (futhi kaningi, i- stenting ) ukuvula umthamo ovinjiwe.
Ngemuva kokusinda kwesifo senhliziyo, isiguli sisengozini. Ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo okuqhubekayo kungenzeka uma kunezikhala eziningi ezikhona emithanjeni ye-coronary .
Futhi, kuye ngokuthi inani lezinhlanzi zenhliziyo elonakalisiwe, isiguli singakha ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo . Ngaphezu kwalokho, imisipha yenhliziyo eyonakele ingabangela ukungahlali unomphela ohlelweni lwegesi lwenhliziyo, okungaholela ekuboshweni komzimba ngokungazelelwe . Ngakho emva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, zonke lezi zingozi kudingeka zihlolwe ngokucophelela, futhi izinyathelo kudingeka zithathwe ukunciphisa ngayinye yalezi zingozi ngangokunokwenzeka. Nansi ulwazi oluthe xaxa ekunciphiseni ubungozi ngemuva kokusinda kwesifo senhliziyo .
Ukuvimbela Kungumuthi Omuhle kakhulu
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokubhekana nesifo se-artery coronary , Yebo, ukuyivimbela. Sonke kufanele senze konke esingakwenza ukuze sinciphise izici ze-CAD eziyingozi .
Kulabo abasenayo i-CAD, ukunciphisa lezi zinto eziyingozi kubaluleke nakakhulu, ukuze kunciphise ukuqhubeka kwesifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinyathelo eziningana zokwelapha i-CAD, kuhlanganise nokwelapha izidakamizwa , ukwelashwa okuhlinzekwayo , kanye ne-angioplasty kanye ne-stenting. Ukwelashwa kwe-CAD njalo kudingeke ukuba kube ngabanye, futhi ukwelashwa okusemqoka kuxhomeke ekucatshangweni ngokucophelela kwazo zonke izinketho, odokotela kanye nesiguli.
> Imithombo
> McGovern, PG, Pankow, JS, Shahar, E, et al. Amathrendi wakamuva ku-Acute Coronary Heart Disease - Ukufa, Ukulimala, Ukunakekelwa Kwezokwelapha, kanye Nezici Zengozi. Abaphenyi Bokuhlola Inhliziyo Ye-Minnesota Heart. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 884.
> Rosamond, WD, Chambless, LE, Folsom, AR, et al. Amathrendi Ekungeneni KweMyocardial Infarction nasekufeni ngenxa yezifo zenhliziyo yeCoronary, 1987 kuya ku-1994. N Eng J J 1998; 339: 861.