Ingozi ye-meningitis inganciphisa kakhulu ngezindlela ezisebenzayo nezindlela zokwelapha. Amacala amaningi okuthiwa i-meningitis ayasakazeka, futhi ingxenye enkulu yokuvimbela i-meningitis isekelwe ekugwemeni nasekulawuleni izifo ezingase zibangele i-meningitis.
Ezinye izinhlobo ze-meningitis azilutholi, futhi ukwazi lezi zimbangela kungakusiza ukunciphisa amathuba akho okuthuthukisa izinhlobo ezingenasifo ezithathelwanayo ze-meningitis.
Indlela yokuphila
Izifo ezithathelwanayo ezibangelwa i-meningitis zivame kakhulu emvelweni. Ungathatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa amathuba akho okuthuthukisa i-meningitis ngokugwema lezi zifo ngangokunokwenzeka. Izinsana, abantu abanomzimba omzimba obuthakathaka, kanye nabantu asebekhulile, basengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa i-meningitis, futhi bangase babe nesifundo esibi kakhulu sezifo ezinezinkinga ezingaphezulu. Uma unakekela umuntu osesinye salezi zigaba ezisengozi, qaphela indlela yokuphila izici zokuvimbela kubaluleke kakhulu.
- Hlakulela ukuhlanzeka okuhle: Izindlela zokuziphatha kanye nezindlela zokuhlala, ezifana nokugeza izandla, ukuhlunga izandla, nokulahla izicubu ezisetshenzisiwe, kungasiza ukugcina izifo ezithathelwanayo ezibangelwa i-meningitis. Uma ugxila izandla nabantu abaningi esimweni sebhizinisi, ngokwesibonelo, kuwumkhuba omuhle ukugeza ngezikhathi ezithile izandla zakho ukuze ugweme ukuthola ukutheleleka.
- Gwema izinto ezithintana / zokuhlanganyela nabantu abangase babe nesifo: Izifo ezenza ukuba i-meningitis zithathelwana. Ngezinye izikhathi, umuntu angaba nesifo, njengenkukhu yenkukhu, ngaphandle kokuba ne-meningitis. Kodwa ukutheleleka kungabangela i-meningitis komunye umuntu obamba igciwane. Uma ukwazi ukugwema ukutheleleka ngokugwema izisebenzi ezingase zigule, ukukhuthaza ozakwabo noma abangane bakho ukuba bahlale ekhaya uma begula, ungasiza ekunciphiseni ukusabalala kwezifo.
- Gwema ukuhlala nabanye: Vala izindawo zokuhlala, ezifana nasezindaweni zasekolishi, noma endaweni yokulwa, ungakwandisa amathuba okuthola isifo sengculaza. Ukuphila wedwa akuyona into engokoqobo, ngoba abantu abaningi abafuni ukuhlala ngaphandle kohlobo noma umndeni kuze kube phakade. Noma kunjalo, uma unesifo sokuzivikela, kuwumqondo omuhle ukugwema ukuhlala namaqembu amakhulu abantu.
Imithi
Eminye imithi ingavimbela izimbangela ezivame kakhulu ze-meningitis. Ayikho imishanguzo yokuvikela zonke izimbangela ze-meningitis, njenge- E. coli noma i- Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.
- Umuthi wokugoma we- Haemophilus influenzae hlobo (Hib): Umgomo wokuvikela u-Hib uvikela izingane ezincane ngokumelene ne- pneumonia , i-bacteria (ukutheleleka kwegazi), i-epiglottitis nezinye izifo ezibangelwa yi- Haemophilus influenzae hlobo b bactria. Izingane zivame ukuqala ukuthola ukugonywa kwe-Hib uma zinezinyanga ezimbili ubudala, ziphela nge-booster dose uma zinezinyanga ezingu-12 kuya kwezi-15 ubudala.
- Imishanguzo ye-Meningococcal ivimbela izifo eziningi ze- Neisseria meningitides
- I-MenHibrix ihlanganisa umgomo womabili amaHib kanye namaqembu omndeni C and Y ezinsana ezithintekayo ezingenengozini yokuthola izifo ze-meningococcal
- I-pneumococcal (Prevnar) evimbela ukutheleleka okuningi kwe- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Umgomo wokugoma
- Umgomo wokugoma inkukhu
Imithi ye-Meningococcal
Imishanguzo ye-meningococcal ivikela emithonjeni eminingana ye- Neisseria meningitidis bacteria, engabangela i-meningitis ne-meningococemia, isifo sobungozi besandulela igazi. Lezi zitofu ezinezikhathi ezivikelayo zivikela ngokumelene namasogroups e-meningococcal A, C, Y, ne-W-135.
Imishanguzo ye-Meningococcal ihlanganisa:
- Imithi ye-Menactra - MCV4 ehlanganisa amaseva we-serogroups A, C, W, Y
- Menveo - Umgomo wokugoma we-MCV4 ohlanganisa ama-serogroups A, C, W, Y
- I-MenHibrix - ihlanganisa i-Hib plus serogroups C noY kuphela
- I-Bexsero - I-MenB yokugoma ihlanganisa serogroup B kuphela
- I-Trumenba - I-MenB yokugoma ihlanganisa serogroup B kuphela
Njengamanje kunconywa ukuthi i-Menactra noma i-Menveo inganikezwa kubo bonke abantwana ekusebenzeni kwabo kahle ingane kudokotela wabo uma beneminyaka engu-11 noma engu-12 ubudala. Intsha kufanele iphinde ithole lapho iqalisa isikole esiphakeme noma uma ihlala e-dorm ekolishi futhi ingakutholi umuthi wokugoma wamadoda okwamanje.
Ngokusho kwe-CDC, i-Menactra noma i-Menveo nayo yanconywa amaqembu alandelayo:
- Ukuqashwa kwezempi zase-US
- Noma ubani ohambayo, noma ohlala kuyo, yingxenye yezwe lapho izifo ze-meningococcal zivamile, njengezingxenye ze-Afrika
- Noma ubani one-pleen ewonakele, noma isipelo sakhe sisusiwe
- Noma ubani onokuphela uncedisa ukulahlekelwa kwezinto (i-immune system disorder)
- Abantu okungenzeka bavezwe ku-meningitis ngesikhathi sokuqubuka
- I-microbiologists ejwayele ukubonakala emabhaktheriya e-meningococcal
- Imishanguzo ye-MenB nayo yanconywa ngesikhathi sokuqubuka.
Izingane ezincane kakhulu ngeke zithole umuthi wokugaya umndeni. Uma ingane yakho isenqenqemeni ephezulu, ingathola umgomo ngesikhathi esincane:
- MenHibrix kusukela ekuqaleni kwamasonto ayisithupha
- I-Menveo iqala ezinyangeni ezingu-2
- I-Menactra eqala ezinyangeni ezingu-9
- I-Bexsero noma i-Trumenba eqala eminyakeni engu-10
Ukukhathazeka Ngokuphathelene Nemigomo
- Njengemigomo eminingi okwamanje enikezwe izingane, i-Menactra, i-Menveo, i-Bexsero, ne-Trumenba konke akukhululekile kwe-thimerosal nezinye izivimbela. Nakuba kungekho isixhumanisi esiqinisekisiwe phakathi kwe-thimerosal, i-mercury, ne-autism, ukuthi le mishanguzo emisha ayinayo imithi yokuvimbela kungenzeka ukuthi izindaba ezamukelekayo kubazali abaningi.
Imithi
Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kunganciphisa noma kwandise amathuba akho okuthuthukisa i-meningitis, nakuba umthelela wemithi ku-meningitis awunamandla njengoba umthelela wezinto zokuphila nokugoma.
Ukwelapha Izifo
Izifo ezenza i-meningitis zingathinta nezinye izinhlelo zomzimba, njengendlela yokuphefumula. Ukwelapha ezinye izifo ngokushesha, ngaphambi kokuba uthuthuke, kunganciphisa amathuba akho okuthuthukisa i-meningitis. Ama-antibiotics noma ama-antiviral angavimbela ezinye izifo ukuba zihlukumeze kwezinye izimo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi udokotela wakho ukhathazekile ukuthi ukutheleleka kungathuthuka futhi kubangele ukuthi i-meningitis isekelwe kuzici zempilo yakho nokutheleleka kwakho. Kungenzeka ukuthi usengozini yokuthola i-meningitis uma unesifo somzimba sokuzivikela noma uma uke waba nabantu abaye bahlakulela i-meningitis, njengesikhathi sokuqubuka.
Ukuqapha imithi
Kukhona imithi ethile engabangela i-meningitis. Ukuthuthukisa i-meningitis ekuphenduleni imithi akuvamile. Kodwa, ukuqaphela ngalokhu kusebenza kungakusiza ukuba uthole usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha, ukuze odokotela bakho bakwazi ukulungisa imithi yakho uma kudingeka. Ngokuvamile, akuyona umqondo omuhle ukusebenzisa imithi kadokotela noma imithi engaphezu kwemithi, ikakhulukazi uma unesimo lapho imithi engakaze iboniswe khona.
Imithi eye yabangela izimo ezingavamile ze-meningitis:
- Ama-NSAID
- Ama-antimicrobial, njenge-trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,
- Immunoglobulins
- Immunosuppresants
- Imithi ye-Chemotherapeutic
- Imithi ye-intrathecal- imithi elawulwa ngokusebenzisa umthambo wesipelingi
Imithombo:
> Bruner KE, Coop CA, White KM. I-aseptic meningitis-i-aseptic meningitis-i-trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-hhayi nje enye i-sulfa. Ann Ukuzivocavoca Isifo Somoya Immunol. 2014 Nov; 113 (5): 520-6. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.anai.2014.08.006. Epub 2014 Sep 17.
> I-Kepa L Oczko-Grzesik B, i-Stolarz W, i-Sobala-Szczygiel B. I-aseptic meningitis eyenziwe ngamakhemikhali ezindaweni ezisolakala ukuthi ziyizifo zesifo sezinzwa. J Clin Neurosci. 2005 Jun; 12 (5): 562-4.