Izimpawu ze-Pneumonia ku-Children ziphuthelwa kalula
I-pneumonia ezinganeni ingaba nzima ukubona njengoba izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zivame ukuhluka kulabo abadala. Yiziphi izimpawu nezimpawu okufanele uzibheke, yiziphi izimbangela ezivamile ezibangelwa ukuphefumula emantwaneni, futhi ziphathwa kanjani?
I-Pneumonia e-Children
I-pneumonia isifo noma ukuvuvukala kwamapayipi lapho izingane zibhekene nengozi ikakhulukazi.
Ngokuvame ukulandela umkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane, i-pneumonia ingathinta eyodwa noma zombili amaphaphu. Uma une-pneumonia, ama-air bags ( alveoli ) emaphashini akho agcwaliswe ngamapayipi noma enye i-liquid kanye ne-oxygen inenkinga yokufinyelela egazini lakho.
E-United States, i-pneumonia ezinganeni ayesabi njengoba yayingaphambi kokufika kwama-antibiotic kanye nokugoma. Kodwa emhlabeni jikelele kuyisimo esiyinhloko. Emhlabeni wonke, i-pneumonia iyimbangela eholela ekufeni kwabantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu, ngokuvamile ngenxa yokungabi namagciwane nemithombo yezokwelapha.
Izimbangela ze-Pneumonia e-Children
Kubantu abadala, umphakathi otholakala yi-pneumonia uvame ukubangelwa amabhaktheriya, ikakhulukazi i- Streptococcus pneumoniae . Izingane nazo zitholakale ne-pneumonia yebhaktheriya, kepha ukukhubazeka kubantwana kubangelwa ukutheleleka ngegciwane, noma ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya "okulukhuni" njenge-Mycoplasma.
Izimbangela ezivamile ze- pneumonia egazini ezinganeni zifaka:
- I-virus ye-respiratory sycytial (i-RSV) - I- RSV ivame ukuba ngumzali wengane encane yokukhwehlela nokukhwehlela okungapheli, futhi iyimbangela ebalulekile ye-pneumonia ezinganeni ezincane. Kuvame kakhulu phakathi kukaNovemba no-Ephreli, futhi kuvame ukulandela izinsuku ezimbalwa zempawu zokuphefumula ezingaphezulu njengekhala eligijima. Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili zisengozini kakhulu.
- I-Parainfluenza virus
- I-Adenovirus
- I-Coronovirus
- Umkhuhlane
- I-metapneumovirus yabantu (hMPV)
I-pneumonia yebhaktheriya ivela ezinganeni nakubantu abadala, kodwa ngokuvamile ihlobene namabhaktheriya ahlukene. Ibhaktheriya evame kakhulu kubangelwa izingane:
- I-Mycoplasma pneumoniae (ukuhamba kwe-pneumonia) - I-Mycoplasma ehlobene ne-pneumonia ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi ihamba nge-pneumonia ngoba ngokuvamile ayinzima kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo ze-pneumonia yebhaktheriya (ngamanye amazwi, abantu bayahamba ngoba bengaguli.) Kwezinye izimo, Nokho, izimpawu zingase zibe nzima kakhulu. Ukuhamba nge-pneumonia kuvame ukuhlala amasonto amaningana.
- I-Streptococcus pneumoniae (i- pneumonia pneumococcal) - I-pneumonia ye-pneumococcal iyimbangela ehamba phambili ye-pneumonia kubantu abadala futhi ingaba khona nasezingane. Ngokujabulisayo, ukugoma kuncishise izigameko zalolu hlobo lwe-pneumonia ezinganeni eminyakeni yamuva.
- I-Haemophilus influenzae hlobo b (Hib) - I-pneumonia ngenxa ye-H. flu uye nayo yanda kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva ngenxa yokugoma.
Kunezinye izimbangela eziningi ze-pneumonia, futhi lezi zibaluleke kakhulu ezinganeni ezingenakuzivikela ngenxa yezinkinga ngamasosha omzimba, i-chemotherapy, noma ukutheleleka nge-HIV.
Ezinhlobonhlobo ze-pneumonia ezibalwe ngenhla, i-pneumonia ye-viral ivame kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane kakhulu, kuyilapho ukuhamba kwe-pneumonia kuvame ukubonakala esikoleni esikhulile izingane.
Yini Okungahle Ibe Ngayo?
Izimpawu ze-pneumonia ziyawela nezinye izimo eziningi zobuntwana. Ukushisa okuvamile kungabangela izimpawu ezifana ne-pneumonia, futhi isibungu se-pneumonia sivame ukuvela ngemva kokutheleleka kokuphefumula okwenza kube nzima ukuhlukanisa. I-pneumonia ingaba nzima ukuhlukanisa ne-bronchitis ezinganeni kanye nokuzibandakanya okukhulu okuphawulekayo. Ngokuvamile, izingane zivame ukubonakala zingagula kakhulu nge-bronchitis kunokuba i-pneumonia. Ukukhwehlela okukhwehlela ukukhwehlela (pertussis) ngezinye izikhathi kungalingisa izimpawu zepneumonia.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngisho nokugoma, izingane zingase zithuthukise ukutheleleka.
I-asthma ingabangela ukuqhuma nokukhwehlela okufana ne-pneumonia futhi kungase kube nzima ukuhlukanisa ngokusekelwe izimpawu zodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubonakala sengathi kukhona ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-mycoplasma pneumonia ne-asthma . Ezinye izimo ezifana ne-acid reflux zingabangela ukukhwehlela, kodwa ngokuvamile akunamfiva ohambisana nawo.
Yeka ukuthi i-Pneumonia ejwayelekile kangakanani kuzingane?
I-pneumonia itholakala ngamaphesenti angaba amane ezingane e-United States unyaka ngamunye, ngezinga eliphezulu kakhulu ezinganeni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga ezingu-12. Izingane ezithola inyumoniya ngaphezu kunye ngonyaka owodwa zingase zibe nenkinga ngesimiso sokuzivikela komzimba futhi kufanele zihlolwe ngokucophelela.
Izimpawu ze-Pneumonia Ezinganeni
Kubantu abadala, ngokuvamile i-pneumonia iyasolwa lapho umuntu eba nomkhuhlane nokukhwehlela. Kodwa nezingane, noma kunjalo, izimpawu zingaba zicashile futhi zihlukahlukene kakhulu. Izimpawu zokulalela ezinganeni zingabandakanya:
- I-Fever - Ngezinye izikhathi isibonakaliso kuphela sokuthi umntwana angase abe ne-pneumonia kuba khona komkhuhlane .
- Isilinganiso sokuphefumula esiphuthumayo (i-tachypnea) - Isilinganiso sokuphefumula, esaziwa ngokwemithi ngokuthi "tachypnea" singaba uphawu olubalulekile lwe-pneumonia ezinganeni. Isilinganiso sokuphefumula ngeshwa ngokuvamile sibizwa ngokuthi "uphawu olubalulekile olunakekelwe" futhi nakuba lukwazi ukunikeza ulwazi olubalulekile luvame ukunganakwa. I-Tachypnea ichazwa yi-World Health Organization njengezinga lokuphefumula elingaphezu kuka-50 ukuphefumula ngomzuzu ngezinsana ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kweyishumi nambili ubudala, ngaphezulu kwemiphefumulo engu-40 ngomzuzu kubantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka eyodwa kuya kwemihlanu, nangaphezulu kwezingu-30 ngomphefumulo ngeminithi izingane ezingaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu.
- Ukufuduza nokuphindaphinda (ukuqina kwemisipha yentamo) - Lezi zimpawu zingase zibe uphawu lokuphefumula okusebenzayo.
- Ukugaya - Ukuvutha kuvamile, ikakhulukazi nge-pneumonia egazini.
- I-Cyanosis, noma ukubukeka kwe-bluish ezindebe zomntwana, impumulo, neminwe.
- Ukuvota (ngokuvamile kuvame ukuphefumula okusebenzayo.)
- Isikhukhula - Ukukhwehlela kungaba yomile, noma kuvezwe kwe-phlegm engacacile, emhlophe, ephuzi-eluhlaza noma ngisho negazi.
Uma ingane yakho ineziphi izimpawu lokho akusho ukuthi une-pneumonia. Ngezinye izikhathi izingane zingabonakala zigula kakhulu ngezifo ezilula zegciwane, ikakhulukazi uma zinomkhuhlane ophezulu.
I-Pneumonia ihlolwe kanjani ku-Children?
Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ekutholeni i-pneumonia ezinganeni ukuthi sibe nenhlawulo ephezulu yokusola. Ngisho noma ingane yakho ingakhukhumezi, izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane ongekho umthombo ocacile, ushintsho ekudleni, izimpawu ezikhungathekile ezilandela ukutheleleka okuphezulu kokuphefumula, noma ukusabela kwamathambo ukuthi okuthile okungahambi kahle, kufanele kukugqugquzele bheka ingane yakho. Umqondo womzali awuvamile ukubaluleka njengesibonakaliso se-pneumonia, kodwa kungase kube enye yezinkomba ezinhle kakhulu ukuthi kukhona okungalungile. Thembeka isisindo sakho.
Uma ingane yakho inezibonakaliso ezingenhla, noma uma nje ingabonakali sengathi uqobo, udokotela wakho uzobuza ngomlando wakhe. Ingabe kukhona ohlala ekhaya ogule? Ingabe unayo izifo ezithandwayo? Udla kanjani futhi ulele?
Udokotela wakho uzobe ehlola ngokucophelela ngokomzimba ekuqapheliseni ukushisa kwakhe, ehlola izindlebe, inhliziyo, namaphaphu akhe. Futhi, ukuhlola izinga lokuphefumula kubaluleke kakhulu futhi kufanele kube yingxenye yanoma yikuphi ukuhlolwa okukhona lapho umkhuhlane ukhona khona. I-oximetry ye- pulse ivame ukwenza ukuhlola izinga le-oksijeni lokugcwalisa oksijini, kanti udokotela wezingane uzobuka ukuthi kukhona yini izibonakaliso zobunzima bokuphefumula, njengokuqinisa imisipha entanyeni yakhe (imisipha yokufinyelela) noma ukufiphaza komzimba.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungenziwa ukuze ubuke ubufakazi bokutheleleka kwegciwane noma igciwane, futhi ukuhlolwa kwezithombe ezifana ne-x-ray yesifuba kunganconywa. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi ukukhubazeka kwabantwana akubonakali kalula kwi-x-ray yesifuba, futhi izinguquko azibonwanga njalo kusenesikhathi nokutheleleka.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Pneumonia yezingane
Ukwelashwa okunconyelwe ingane yakho uma kunesifo sofuba kuncike ezintweni eziningi, kubandakanya ukuthi ubonakala kanjani futhi kubangelwa imbangela yesikhuthazo (igciwane noma ibhaktheriya.)
Iningi lezingane ezine-pneumonia zingelashwa ekhaya, nakuba ezinye izingane zingadingeka ukuba zingeniswe esibhedlela ukuze zifakwe emanzini amanzi (uma ziphelelwa amanzi), zama-antibiotiki emithi noma i-oxygen therapy. Ngokuvamile, usizo lokuphuza umoya (i-respirator) luzodingeka ingane encane kakhulu ukuzama ukuphefumula.
Ama-antibiotics yindlela yokwelapha evamile uma ingane isolwa ngokuba ne-pneumonia ye-bacteria. Uma ingane ihamba nge-pneumonia ( Mycoplasma pneumonia ) antibiotics ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa izifo zendlebe (njenge-Amoxicillin) ayisebenzi. Esikhundleni salokho, ama-antibiotic afana ne-erythromycin, i-Zithromax, i-Biaxin, noma i-tetracyclines (ezinganeni ezindala) ngokuvamile ayadingeka.
Abantu abaningi bazibuza ngokucindezela ukukhwehlela. Nakuba imithi ingaba ibalulekile ukuze ingane yakho iphumule, ukukhwehlela kuyindlela yomzimba yokukhipha i-debris emaphashini futhi odokotela abaningi bayanqikaza ukuwabeka.
Izinkinga (ezingavamile) ze-Pneumonia e-Children
Ingozi yanoma iziphi izinkinga ezihlobene ne-pneumonia yengane yakho engavamile futhi izoxhomeka ezintweni eziningi.
Ngezinye izikhathi izingane zihlakulela ukuxoshwa komzimba noma ukucindezeleka nge-pneumonia. I-pleura yizinambuzane ezizungeze futhi zivimbe amaphaphu nomoya ngamunye. Uma i-pneumonia eyenzeka eduze nasezindaweni zangaphandle zamaphaphu lesi sifundazwe ingagcwala futhi igcwale uketshezi noma ipus. Uma kwenzeka lokhu, uketshezi noma u-pus kungadinga ukucinywa. Lokhu kuzwakala kusabisa, kodwa kuyinkambiso elula kubantwana lapho inaliti enhle ifakwa emgodini we-pleural ukuhoxisa uketshezi. Uma kukhona impomema enkulu, ithubhu yesifuba ingadingeka ukuthi ifakwe ngenkathi ukutheleleka kukhishwa.
Uma ukugula kwengane yakho kunzima kakhulu, umsebenzi wokuphefumula ungase uphelele. Uma lokhu kwenzeka-futhi lokhu kungavamile-ingane ingase idingeke ifakwe emphefumulweni isikhathi esithile. Imithi yokwelapha ivame ukusetshenziswa uma lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ingane yakho ingesabi.
Ukuvimbela Pneumonia - Ukubaluleka Kwezinsana Nokuningi
I-pneumonia ebantwaneni isuke ingavamile kangako kunama-embalwa ambalwa eminyaka adlule, ukunciphisa ukuthi singakwazi ukufaka ukugoma okubanzi. Imishanguzo yengane engasiza ekuvimbeleni i-pneumonia ihlanganisa umuthi wokugoma we-Pneumococcal Prevnar 13, Hib, Varivax, MMR, kanye nomgomo wokugoma.
Ngaphandle kokugonywa, ingozi ye-pneumonia ingancipha ngokuncelisa, ngokususa izandla ngokucophelela, nangokunciphisa ukuxhumana nabanye abagulayo.
Ngaphansi kwe-Pneumonia e-Children
I-pneumonia ebantwaneni ivamile, kodwa ivame ukuvela ngezimpawu ezihlukile kunezo ongayilindela nomuntu omdala. Izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-pneumonia ezinganeni zivame ukuhlukana nalabo abadala. I-pneumonia ebantwaneni ingabesabeka kakhulu njengoba izingane zigula ngokushesha. Ngokujabulisayo, ngokungafani nabantu abadala bavame ukuphulukisa futhi baphuluke ngokushesha kakhulu.
> Imithombo
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- > Jain, S. Epidemiology ye-Virne Pneumonia. Medicine Chest Medicine . 2017. 38 (1): 1-9.
- > Kliegman, uRobert M., uBonita Stanton, uSt Geme III uJoseph W., uNine Felice. Schor, uRichard E. Behrman, noWaldo E. Nelson. UNelson Bookbook of Pediatrics. I-20th Edition. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2015. Phrinta.