Izingane eziye zathinteka ekuboniseni utshwala ngaphambi kokubeletha ngenxa yokuphuza komama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa zingaba nezinkinga eziningi zokuzalwa ezivela emnothweni kuya ezibalulekile. Lezi ziphutha zingabandakanya ukukhubazeka kokukhula, ukukhubazeka kobuso (ukungavamile) kanye nomonakalo omkhulu wesistimu.
Kunemigomo ehlukahlukene kanye nezifo ezihlukahlukene ezihlotshaniswa namazinga ahlukahlukene alawa ahlobene nokuphuza okuhlobene nokuphuza okungadideka ngisho nalabo abasebenza eduze nalawa bantwana.
Ukulandela amanye alawo magama kanye nobubanzi bezimiso abachazayo.
Ukuphazamiseka Kwezitshalo Ze-Fetal Alcohol
I-Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (i-FASD) yiyona nkulumo ejwayelekile ebhekisela ekuhlaleni okukhulu kwemiphumela engenzeka emntwaneni onomama ophuza utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kubandakanya ukukhubazeka ngokomzimba, kwengqondo, nokuziphatha.
I-FASD ayihloselwe ukuba ixilongwe ngemitholampilo. Yisikhathi sesambulela esisetshenziselwa ukufaka izinambuzane eziningi ezifana ne- fetal alcohol syndrome , i-partial fetal alcohol syndrome, izifo ezihlobene ne-alcohol neurodevelopmental nezinye.
I-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
I-fetal alcohol syndrome (i-FAS) yisifo sokukhubazeka kwesisu okubangelwa ukuphuza utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ukuze kutholakale ukuthi une-fetal alcohol syndrome, ingane izohlangabezana nalezi zici ezilandelayo:
- Ukwehla kokukhula.
- Iqoqo eliyingqayizivele lezinkinga ezincane zobuso, njengamehlo amancane, i-philtrum ebushelelezi (i-groove ephezulu ngaphezu kwezindebe) kanye nensimbi encane ephezulu.
- Umonakalo wesistimu we-central (kuhlanganise nokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo, ubuchopho, kanye / noma ukusebenza).
- Ukutholakala kotshwala ngaphambi kokubeletha.
Uma ingane ine-anomali ye-classic ebusweni, ezinye izimpawu ngokuvamile zikhona futhi zibalulekile futhi ingane itholakale ene-fetal alcohol syndrome. Uma lezo zimo eziphutha ebusweni zingekho, ezinye izimpawu zingase zibe khona futhi zibe zijulile.
Yilapho lesi sigama singathola ukudideka.
Isifo Sokuphuza Utshwala Ngokweqile
Leli gama lisetshenziswe lapho ingane iningi kakhulu, kodwa hhayi konke, kokuntuleka kokukhula kanye / noma izici zobuso zesifo se-fetal alcohol, kanye nomonakalo wesistimu oyinhloko futhi, okwamanje, ukutholakala kotshwala ngaphambi kokubeletha.
Ngisho noma ingane ingenazo izici zobuso noma ukukhubazeka kokukhula, ukwehliswa kokwephuza utshwala ngaphambi kokubeletha kusengabangela ukulimala kwesistimu ephakathi kakhulu njengalezo izingane ezinayo yonke izimpawu zesifo sofuba soshukela.
Utshwala Okuhlobene Neziphuthumayo Ze-Neurodevelopmental
Ngo-1996, i-Institute of Medicine yasungula ukuxilongwa kwezifo ezihlobene ne-alcohol ( neurodevelopmental disorders ) (i-ARND) yabantwana abaveze umonakalo omkhulu wesimiso somshuwalense futhi ababenesifo sokuphuza utshwala ngaphambi kokubeletha - ngaphandle kokukhubazeka kokukhula noma izici zobuso.
Imiphumela ye-Fetal Alcohol
Ngesinye isikhathi, leli gama lisetshenziselwa ukuxilonga izingane ezinamanye, kodwa hhayi zonke, izimpawu zesifo se-fetal alcohol syndrome. Kusukela ngo-1995, igama elithi "umfutho wokuphuza utshwala" aluzange lithandeke ngoba luchaza isixhumanisi esibangela ukuphuza utshwala kokubeletha kanye nezimpawu zezingane ezingenakuqinisekiswa.
Ngenxa yokuthi eziningi zezici ezihlobene nokutholakala kotshwala ngaphambi kokubeletha nazo zivame ukuvela kubantu abangenawo ukuphuza utshwala ngaphambi kokubeletha, odokotela baqala ukwehlisa imigomo yokuhlola ukuthi ukuphuza utshwala kubangele imiphumela, njengokuthi "umphumela wokuphuza utshwala" kanye "nezidakamizwa eziphathelene nokuphuza utshwala. "
Ikhodi ye-FASD ye-4 Digit Diagnostic
Ngo-1997, i-Washington State i-FAS Diagnostic and Prevention Network yaqala indlela yokuthola ukutholakala kwemiphumela eminingi yezingane ezinezidakamizwa zangasese. Ngokusho kuwebhusayithi yenethiwekhi, ikhodi yokuhlonza amadijithi angu-4, "inikeza ukuxilongwa okunembile nokuphindaphindiwe ngokulinganisela, okulinganiselwe ukulinganisa izilinganiso kanye nezincazelo ezithile."
Inombolo ngayinye yamadijithi amane isetshenziselwa ukubeka ubukhulu bezinto eziphathekayo ze-fetal alcohol syndrome ngale ndlela elandelayo: (1) ukuntuleka kokukhula, (2) izici zobuso be-FAS, (3) umonakalo wesistimu oyinhloko noma ukungasebenzi, futhi (4) ) ukutholakala kotshwala ngaphambi kokubeletha.
Isici ngasinye sibalwa kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-4 ngesilinganiso nge-1 ekubeni ukungabikho okuphelele kwesici se-fetal alcohol syndrome kanye no-4 kubonisa ubukhona obunamandla bokubukeka kwesici.
Isibonelo, ukutholakala kwamadijithi angu-3444 ku-3444 kungabonisa ukuthi ingane yayinokuntula okulinganiselwe kokukhula, izici zobuso eziphawulekayo, umonakalo ocacile womonakalo wesimiso kanye nokutholakala kokwephuza utshwala ngaphambi kokubeletha.
I-Encephalopathy Static (Utshwala Uvezwe)
Leli gama lakhiwa ngo-2002 futhi lisetshenziselwa ukubhekisela ezinganeni ezinezinhlelo ezingavamile, eziphathelene neurolotiki kanye / noma eziphawulekayo ezisebenzayo ohlelweni lwazo lwentaba, kodwa ukungavamile kuyinto eqhubekayo - hhayi ukuqhubeka noma ukuvuselela.
I-Neurobehavioral Disorder (Utshwala Uvezwe)
I-neurobehavioral disorder (utshwala oveziwe) ixilongwa kubantwana abanesisindo somzimba esibucayi sokukhubazeka okusebenzayo, kodwa akukho bufakazi bokungahleleki kwesakhiwo noma sezinzwa.
Okubalulekile ku-FAS
Njengoba ungabona kusuka ezinchazweni ezingenhla, ukuvezwa kokubeletha ngaphambi kokubeletha kungabangela ukuhlukumezeka kokuzalwa okuhlukahlukene, kusukela ekunciphiseni kuze kube nzima kakhulu. I-Fetal alcohol syndrome iyimbangela eyaziwayo yokuphuza kwengqondo nokukhubazeka kokuthuthukiswa futhi ivinjelwa ngokuphelele.
Ukuvimbela fetal alcohol syndrome kulula. Uma uhlela ukukhulelwa, yeka ukuphuza. Uma uthola ukuthi ukhulelwe, yeka ukuphuza ngokushesha.
> Umthombo:
> I-University of Washington I-FAS Diagnostic and Prevention Network. "Iyini i-FASD, i-FAS, i-FAS ehlukile kanye ne-ARND?"
> I-University of Washington I-FAS Diagnostic and Prevention Network. " Umhlahlandlela wokuxilongwa we-Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: i-Code Digest Diagnostic Code (PDF) ." 2004.