Ukumangala kubazali abaningi, ukuphathwa ikhanda kuvamile kakhulu ezinganeni ezifunda esikoleni nasebancane. Ochwepheshe babika ukuthi izingane ezingu-30% kuya kwezingu-50% zezingane zesikole kanye no-50% kuya ku-80% wezinsizwa zithola ikhanda.
I-Migraine ikhanda livamile, futhi. Zenzeka ku-3% wabantwana besikole samabanga aphansi, 11% wabafundi besikole samabanga aphansi, nabangu-23% wabafundi besikole esiphakeme.
Izimpawu ze-Migraine
Izimpawu ze-Migraine zivame ukufaka:
- ubuhlungu bekhanda ngakolunye uhlangothi lwekhanda (unilateral); ukuhlolisisa ubuhlungu obukhulu ezinhlangothi zombili zekhanda lomntwana (kokubili) kungenzeka futhi
- ukuhlunguphazeka kwezinhlungu zekhanda
- isicasule noma ukuhlanza
- ukuzwela ukukhanya (photophobia)
- ukuzwela ukuzwakala (i-phonophobia)
- ukuphazamiseka okwephunga (ukuhlukumezeka)
- i- aura eqala ngaphambi kwe-migraine noma njengenhloko yekhanda ye-migraine futhi engabandakanya ukuphazamiseka okubukwayo, ubuthakathaka bemisipha ngakolunye uhlangothi lomzimba (hemiparesis), noma ukukhubazeka kolimi (aphasia)
- iziqephu zezinkulumo eziphuthumayo noma ezinamathele (dysarthria); i-vertigo; ukukhala ezindlebeni (tinnitus); umbono kabili (diplopia); ukuphazamiseka okubukwayo; i-ataxia; kunciphisa amazinga okuqonda; ukwehlisa ukuzwa; noma ama-numbness kanyekanye nokuzizwa kwemizwa zombili zombili (ama-paresthesias amabili), njenge-aura ngaphambi kwekhanda le-migraine liqala (i-basilar-type migraine)
Izimpawu zezinhlungu zekhanda ze- migraine nazo zenziwe zimbi nakakhulu ngemisebenzi eyenziwa njalo, njengokuhamba noma ukukhuphuka izitebhisi.
Ukuthola i-Migraines ku-Izingane
Nakuba ukuhlolwa okufana nekhanda le-CT, ikhanda le-MRI, i-sinus x-ray, noma i-lumbar puncture ngezinye izikhathi kwenziwa lapho ingane ihlala ikhanda njalo, ukulawula ezinye izimbangela, ukuxilongwa kwe-migraine kuvamise kwenziwa nje ngezimpawu zezimpawu zomntwana . Ukuhlolwa ngokuvamile akudingekile uma ingane isifo esibuhlungu besifo esibuhlungu kanye nokuhlolwa okuvamile kwegazi, ngaphandle kokuba ingane ivele iqale ikhanda elibuhlungu, ikhanda lakhe liyashintsha (okuba nzima kakhulu noma okuvamile, isibonelo), noma uma udokotela wezingane uthola ukungaqondakali kwezinzwa ngesikhathi ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba.
Njengengxenye ye-diagnostic criteria ye-migraines, udokotela wezingane uzohlola ukuhlola ukuthi ngabe ingane yakho:
- uye kwaba okungenani u-5 ukuhlaselwa kwegazi (migraine ngaphandle kwe-aura) noma ukuhlaselwa kwe-2 migraine (i-migraine ne aura)
- ukuhlaselwa kwe-migraine kudlule phakathi kwamahora angu-1 no-72
- unezibonakaliso noma izimpawu ezingase zibonise ukuthi ikhanda libangelwa esinye isifo
Ukuba namanye amalungu omndeni anezinwele ze-migraine nazo zizokwenza ukuxilongwa kwe-migraine cishe emntwaneni, njengoba i-migraines ibonakala igijima emindenini.
I-Migraine Treatments
Ayikho imithi yokwelashwa kwekhanda, kepha okwelashwa kwamanje kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukuthi ingane yakho ihamba kanjani kaningi futhi iyanciphisa ubuhlungu bezimpawu zakhe ze-migraine.
Lezi zindlela zokwelapheka zihlanganisa:
- ukugwema izifo ezivame ukuguquka kwegazi, okubandakanya izidakamizwa zokudla (ushizi, ama-chocolate, nezithelo ze-citrus, njll), ukuphumula ukudla, imikhuba yokulala engafanele, nokuntuleka kokuzivocavoca, njll.
- ukuthatha umthamo ofanele ubudala we-pain reliever (i-acetaminophen noma ibuprofen) ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka lapho i-migraine iqala, kodwa ukugwema ukulinganisa okungaphezu kwamathathu ngesonto ngenxa yekhanda, njengokubamba kaningi kungenza ngezinye izikhathi kukhishwe ikhanda
- imithi yokulwa nesicanshu, ezifana neZofran (ondansetron), uma ukuhlukunyezwa nokuhlanza kuyinto enkulu yokuhlaselwa kwengane yakho
- i-triptan efana ne-Imitrex (sumatriptan), i-Maxalt (i-rizatriptan), noma i-Zomig (i-zolmitriptan) esetshenziselwa kaningi ezinganeni nasebasha, ikakhulukazi njengoba eziningana zivunyelwe i-FDA kulezi zigaba zeminyaka
- umuthi we-prophylactic nsuku zonke ukuvimbela ikhanda uma ingane yakho inesifo esibuhlungu okungenani ezintathu se-migraine inyanga ngayinye, okungase ihlanganise i-antihistamine Periactin (cyproheptadine), i-amitriptyline, noma i-antiepileptic imithi, njenge- Topamax (topiramate) noma i-Valproate (i-valproate ye-disodium)
I-Topamax manje i-FDA ivunyelwe ukuvimbela imishanguzo kubantwana futhi.
Okudingayo Ukuze Ukwazi Nge-Migraines Ezinganeni
Ezinye izinto zokwazi mayelana ne-migraines ezinganeni zifaka ukuthi:
- Ngaphambi kokukhulelwa, abafana bathola ama-migraine amaningi kunamantombazane, kodwa kamuva, ngemuva kokukhulelwa, amantombazane aqala ukuthola imithi engaphezu kwamantombazane.
- Idayari ye-headbreak yesifo sekhanda, lapho urekhoda imininingwane mayelana nekhanda lomntwana wakho - kufaka phakathi uma enakho, ukuthi yini eyabangela, nokuthi yini eyenze kube ngcono - ingakusiza ukuthi uthole izinkinga ezithile ze-migraine zokugwema esikhathini esizayo.
- Izinguquko ze-Migraine ezinganeni zingabandakanya i-vertigo ephikisayo ye-paroxysmal, i- cyclic vomiting syndrome , nesisu esiswini.
- Nakuba izingane eziningi ezine-migraines ziqhubeka ziba nezinhloko njengoba zikhulile, cishe ama-25% azokhipha ikhanda labo.
- Ukuntuleka kwe-coenzyme Q10 kungasiza ekwenzeni ezinye izingane zibe khona, futhi izazi zezinzwa ngezinye izikhathi zihlola amazinga we-coenzyme Q10 lapho kuhlolwa izingane ezine-migraines.
I-neurologist yezinsana zezingane ingasiza ukuhlola nokuphatha ingane yakho ngekhanda le-migraine.
Imithombo
I-American Academy ye-Neurology. I-Parameter Yokuzivocavoca: Ukuhlolwa kwezingane kanye nentsha ngekhanda eliphindaphindiwe. I-Neurology 2002; 59: 490-498.
I-American Academy ye-Neurology. I-Practice Parameter: Ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali wekhanda le-migraine ezinganeni. I-Neurology 2004; 63: 2215-2224.
Lewis DW. Migraine yezingane. I-Neurol Clin - 01-MAY-2009; 27 (2): 481-501