Ukwakha Amasiko Wokuthuthukiswa Kwezinga Eliqhubekayo
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokudideka ezihambisanayo zokusebenzisa izindlela zokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokunakekelwa kwezempilo. I-PDOC i-PDCA ingenye yezindlela zokuqala nezesikhathi eside kakhulu ezisetshenziswa ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yezempilo . Kungachazwa ngemigomo yansuku zonke, ngolimi oluvamile nolutholakalayo.
Inqubo Yezinqubo Ekunakekelweni Kwezempilo
Ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo kuhloswe ukuqeda ukudoba nokuhlehlisa izinqubo.
Ukucindezela kuvuliwe ukuletha ukunakekelwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu ngezindleko eziphansi. Wonke umuntu ohlelweni lwezempilo lwe-continuum udinga ukungena ukuze afinyelele lo mgomo. Amadivaysi, izidakamizwa, izimpahla, nemishini yonke into edinga ukukhiqizwa ngezindleko eziphansi kakhulu. Ezindaweni zokuphatha nezempilo zesibhedlela noma emtholampilo, kunamathuba amaningi okunciphisa imfucuza, kuhlanganise:
- Ukuthuthukisa amazinga abasebenzi.
- Gwema amaphutha ezempilo.
- Gwema ukutheleleka kwezempilo .
- Ukulungiswa kokusungula ukuze izidakamizwa nezimpahla zingapheli ngaphambi kokuthi zisetshenziswe.
- Kunciphisa izikhathi zokulinda.
- Kunciphisa izikhathi zokuthutha.
Uhlelo olulula
UWilliam Edwards Deming wadala igama elithi FOCUS PDCA ukuze izinhlangano zibe nezinhlelo ezilula zokuqeda ukungcola emisebenzini yabo yokukhiqiza nezinsiza. Lokhu kwakuyishintsho esikhulu kusukela endleleni endala yokucabanga. Ngaphambi kokuba iDeming iqale ukuphoqa abantu ukuba bahlole inqubo, izinkampani ngokuvamile zinekhwalithi yokulawula izinga le-retroactive.
Okusho ukuthi, inqubo noma isevisi kuzokwenzeka, futhi ngethemba ukuthi othile uhlole umphumela walowo mzamo. Noma yini engazange ihlangabezane nesilinganiso sokulinganisa izophinde isetshenziswe. Ukugxila kwe-Deming kwinqubo kubonise abantu ukuthi umthelela omkhulu ekudakaleni kwenzeka uma uqala phezulu, ngokuqonda yonke inqubo, hhayi nje ukufuna umphumela wokuphela.
Okushiwo yi-PDCA ye-PDCA
Lesi sichazamazwi ngempela sigcwalisa i-punch, nansi okushiwo:
F: Thola inqubo yokuthuthukisa
O: Hlela iqembu elaziyo inqubo
C: Chaza ulwazi lwamanje lwenqubo
U: Qonda ukuhluka nokukwazi kwenqubo
S: Khetha uhlelo lokuthuthukisa okuqhubekayo
I-PDCA, isichazamazwi se-Plan, Do, Hlola, Umthetho, unikeza ithimba umjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi eqhubekayo ukuhlola amasu abo okuthuthukisa ngamunye, ngendlela elawulwayo, ukukala imiphumela nokuqhuba ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo. Qaphela ukuthi ezinye izinhlangano zisebenzisa i-PDSA ngesiqephu esikhundleni, sohlelo, Do, Study, Act.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesampula
Ukusebenzisa isibonelo sokusebenza ngenqubo yokuthuthukisa ngokusebenzisa i-FOCUS PDCA kungase kubonakale kanje:
- Thola inqubo yokwenza ngcono: Inqubo yokukhipha iziguli eziphuthelwe esibhedlela ezingaphezu kweminyaka engu-65.
- Hlela iqembu elaziyo inqubo: Kungabandakanya uMqondisi weCarology , umhlengikazi wezinhliziyo, ukuphatha.
- Chaza ulwazi lwamanje lwenqubo: Ithimba lihlangana ukuze lenze umjikelezo noma inqubo yebalazwe.
- Qonda inqubo: Ithimba lenza le nqubo njenge-ukucacisa uhla lwemininingwane, okulesi sibonelo kungaba: (1) yiyiphi iphesenti yeziguli ezinesifo senhliziyo, ezingaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala, ezibhalwa zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-30? (2) kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani abasebenzi ukuba bagcwalise lolu hlobo lwesineke?
- Khetha ukuthi ungayithuthukisa: Ithimba likhetha ukunciphisa izinga lokufunda lokusuku ezingu-30.
- Hlela: Uhlelo lokuqala olukhethayo ukusetha ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo kwabagulayo abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-65 nehlelo lwezempilo elixhunyiwe lapho kukhishwa.
- Yenza: Ithimba lisebenzisa lolu shintsho olulodwa phakathi nesikhathi esinqunyiwe.
- Hlola: Ithimba lilinganisa futhi lihlola imiphumela yokwelashwa kwabo okuxhunyiwe kwezempilo.
- Umthetho: Ithimba lenza imiphumela. Uma ukungenelela kusebenza, leli qembu ligcina lolu hlelo olusha ekuqedeni kwabo. Bangase bathathe isinyathelo ukuze bazame ukuthuthukisa izinga lokunciphisa izinga lokufunda lokusuku okungama-30. Uma ngabe ukuhlolwa akuzange kuthuthukise amazinga wokufundwa kwezinsuku ezingu-30, bazozama omunye umqondo, bese bewusebenzisa nge-PDCA Cycle.
Amathuluzi okuthuthukisa ubuciko
Kukhona nezinye, amathuluzi nezibalo ezinzima kakhulu futhi izindlela ezifana neSithupha Sigma no- 5S Lean , zidinga ukuqeqeshwa okujulile. Noma kunjalo, i-Deming's FOCUS-PDCA yindawo enhle yokuqala, ikakhulukazi uma udinga ukwenza ukunqoba kwangaphambili ukuze uthole abantu ebhodini ngokwenza izinguquko zokuthuthukisa.