Ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwe-asthma ne-COPD akuzange kusetshenziselwe ukuba yinkinga. I-COPD yayiyinhloko yenkinga yamadoda amadala ayebhema. Njengoba abesifazane abaningi nabantu abasha baqala ukubhema, nokho, ubuso bukaCOPD baqala ukushintsha.
Ngenxa yalokho, i-asthma ne-COPD manje ngezinye izikhathi ingadideka. I-asthma ne-COPD zenzeka kokubili abancane nabadala, amadoda nabesifazane. Sizocabangela izici ezokusiza ukuba umehluko phakathi kwe-asthma ne-COPD.
Ukwengeza, i-COPD inezinhlamba zenhlalo umphakathi obeke kuwo. Ngenxa yalokho, ngivame ukuba neziguli zivele kimi zithi zine-asthma uma zine COPD ngempela. Lokhu kudala izinkinga zokwelapha njengoba izindlela zokwelapha kulezi zimo ezimbili azifani.
Ingabe i-Asthma ne-COPD iyafana na?
Izimpawu ze-asthma ne-COPD zifana nokuthi zizoholela kokubili:
Lezi zimpawu zihlangene ngokuhlukile e-asthma naseCOPD. Nge-COPD, cishe uthola ukukhwehlela kwansuku zonke kokukhiqiza kwe-phlegm. Izinguquko kumaphethini wokukhwehlela nombala we-phlegm zivame ukusetshenziswa ngudokotela wakho njengezinkomba uma kukhona ukukhushulwa kwe-COPD. Ukukhwehlela kwansuku zonke kuyisici se-bronchitis engapheli, uhlobo noma okuhlukile kwe-COPD.
Ukuqina kwesifuba kanye nokukhwehlela okuphakathi (ikakhulukazi ebusuku) kuvame kakhulu nge-asthma. Lezi zimpawu zizokhipha futhi zihambisane nokulawula i-asthma yakho.
Uma i-asthma yakho ilawulwa kahle, uhlangabezana nezikhathi zesikhathi lapho ungekho uphawu.
Noma kunjalo, i-pathophysiology ye-asthma ne-COPD ihluke kakhulu. Ngenkathi izimpawu zingase zibe okufanayo, inqubo eholela ezithombeni ihlukile.
Zombili i-asthma ne-COPD ingase ibhekwe njengezifo zokuvuvukala, kodwa ukuvuvukala kuvela ezinhlobonhlobo zamaseli.
Ku- pathophysiology ye-asthma , imiphumela yokuvuvukala ivela ekukhiqizeni ama-eosinophil, kanti ukuvuvukala ku-COPD kubandakanya ngokuyinhloko ukukhiqizwa kwe- neutrophils nama- macrophages eminyakeni eminingi.
Imibuzo eminingana ingakusiza ukwazi ukuthi yisiphi isimo ongase ube nayo:
- Ngangineminyaka emingaki lapho ngitholwa? I-COPD ngokuvamile isifo sabantu asebekhulile, kuyilapho iningi, kodwa hhayi lonke, i-asthma itholakale ngesikhathi seyingane noma ebusheni. I-COPD ayijwayele ukutholakala ngaphambi kokuba ineminyaka engama-40.
- Ngake ngibhema? Nakuba iziguli eziningi ze-asthma zibhema, iziguli eziningi ze-asthma azikaze zibheme. Ngenkathi ezinye iziguli ezine-COPD zingakaze zibheme, iziguli ezingaphezu kuka-80% ezitholwe ne-COPD ziye zabhema esikhathini esedlule noma zibhemayo zamanje.
- Yini eholela ezimpawu? Iziguli eziningi ze-COPD zizwa izimpawu zansuku zonke kuyilapho iziguli ze-asthma ziba nezikhathi eziphawulekayo ngaphandle kwempawu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziguli ze-asthma ziba nezimbangela ezinjenge-pollen noma ezinye izitshalo ezithintekayo, uma zigwetshwa, zibangelwa ukungabi khona kwezimpawu. Iziguli ze-asthma ziyaphazamisa umsebenzi futhi zibuyele ezivamile noma eziseduze ngemva kokucindezela ukwelashwa kwe-bronchoconstriction, ukungahambi kahle kwe-airway nokuvuvukala kwe-airway. Iziguli ze-COPD zingase zithole ukwehla kancane emsebenzini wephunga ngokuyeka ukubhema, kepha umsebenzi wabo wephunga awuphindeli emuva. Iziguli ze-COPD zivame ukufuna ukunakekelwa ngenxa yokuphefumula futhi ekugcineni, iziguli ze-COPD ziye zinciphisa umthamo wokuzivocavoca. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iziguli ze-COPD zivame ukwehlisa isisindo, ziyeke amandla, futhi izinga lokuphila ngaphezu kokunciphisa amandla abo okusebenza.
Ukwenza lolu daba ludideke kancane, ezinye iziguli ze-COPD zingaba nengxenye ye-asthma. Ukwengeza, iziguli ezithile ze-asthma zibhema futhi zisengozini yokuthuthukisa i-COPD-njenganoma yikuphi omunye obhemayo.
Ezinye iziguli ze-COPD zibonisa ukuvuselelwa kokuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu we-pulmonary. Uma kukhona ingxenye eguquguqukayo ku-COPD yakho, ungathiwa unesici se-asthma. Uma kuncane kakhulu ekubuyiseleni, akukho nxenye ye-asthma ekhona. I-American Thoracic Society ichaza ukuguqulwa njengokwanda kwe-post-bronchodilator ku- FEV1 okungenani ngu-12% kokubili i-COPD ne-asthma.
Kulokhu, izifo azifani.
Inani lembuyiselo ngokuvamile lingaphansi kwesiguli se-COPD uma kuqhathaniswa ne-asthmatic.
Ingabe Izimpawu Zomkhuhlane We-Asthma ne-COPD Efanayo?
I-asthma ne-COPD ingabangela ukuhamba kwesondo, ukuqina kwesifuba, ukuphefumula nokuphefumula okungapheli. Kodwa-ke, imvamisa kanye nezimpawu ezivame ukwanda kwe-asthma ne-COPD zihlukile. Nge-COPD, cishe uthola ukukhwehlela kwasekuseni, inani elengeziwe le-sputum, nezimpawu eziqhubekayo. Uma une-asthma, cishe uthola izimpawu eziqhingini kanye / noma ebusuku. Ukwengeza, izimpawu ze-asthma kungenzeka zenzeke ngemuva kokuvezwa kwezimbangela ezithile.
Ingabe i-Asthma ne-COPD Treatments efanayo?
Ngenkathi udokotela wakho angasebenzisa imithi efana nayo yokwelapha i-asthma ne-COPD, "nini, kungani, nokuthi" lala mithi ingase ihluke kanjani ngempela.
Umgomo wokwelapha nge-asthma kungukuthi ungabonakali izibonakaliso nomsebenzi wamaphaphu oseduze-uma umgomo we-COPD ukwelashwa ukuvimbela ukuqhubeka komonakalo emaphashini, ukunciphisa ukukhuphuka, nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila. Imithi esetshenziselwa kokubili i-asthma ne-COPD ingafaka:
- I-steroids engenalutho: I-steroids engabhalisiwe, njenge-Flovent, inenzuzo kokubili i-asthma ne-COPD ngoba imithi yenza ngqo emaphashini - kepha ama-steroid angenayo ayetshenziselwa ngokuhlukile e-asthma nase-COPD. Nge-asthma, i-steroid engenayo isetshenziswe kuqala lapho imithi yansuku zonke ibalulekile, ngokuvamile emva kokuba uqhubekele phambili ukusuka emkhatsini we-intermittent kuya emphefumulweni ophikisanayo omncane. Ku-COPD, i-steroid engatholakali iyanezelwa emva kweziguli zakha i-COPD enamandla nokuzikhandla okuningi.
- I-Anticholinergics: Nakuba ama-anticholinergics asheshayo, afana ne-Atrovent, asetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwe-asthma exacerations, ama-anticholinergics asebenza isikhathi eside njengo-Spiriva ngokuvamile awasetshenzisiwe njengemithi yokulawula e-asthma. Kodwa-ke, i-Spiriva isetshenziswe ekuqaleni kwe-COPD ngoba ihlotshaniswe nokuthuthukiswa emisebenzini yamaphaphu, izimpawu, kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila ngenkathi kunciphisa ukukhushulwa kwe-COPD nokufakwe esibhedlela.
- Ama-bronchodilators ama-short-acting (SABAs): Ngama-asthma, ama-SABA asetshenziselwa ukusiza ngezikhathi ezithile izimpawu ezinzima, kodwa uma usebenzisa i-SABA ngokwanele ukuhlangabezana nemigomo yokuphefumula okuphikisanayo okunamandla, kuyadingeka imithi eyengeziwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-SABA ehleliwe ingenye yezokwelapha zokuqala ze-COPD.
- Ama-agonists asebenta isikhathi eside (i-LABAs): Nakuba ama-agonists asebenta isikhathi eside njengo-Serevent angase asetshenziswe njengendlela elula yokwelapha kwe-COPD yokuqala, ama-LABA awaboniswa ku-asthma kuze kube yilapho une-asthma eqhubekayo eqhubekayo.
- Ukuhlinzwa: Lokhu kuyatholakala kuphela ku-COPD. Leli ukwelashwa ngokuvamile ligcinwe iziguli eziye zahluleka ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha. Manje kukhona ezinye zokwelashwa ezingenasidingo lapho iziguli zingathola khona izinzuzo zokuhlinzekwa kokunciphisa amaphaphu ngokusebenzisa inqubo encane engavamile.
- I- thermoplasty ye- Bronchial : Kulesi sifo kuphela ukwelapha, iziguli ezine-asthma eziphikisanayo ezingenakulawulwa kahle nge-corticosteroids ezikhungethweyo kanye nama-beta-agonists asebenza isikhathi eside, zibhekene nokushisa emiphakathini yakho yokunciphisa amandla okunciphisa amandla abo kanye nokunciphisa ngokulandela ukuvezwa kwezimbangela ezingakwazi kuholele ekuhlaselweni kwe-asthma .
Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi unayo i-COPD noma i-asthma, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela ngaphambi kokuzama noma yiluphi uhlobo lwepulani yokwelashwa.
Imithombo:
I-National Heart, Lung, ne-Blood Institute. Umbiko wePhaneli Wabachwepheshe 3 (EPR3): Izinkombandlela Zokuthola Ukuhlolwa Nokuphathwa Kwe-Asthma
Tinkelman DG, Price DB, Nordyke RJ, Halbert RJ. I-Misdiagnosis ye-COPD ne-asthma kwiziguli zokunakekelwa okuyinhloko eminyakeni engu-40 ubudala nangaphezulu. I-Asthma. 2006 Jan-Feb; 43 (1): 75-80.
I-Kuebler KK, i-Buchsel PC, i-Balkstra CR. Ukuhlukanisa isifo esingenasifo se-pulmonary chronic obstructive kusuka ku-asthma. J Am Acad Nurse Pract. 2008 Sep; 20 (9): 445-54.