Abantu abanezifo ezinzima eziphikisanayo ngokuvamile bahlangabezana nezimpawu ze-asthma usuku lonke ezinsukwini eziningi futhi banezimpawu eziningi ebusuku. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukunciphisa umsebenzi womzimba.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezifo ze-asthma
Ukuhlelwa kwe-asthma kusekelwe ebukhulu besimo. Ukuhlukaniswa kunqunywa ngu:
- Uhlobo lwezimpawu (ukuphefumula kanzima, ukukhwehlela, ukuqina kwesifuba nokukhwehlela) isiguli sibonisa ngaphambi kokwelapha
- Isilinganiso nesivinini somoya isiguli singashaya (sinqunywe ngokuqhuba ukuhlolwa komsebenzi wamaphaphu noma ukuhlolwa komsebenzi wepulmona )
- Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi umuntu kunoma yisiphi isigaba se-asthma angaba nokuhlaselwa kabuhlungu kwesifo se-asthma, hhayi nje labo ababhekene nesifo se-asthma esiqhubekayo.
Ukuhlukaniswa kungashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kanye ne-asthma ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engama-4 kunzima ukuyihlolisisa nokuhlukanisa, njengoba izimpawu zingase zihluke nge-asthma kuziguli ezindala.
I-asthma ihlelwe ngezigaba ezine ezilandelayo, yi-National Asthma Education and Prevention Program:
I-Asthma engapheli
I-asthma ibhekwa njengesikhashana uma ngaphandle kokwelashwa noma yikuphi okulandelayo okuyiqiniso:
- Izimpawu zenzeka ezinsukwini ezimbili noma ngaphansi ngesonto futhi ungaphazamisi imisebenzi evamile.
- Izimpawu zobusuku zenzeka ezinsukwini ezimbili noma ngaphansi ngenyanga.
- Uma ungenaso ukuhlaselwa kwe-asthma, ukuhlolwa kwemisebenzi yamaphaphu kuvamile (ngamaphesenti angama-80 noma ngaphezulu kwenani elilindelekile) bese uhluka kancane kusukela ekuseni kuya ntambama.
I-Psyma ephikisayo ephikisayo
I-asthma ibhekwa njengokuphikelela okuncane uma ngaphandle kokwelashwa noma yikuphi okulandelayo okuyiqiniso:
- Izimpawu zenzeka ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbili ngesonto, kodwa hhayi zonke izinsuku, futhi izimpawu zobusuku zenzeka kathathu kuya kwesine ngenyanga.
- Ukuhlasela kwe-asthma kuphazamisa imisebenzi evamile yansuku zonke.
- Izivivinyo zomsebenzi we-Lung zivamile uma zingenaso ukuhlaselwa (ukuvivinywa kungamaphesenti angama-80 noma ngaphezulu kwenani elilindelekile) futhi kungashintsha inani elincane kusukela ekuseni kuya ntambama.
I-Asthma eqhubekayo eqhubekayo
I-asthma ibhekwa njengokungapheliyo uma ikhona ngaphandle kokwelashwa noma yikuphi okulandelayo okuyiqiniso:
- Izimpawu zansukuzonke kanye ne-inhaler encane esetshenziswa nsuku zonke.
- Izimpawu ziphazamisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke.
- Izimpawu zasebusuku zenzeka ngaphezu kwesisodwa ngesonto, kodwa azikwenzeki nsuku zonke.
- Izivivinyo zomsebenzi we-Lung azivamile futhi ziyahlukahluka ezingamaphesenti angaba ngu-30 kusuka ekuseni kuya ntambama.
I-persistent persistent asthma
I-asthma ibhekwa njengokuphikisana okunzima uma ngaphandle kokwelashwa noma yikuphi okulandelayo okuyiqiniso:
- Izimpawu zenzeka nsuku zonke futhi zivimbela kakhulu imisebenzi yansuku zonke yenyama.
- Izimpawu zasebusuku zenzeka kaningi, ngezinye izikhathi njalo ebusuku.
- Izivivinyo zomsebenzi we-Lung azivamile futhi zingahluka kakhulu kusukela ekuseni kuya ntambama.
Ukuhlukaniswa Okubhekayo: Isifo Esiqinile Esiqhubekayo
Ukusebenza nethimba lezokwelapha othembayo futhi uzizwa ukhululekile nalo isinyathelo esibalulekile ekuhloleni kahle nokuphatha ubuhlungu be-asthma yakho. Udokotela wakho we-asthma kufanele aqaphele lezi zinto ezilandelayo ukuze akwazi ukubhekana nesifuba sakho esiqhubekayo:
- Ukuvama kwempawu (usuku lonke)
- Ukuvama kokuvuswa kwamalanga ebusuku ngezimpawu ze-asthma (ngokuvamile nsuku zonke)
- Ukusetshenziswa kwe- inhaler esheshayo-yokuphumula (isikhathi esithile ngosuku)
- Ngakanani isibhamu esiphazamisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke (okulinganiselwe kakhulu)
- Ukufundwa kokuphakama kwe-Peak (ezingaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-60 omuntu siqu)
- Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ama-flame ama-asthma adinga ukusetshenziswa kwe-steroids yomlomo (izikhathi ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ngonyaka)
- Izimpawu zasebusuku zenzeka kaningi, ngezinye izikhathi njalo ebusuku
- Izivivinyo zomsebenzi we-Lung azijwayelekile (ukuhlolwa kwe-spirometry ngamaphesenti angama-60 noma ngaphansi kwezindleko ezilindelekile), nokugeleza kokuphefumula okuphezulu (PEF) kuyahlukahluka kwamaphesenti angaba ngu-30 kusuka ekuseni kuya ntambama
Ukwelapha Isifuba Esiqhubekayo Esiqhubekayo
Iziguli ezine-asthma eziphikisanayo zivame ukuphathwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwemithi ye-asthma kuhlanganise:
- Imithi yokulawula isikhathi eside (i-corticosteroids engenakulinganiswa) eyanciphisa ukuvuvukala kwemimoya ye-air ukuvimbela izimpawu ze-asthma nokuhlaselwa yisifo se-asthma
- Ama- bronchodilator asebenze isikhathi eside nomuthi wokusiza ngokushesha (i-agaist i-short-acting agonist noma i-bronchodilator). Le mithi eyengeziwe isetshenziselwa (njengokudingekayo) ukukhulula izimpawu ezinzima ngokuziphumula izihlungulu ezinqamule emoyeni.
- Ukuphefumula okuqhubekayo okuqhubekayo kungase kwandiswe futhi ngemithi elwa nokuvuvukala eyaziwa ngokuthi "i-leukotriene modifiers." Lezi zithathwa ifomu lepilisi futhi ziyasetshenziswa ngokuhambisana neminye imithi.
Abantu abanesifo se-asthma bangathola ukuthi ukuqina kwe-asthma kuyashintsha ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Njengoba ubunzima beshintshashintsha, kanjalo nemithi nokwelapha, ngomgomo omkhulu wokugcina i-asthma ingaphansi kokulawula. Umgomo wokwelapha isifo sokuphefumula esiqhubekayo kufanele kube ukulawula nokunciphisa izimpawu kulesifo se-asthma.
Imithombo:
> Anti-Inflammatories: I-Leukotriene Modifiers. US News & World Report.
> Iphepha Lokushicilela: Ukwelapha I-Asthma. I-American Academy Yokulwa Nezifo Zomzimba Ne-Immunology Task Force. Umbiko Wezifo Zomzimba. AAAAI.org.
> I-Asthma Iqhathaniswa Kanjani? I-National Heart Lung ne-Blood Institute, uMnyango WezeMpilo waseMelika kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu, amaNational Institutes of Health.
> Umbiko Wokuhlola Wokudingo 2007. I-National Heart, Lung, ne-Blood Advisory Council I-Asthma Expert Working Group.