Isikhathi somkhuhlane eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule kwakungenye yezinto ezimbi kunazo zonke eminyakeni yamuva. Ngaphandle kokuqala kokuqala, amacala asakazekile kuwo wonke ama-United States, uhlobo oluthile lomkhuhlane oluzungezayo olungazange lufakwe kulowo mgomo wokugoma, kwakukhona amacala amaningi ezingane ezibulawa yingculazi (engakaze ivuleke kakhulu).
Ngenhlanhla, ukutholakala komuthi wokugoma (171 kuya ku-179 wezigidi) kuhlinzeka ngeminyaka eminingi, kunika abantu abaningi ngendlela enhle yokugwema ukukhuhlane - umuthi wokugoma waminyaka yonke.
Uma ungeke ukwazi ukuthola ukuguquka komkhuhlane futhi udalwe kumuntu onomkhuhlane, ungase ubuze udokotela wakho ngokumisela imithi yokuvimbela i-antiviral ukusiza ukuvimbela ukuthi ungaguli. Lezi zidakamizwa zamagciwane zihlanganisa uTamiflu (oseltamivir). Nakuba kuvamile kuphela ukuthi kunqunywe izinsuku ezingu-10 emva kokutholakala komkhuhlane wakho, kungasetshenziswa isikhathi eside isikhathi sonke sonyaka wesifo somkhuhlane uma ubhekwa njengengozini enkulu yokugula kakhulu ngenxa yempukane futhi awutholanga ukugujwa komkhuhlane.
U-Tamiflu, no-Relenza (zanamivir), bangasetshenziswa njengokwelapha uma ugula ngophuhlane. Njengokwelashwa kwemikhuhlane, banganciphisa isikhathi umuntu osuleleke ngumkhuhlane agule cishe usuku olulodwa uma ukwelashwa kuqalwa phakathi nezinsuku zokuqala ezimbili zokugula.
Amanye amathiphu okugwema umkhuhlane
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uthola ukushiswa komkhuhlane noma cha, ngoba akusiyo i-100% ephumelelayo, kufanele ulandele lezi zinyathelo ukusiza ekuvimbeleni wena nomndeni wakho ukuba ningaguli ngentshefu:
- Geza izandla zakho kaningi. Khumbula ukuthi enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu abantu abamba amaqanda futhi umkhuhlane ugoqa imphunga yabo noma amehlo abo ngemuva kokuthi izandla zabo zihlaselwe igciwane. Ngokugeza izandla zakho njalo, ikakhulukazi:
- ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, nangemva kwakho ukulungiselela ukudla
- ngaphambi kokuba udle, futhi ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu yokugezela
- ngemuva kokuphatha izilwane noma imfucuza yezilwane
- lapho izandla zakho zingcolile, futhi
- ngokuphindaphindiwe uma othile ekhaya wakho egula,
- Ngokuvamile uhlanzekile, nge-sese namanzi, futhi uchithe i-disinfect endaweni, amathoyizi, nezinto izinto izingane ezincane ezingase zibeke emilonyeni yazo. Kungasiza futhi ukusula izakhiwo ngamathawula wephepha angaphonswa noma amathawula wezindwangu angahlanzwa kamuva.
- Sebenzisa izicubu ezilahlayo ukuze usule noma uphonse impumulo yengane yakho.
- Vala ukukhwehlela kwakho. Fundisa izingane zakho 'izikhwama zokukhwehlela', okuyinto i-American Academy of Pediatrics echaza njengoba ifundisa izingane ukuba ziphendulele amakhanda futhi zikhwehle noma zifake zibe izicubu ezilahlayo noma ngaphakathi kwendwangu yazo uma zingenayo izicubu, esikhundleni sokukhwehlela noma sneezing ezandleni zabo, okuzobe besakaze amagciwane abo kukho konke abakuthinta.
- Gwema ukuxhumana okusheshayo nabantu uma ugula. Akunakwenzeka ngempela ukuba ugweme ngokuphelele abantu abagulayo, ngakho-ke kungenzeka kube ngcono uma nje ugwema ukuveza abanye abantu emagciwane akho uma wena noma izingane zakho zigula. Ngakho ungahambi esikoleni, ukunakekelwa kwelanga, umsebenzi, njll, uma ugula ngophuhlane.
- Gwema ukuthintana ngokungadingekile nabantu abaningi kubantwana bakho abancane. Akulula ukutshela njalo ukuthi abantu bayagula nini kanti abanye abantu basakazekile ngisho nangaphambi kokuba baqale babe nezimpawu, ngakho ungafaki izingane zakho ezincane ezingxenyeni ezinkulu zabantu uma ungadingeki.
- Thatha ibhodlela lamanzi elivuselelekayo esikoleni, njenge-Sigg noma i-CamelBak, esikhundleni sokusebenzisa umthombo wamanzi esikoleni, okungenzeka ungcoliswe ngamagciwane, ikakhulukazi phakathi nenkathi ebanda futhi yempukane.
Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ongayenza ukuze ugweme ukugula kungukugeza izandla njalo. Ngeshwa, abantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi izingane, abagezi izandla zabo kaningi noma abakwenzi kahle.
Kufanele ugeze nini izandla zakho?
Kufanele ugeze izandla zakho kaningi. Mhlawumbe kaningi kakhulu kunokwenza manje ngoba awukwazi ukubona amagciwane ngeso elize noma uzizwa, ngakho-ke awukwazi ngempela ukuthi bafihle kuphi.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugeza izandla zakho
- Ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, nangemva kokulungiselela ukudla
- Ngaphambi kokuba udle, futhi ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu yokugezela
- Emva kokusingatha izilwane noma imfucuza yezilwane
- Lapho izandla zakho zingcolile, futhi
- Ngokuvamile uma othile ekhaya wakho egula.
Iyiphi indlela efanele yokugeza izandla zakho?
- Okokuqala, faka izandla zakho bese usebenzisa isobho elihlanzekile noma elihlanzekile. Beka insipho yesibhagi emgqeni bese uyivumela ukuba idonse.
- Ngokulandelayo gubungula izandla zakho ngokukhululekile bese uhlunga yonke indawo.
- Qhubeka ngamasekhondi angu-10 ukuya kwangu-15 noma mayelana nobude be-tune kancane. Kuyinto insipho ehlangene nesenzo sokuhlunga esiza ukukhipha nokususa amagciwane.
- Hlanza kahle bese usula izandla zakho.
Imithombo:
I-CDC. Ukuvimbela Nokulawulwa Kwesifo Sokukhulelwa Ngezinyanga Zonyaka Ngezinsana: Izincomo zeKomidi Elilulekayo Emisebenzini Yokugoma (ACIP) - United States, 2014-15 Influenza Season. I-MMWR. Agasti 15, 2014/63 (32); 691-697