Ngenkathi ama-X-ray acacile ehlola ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging ewusizo ekuhloleni izinkinga ezihlukahlukene zezempilo, odokotela bavame badinga izivivinyo ezingokomfanekiso zokudokotela zezokwelapha ukuze bazize imbangela yezibonakaliso zesiguli. I-tomography ye-Computed (CT) ne-imagery magnetic resonance (MRI) ingasetshenziselwa izinhloso zokuxilonga nokuhlola .
Kuzo zombili izivivinyo, isiguli sigxila etafuleni esuswa ngesakhiwo esine-donut njengoba izithombe zitholakala.
Kodwa kukhona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-CT ne-MRI.
I-Tomical Computed (CT)
Enkampini ye-CT, i-X-ray ibhakhodi ijikeleza umzimba womuguli. Ikhompiyutha ithatha izithombe bese ivuselela izingcezu zomzimba zomzimba. Izikrini ze-CT zingagcwaliswa okungenani imizuzu emihlanu, okwenza kube lula ukusebenzisa iminyango ephuthumayo.
Isithwebuli se-CT sisetshenziselwa kakhulu izakhiwo zomzimba ezilandelayo kanye nokungajwayelekile:
- Ubuchopho obunzima buyingozi ngenxa yokushaya noma ukuhlukunyezwa
- Izakhiwo zeBony
- Ukumbumbuluza kwepulmonary - i-blood clot emaphashini
- Amapulazi, isisu nesifuba
- Amatshe ezinso
Ukuhlolwa kwe-CT kusetshenziselwa ukuqondisa ukufakwa kwenaliti ngesikhathi se-biopsy yamaphaphu, isibindi noma ezinye izitho.
Ezimweni ezithile, idayisi ehlukile ihlinzekwa isiguli ukuthuthukisa ukubonakala kwezakhi ezithile ngesikhathi se-CT. Ukungafani kunganikezwa ngaphakathi, ngomlomo noma nge-enema. Ukuphikisana okungahambi kahle akusetshenziselwa iziguli ezinesifo esibalulekile sezinso noma ukungezwani komzimba.
Izikrini ze-CT zisebenzisa imisebe ye-ionizing ukuthatha izithombe. Lolu hlobo lwemisebe lubangela ukwanda okuncane emngciphekweni wokuphila komuntu ngamunye wokuba nomdlavuza. Ukusabela emisebeni ye-ionizing kuyahluka phakathi kwabantu. Imisebe iyingozi kumazingane. Isibonelo, isifundo esiholwa uProfesa Mark Pierce weNyuvesi yaseNewcastle, UK, wabonisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwemisakazo evela ku-CT scans kanye ne-leukemia kanye ne-tumor tumors ezinganeni.
Kodwa-ke, abalobi bayiqaphele ukuthi izingozi eziphelele ezithintekayo zincane, futhi ngokuvamile, izinzuzo zomtholampilo zidlula izingozi.
Futhi, njengoba ubuchwepheshe buye buphuthumayo, umthamo wemisebe edingekayo ekutheni i-CT scan isancishisiwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ikhwalithi ye-imaging jikelele isibe ngcono. Ezinye isithwebuli esilandelayo ezizukulwaneni ezilandelayo zinganciphisa ukuvezwa kwemisebe ngamaphesenti angama-95 kuqhathaniswa nemishini yendabuko ye-CT. Ngokuvamile ziqukethe imigqa eyengeziwe yezingcingo ze-X futhi vumela ukucabanga okusheshayo ngokuthatha indawo enkulu yomzimba ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngokwesibonelo, i-CT coronary angiographies ehlola imizwa yenhliziyo manje ingathatha isithombe senhliziyo yonke ngesifo senhliziyo esisodwa uma usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe beveli.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphepha kwemisebe nokuqwashisa imisebe kuye kwaxoxwa kabanzi. Izinhlangano ezimbili ezisebenzayo ekuqapheleni yi-Image Gently Alliance kanye Nezithombe Ngokuhlakanipha. Isithombe Ngokunene sikhathazekile ngokulungisa ama-radiation amanani ezinganeni, kuyilapho Isithombe ngokuhlakanipha sikhankasela imfundo engcono mayelana nokuvezwa kwemisebe kanye nokubhekana nokukhathazeka okuhlukahlukene okuhlobene nokulinganisa kwama-ray okuhlolwa okuhlukile kwe-imaging. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukubaluleka kokuxoxa ngezingozi zemisebe neziguli; njengesiguli, kufanele uhileleke enkambweni yokwenza izinqumo ezabiwe.
Ukufaniswa kwe-Magnetic Resonance (MRI)
Ngokungafani ne-CT, i-MRI ayisebenzisi imisebe ye-ionizing. Ngakho-ke, kuyindlela ekhethiwe yokuhlola izingane kanye nezingxenye zomzimba okufanele zingakhanyiswa uma kungenzeka, isibonelo, isifuba nesifuba kubesifazane.
Esikhundleni salokho, i-MRI isebenzisa amasimu magnetic namagagasi omsakazo ukuthola izithombe. I-MRI ikhiqiza izithombe ezithintekayo ezilinganisweni eziningi-okungukuthi, ngobubanzi, ubude nokuphakama komzimba wakho.
I-MRI ifanelekile ukubuka izakhiwo zomzimba ezilandelayo nokungajwayelekile:
- Ukulimala kwamathenda nemigqa ezungeze amalunga afana namadolo noma amahlombe. (I-tendon ixhuma imisipha kuya ethambo ukuze ihambise ithambo. I-ligament ixhumanisa amathambo nasetheni ukuze kuqiniswe ukubambisana.) Isibonelo, udokotela angase alawule i-MRI uma othile enesibonakaliso noma izimpawu zensiza ephukile emadolweni.
- Izinkinga zentambo yomgogodla, njenge-disc herniated noma i-stinalosis yomgogodla
- Izinkinga zobuntu, ezifana nesifo sofuba, ukutheleleka, izibungu ezindala kanye ne-multiple sclerosis
- Osteomyelitis (ukutheleleka okungapheli kwamathambo)
Imishini ye-MRI ayiyona indawo evamile njengemishini ye-CT, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile kuvame isikhathi eside sokulinda ngaphambi kokuthola i-MRI. Ukuhlolwa kwe-MRI kuyabiza kakhulu. Ngenkathi isithwebuli se-CT singagcwaliswa ngemaminithi angaphansi kwengu-5, izivivinyo ze-MRI zingathatha imizuzu engu-30 noma ngaphezulu.
Imishini ye-MRI iyamemeza, futhi ezinye iziguli zizwa zihlwitha phakathi kwezivivinyo. Imithi yokwelapha ngomlomo noma ukusetshenziswa komshini "ovulekile" we-MRI kungasiza iziguli zizwe zikhululekile.
Ngenxa yokuthi i-MRI isebenzisa amakhomitha, inqubo ayinakwenziwa ngeziguli ezinamadivaysi athile ensimbi, njengama-pacemaker, ama-valve yenhliziyo, ama-stents e-vascular noma ama-aneurysm omfisha.
Amanye ama-MRIs adinga ukusebenzisa i-gadolinium njengombala ohluke ngaphakathi. I-Gadolinium ngokuvamile iphephile kunezinto ezihlukehlukene ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kwe-CT kodwa zingalimaza iziguli ezise-dialysis yokuhluleka kwezinso.
Izentuthuko zezobuchwepheshe zamuva zenza nokwenziwa kwe-MRI kwemibandela yezempilo lapho i-MRI ngaphambilini ingafanele khona. Isibonelo, ngo-2016, ososayensi baseSir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre e-UK bathuthukisa indlela yombhalo eyayiyokwazi ukuvumela ukucabanga ngemaphaphu. Indlela yokusebenzisa i-krypton gas ephathwayo njenge-agent engalingani futhi ibizwa ngokuthi i-Inhaled Hyperpolarised Gas MRI. Iziguli zidinga ukufaka igesi ngendlela ehlanzekile kakhulu, evumela ukukhiqizwa kwesithombe esiphezulu se-3D samaphaphu abo. Uma ukuhlolwa kwalendlela kuphumelele, ubuchwepheshe obusha be-MRI bunganikeza odokotela ngezithombe eziphuthumayo zezifo zamaphaphu, njenge-asthma ne-cystic fibrosis. Amanye amagesi ahloniphekile nawo asetshenziselwa ifomu eline-hyperpolarized, kuhlanganise ne-xenon ne-helium. I-Xenon ibekezelela kahle umzimba. Kuyinto engabizi ngaphezu kwe-helium futhi iyatholakala ngokwemvelo. Kuye kwaphawulwa njengento ewusizo ikakhulukazi uma kuhlolwa izici zomsebenzi wamaphaphu kanye nokushintshaniswa kwe-alveoli (amabhasi amancane amancane emaphashini). Ochwepheshe balinganisela ukuthi ama-agent angalingani okungafani nawo angabonisa ukuthi aphakeme kunezindlela ezikhona zokucabangela nokuhlolwa komsebenzi. Banikeza ulwazi oluphezulu kakhulu emsebenzini kanye nesakhiwo samaphaphu, atholakala ngesikhathi sokuphefumula okulodwa.
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