I-oral contraceptive , eyaziwa ngokuthi amaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha noma nje "iphilisi", yamukelwa yi-FDA ngoJuni 23, 1960. Iphilisi ishintshe impilo yabesifazane eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu edlule. Nansi umlando omfushane wephilisi lokulawula ukuzalwa nokuthi usebenza kanjani.
Iphilisi Lokuqala Lokuzalwa Lokuzalwa
Ukulawulwa kokuzalwa kokuqala kwakuthiwa u-Enovid futhi kwenziwa nge-Searle.
Owesifazane we-1960, kanye nabesifazane namuhla, bathande iphilisi ngoba yanikeza indlela yokuvuselela ukuzalwa okuyiyona ndlela, kanti nanamuhla, cishe amaphesenti angu-100 aphumelelayo uma kuthathwa njengokuqondiswa.
Ukulawulwa Kwokuzalwa Nokukhulula Kwabesifazane
Ukuvunyelwa kolawulo lokubeletha kwadlala indima enkulu ekukhulekeleni ngokobulili kwabesifazane okwenzeka phakathi nawo-1960. Ngokokuqala ngqa, abesifazane babekhululekile ukujabulela ubulili obuhlukile ngaphandle kokwesaba ukukhulelwa. Namuhla kulinganiselwa ukuthi abesifazane abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-10 basebenzisa iphilisi.
Indlela iPilisi Esebenza ngayo
Imithi yokuvimbela izitho zomzimba isebenza ngokunciphisa i-ovulation ukuze kungabikho amaqanda akhishwa ama-ovari ukufaka umquba nge-sperm. Ukuvuthwa kugxiliwe ngezenzo zamahomoni - i-estrogen yedwa noma inhlanganisela ye-estrogen ne-progestin - ukuthi iphilisi yokulawula ibelethi iqukethe.
Iphilisi lokulawula ukuzalwa aligcini nje ukuvimbela ukukhulelwa okungahleliwe , futhi inikeza nezinye izinzuzo eziningana kwabesifazane abasebenzisa.
Empeleni, abesifazane abathatha ipilisi okungenani ngonyaka owodwa bangamaphesenti angama-40 amathuba okuba nomdlavuza wesibeletho nomdlavuza we-ovarian . Ezinye izinzuzo ezibalulekile zephilisi lokulawula ukuzalwa zihlanganisa ukulawula izikhathi ezingavamile, ukulawula izigaxa, ukunciphisa izikhwama zokuya esikhathini nokunciphisa izimpawu ze- premenstrual syndrome (PMS).
I-hormone equkethwe emithonjeni yokukhulelwa ngomlomo inikeza nomthelela wokuzivikela ekubhekaneni nesifo sokuvuvukala kwe-pelvic, imbangela enkulu yokungasebenzi. Lokhu kuvikelwa kubangelwa ukuqina okwenyuka kwe-mucus yomlomo wesibeletho eyenzeka lapho kusetshenziswa isisu somlomo. I-mucus yomlomo wesibeletho eqinisiwe isiza ukugcina amabhaktheriya engangeni emgodini, futhi mhlawumbe izibeletho zesisu nesiguli, lapho izifo ezivuvukala zitholakala khona.
Imithombo:
UJones, J., Mosher, W., noDanels, K. (2012). Ukusetshenziswa Kwamanje Kwezokuvimbela Inzalo e-United States, 2006-2010, kanye nezinguquko kumaphethini wokusetshenziswa kusukela ngo-1995. Umbiko wezeNational Health Statistics, (60).
Umzali Ohleliwe, Ingabe Iphilisi Elihle Kuwe? 01/21/05.