Sternocleidomastoid Muscle
I-sternocleidomastoid iyi- muscle yezintambo ezingenakuqhathaniswa edlala indima ebalulekile ekusongeni ikhanda nokuguqula intamo, kanye nezinye izinto. Le misipha ngokuvamile ilula kakhulu ukubona. Ngokubukeka, kubonakala sengathi i-cylindrical, like strap-like shape ehlunga emaphethelweni futhi igijima ngokulandelana kusukela ngemuva kwezindlebe kuya kokubili kolwelwesi nesifuba.
Ngokuba ubuhlungu, imisipha ye-sternocleidomastiod ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi yisisindo se-SCM, noma i-SCM kuphela.
I-SCM iyingxenye yeqembu lemisipha eyaziwa ngokuthi i-anteriolateral neck flexors. (Eminye imisipha eqenjini le-anteriolateral i-flexor group yi-scalenes, etholakala ngokujulile entanyeni kune-SCM.) Njengemisipha ye-synergist eya kwi-SCM, ama-scalenes asiza ukuguqula futhi aphendule ikhanda nentamo.
Umsuka nokufaka
Amaphuzu okunamathiselwe kwe-SCM muscle, (eyaziwa ngokuthi imvelaphi nokufakwa) ayilula ukulandela, ngokungafani, isibonelo, kulabo abasebenzisa i-latissimus dorsi muscle. (I- latissimus dorsi , eyaziwa nangokuthi ama-lats okwesikhashana, iyisisindo esikhulu esilandelayo esithinta izakhi eziningi ezikulo trunk kanye nengalo.) Ngokuphambene, ama-lats, i-SCM ihlanganisa kuphela amathambo, futhi amathambo amane nje, lapho.
Okunye okuncane okulula ukwenza i-SCM yokunamathisela iphethini ukuthi uma isisu sesisu sisondela eduze kwe-collarbone nesifuba sesifuba, siba ngamakhanda amabili, ngakho-ke sinamaphuzu angu-2 avela kunalokho okujwayelekile ukuthi imisipha eminingi .
Ngakho-ke, kuphi, impela, isisulu se-SCM sithoma? "Inhloko" eyodwa ye-SCM ifaka ngaphambili (okungukuthi, indawo yangaphakathi) yomuntu. (I-manubrium iyinhloko engaphezulu kwesifuba sesifuba.) Elinye ikhanda lihlanganisa ingxenye ephezulu (ebizwa ngokuthi isici esiphezulu) se- collarbone , eduze nomjikelezo womzimba.
Ngaphezulu kwalokho, i-SCM ifaka inqubo ye-mastoid, okuyi-projection encane yethambo elivela ethambo lesimanje. Njengoba igama liphakamisa, ithambo lesikhashana liyingxenye ye-skull (eyodwa ngakwesokunene ngasinye) okwenza amathempeli. Inqubo ye-mastoid itholakala ngaphansi kwethambo lesimanje, ngemuva kwendlebe yakho. Ungakwazi ngempela ukubona inqubo ye-mastoid ngokuthinta leyo ndawo ngemuva kwendlebe yakho. Khona-ke, uma uhamba iminwe yakho kancane ungase ukwazi ukuzwa izicubu ezithambile eziyisisindo se-SCM. Amanye amafayili e-SCM afaka futhi ngaphansi kwethambo le-occipital, elitholakala eduze nenqubo ye-mastoid, kude nezindlebe.
Okushiwo yi-Sternocleidomastoid Muscle
Ngokwengxenye, ukunyakaza kwentamo okukhiqizwa yi-sterocleiomastoid kuyahluka kuye ngokuthi ngabe eyodwa noma kokubili imisipha ye-SCM isebenza.
Uma nje kuphela izikhwama ze-SCM ezivumelanisiwe, ihlanganisa ikhanda lakho elihlangothini olufanayo (elibizwa ngokuthi i-side side) lapho i-muscle itholakala khona. Isibonelo, i-SCM ngakwesokunene kwentamo yakho ihlanganisa ikhanda lakho ngakwesokudla sakho.
I-SCM iphinda iphendukele (ijika) ikhanda lakho ohlangothini oluphambene (olubizwa ngokuthi uhlangothi lwendawo). Isibonelo, uma ujikeleza noma ujika ikhanda lakho ngakwesokudla, i-SCM yakho yesobunxele iyakwenza isivumelwano.
Kulesi simo, i-SCM ibuye iphinde ibheke ubuso phezulu kancane (okuthiwa i-neck extension).
Uma inkontileka yemisipha yombili ye-SCM (ebizwa ngokuthi i-contraction bilateral; izinhlangothi zomhlaba ezimbili) umphumela ukunyakaza kwentamo yenhliziyo eyenzekayo ekuhlanganyeleni kwakho kokuqala kwe-intervertebral. Umhlanganiso wokuqala we- intervertebral ingxenyana ephezulu yomgogodla; yindawo lapho ikhanda lakho lihlala khona entanyeni yakho. Lokhu ukunyakaza kwe-extension kwakha ikhanda emuva.
Kodwa ukuchotshozwa kokubili kwemisipha ye-SCM kubuye kuguqule intamo yakho, okuletha isikhumba sakho phansi ekuqondeni kwesifuba sakho sebele. Futhi imisipha ye-SCM yezinhlangothi zombili ixosha inselele phambili-uma nje ugcina izinga lakho lekhanda, okungukuthi.
Uma kokubili inkontileka yemisipha ye-SCM ngesikhathi esisodwa, kusiza inqubo yokuphefumula, futhi. Ngentamo yakho eqhubekile, ukuvinjelwa kwamanye amazwe emisipha ye-SCM kubangelwa ukuphakanyiswa kwe-manubrium kanye nemikhawulo ye-collarbones esiseduze ne-middleline yomzimba.
I-SCM idlala indima ku-torticollis, isimo lapho ikhanda eliphikisana nalo liqhubeka khona. Njengoba i-torticollis, futhi ibuye ibuye phambili phambili kwekhanda, i-SCM ingase ibe esimweni esifushane.
I-SCM njenge-Anatomical Landmark
Umzimba we-SCM unesithakazelo kubafundi be-anatomists ngoba isikhundla esiyingqayizivele esithinta entanyeni senza kube ukhiye ekuqondeni ukuhlelwa kwemisipha yomlomo wesibeletho. I-SCM ihlukanisa i-neck musculature ibe yindawo yangaphakathi (yangaphambili) kanye ne-posterior (emuva) ngaseceleni, okwenza umgogodla wesibeletho ufunde kalula.
Okokuqala, kunxantathu yangaphakathi. Ingxenye ye-SCM ebheke ngaphambili, noma ebusweni ibhekwa njengengxenyeni ye-lateral (eceleni) yangxenyeni yangaphakathi yentamo. Unxantathu wangaphakathi unqanyelwe phezulu ngesikhumbuzo, phansi nge-sternum bone (isifuba sesifuba) futhi phakathi nendawo emcimbini, noma umugqa wokuvuthwa kwemvelo, ohlukanisa umzimba emaceleni engxenyeni kwesobunxele nangesokudla. Unxantathu wangaphakathi unamanye amancane angaphansi kwe-triangles, futhi.
Ingxenyeni yangaphambili yohantathu yangemva (emuva) iqondiswe yingxenye ye-SCM ebheke ngemuva noma emuva. Ngaphezulu, ukuthatha unxantathu owehla ngemuva kunomqondo noma iphuzu lapho i-SCM nemisipha ye- trapezius ihlangana khona ngaphansi kwe-occipital (emuva kwe-skull bone). Ingxenyeni yezintathu zangasese ephakathi kwezintathu zamathambo akho.
Imithombo:
I-Kapandji, IA, "I-Physiology yama-Joints". Uhlelo lwesihlanu. Churchill Livingstone. I-English Edition 1987. eNew York.
UKendall, uFlorence Peterson, uMcCreary, u-Elizabeth Kendall, no-Provance, uPatricia Geise. Imisipha Ukuhlola nokusebenza nge-Posture and Pain. Yesithathu. Baltimore, Maryland: Williams & Wilkins, ngo-1983
U-Moore, uKeith, uL., uDalley, u-Arthur, F. U-Anatomy ovelele emitholampilo. Ukukhishwa kwe-5. 2006 Lippincott, Williams noWilkins.