Yini okudingeka ukwazi ngomdlavuza futhi usebenze? Ungakwazi ukuthatha isikhathi? Ayini amalungelo akho angokomthetho? Yini okufanele usho, noma ungasho, emsebenzini?
Ukuxilongwa komdlavuza wesifuba kungabangela ukwesaba emazingeni amaningi, hhayi okungenani ukuthi isifo kanye nokwelapha kuyoba nomthelela kanjani ikhono lomuntu lokusebenza. Akuyona nje imali engenayo kuphela, kodwa ngokuvamile, umshuwalense wezempilo onikezwe umqashi.
Ngaphambi kokudalula ukuxilongwa, thatha isikhathi sokucwaninga izinqubomgomo zenkampani, kufaka phakathi ikhefu lezokwelapha kanye nesimo se-flex. Kungase kube nomqondo wokuthola umqondisi wehhovisi osuvele ehamba nge-maze yokuhlala nokukhokhelwa ukukhubazeka.
Ukutshela i-Boss kanye nozakwethu
Ngokuvamile, ukwabelana ngezindaba zokuphila nalabo abasebenza emsebenzini akulula, kodwa uma ukhuluma ngesifo somdlavuza webele, amagama angabanjwa emlonyeni wakho.
Okokuqala, ungayiqedi . Asikho isizathu sokukhuluma nomphathi noma osebenza nabo ngemva nje kokuthola izindaba. Linda kuze kube yilapho lizwa likhululekile ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ayikho indlela efanele noma engalungile yokudalula ukuxilongwa komdlavuza . Abanye abantu bangase bazizwe bengakhululekile ukukhuluma nomphathi wabo noma umphathi wabo kuqala, begwema ukuxhumana okungenakwenzeka okungasuka ekugayeni kwehhovisi. Cabanga ukuhlela umhlangano noma isidlo sasemini, ngakho ungaqiniseka ukuthi uyakunaka. Futhi, khumbula ukuthi izingxoxo phakathi komphathi nomsebenzi zivikelwe.
Umphathi unesibopho esingokomthetho sokugcina ulwazi oluyimfihlo. Kodwa-ke, abasebenzisana nabo abanalo isibopho esifanayo.
Ukukhuluma nabanye osebenza nabo mayelana nokuxilongwa komdlavuza akusona isidingo; Kodwa-ke, abasebenzisana nabo bangaba ngumthombo wokusekela ongalindelekile. Kuvamile ukuba ozakwabo banikele ukusekelwa okudingekayo kulabo abanomdlavuza webele.
Lokhu kusekelwa kungabandakanya usizo lomuntu siqu emsebenzini, lunikezwe izinsuku zeholide, noma umkhankaso wokuqoqa imali.
Yilungele imibuzo. Ozakwethu bangase babuze mayelana nezinhlelo zokwelashwa nemiphumela emibi. Ungazizwa unesibopho sokukwabelana ngolwazi okungcono ukuthi ugcine ngasese . Umphathi noma umphathi angase afune ukwazi ukuthi indawo yokuhlala ingadingeka. I-American Cancer Society iphakamisa ukuthi uhlele uhlelo ngaphambi kokukhuluma nomphathi wakho. Kodwa kulabo abangaqiniseki okwamanje, ungesabi ukumane uthi, "Angazi okwamanje. Ngingabuyela kuwe?"
Ukucela Ukuhlala
Abaqashi badinga umthetho wesifundazwe ukunikeza "indawo yokuhlala efanele" kunoma ubani onesifo sokukhubazeka. Ngokusho kwabaseMelika abakhubazekile (ADA), umdlavuza ufanelekile njengokukhubazeka lapho lesi sifo noma imiphumela yaso ekwelapheni kungavimbela "imisebenzi enkulu yokuphila" yomuntu. Bheka isigaba esilandelayo ukuze uthole okwengeziwe mayelana neziqu zomdlavuza njengokukhubazeka.
Lezi zindawo zingahluka kakhulu, kuye ngesidingo somuntu. Ngokusho kwe-US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), izibonelo zokuhlala zihlanganisa:
- Isikhathi sokuqashwa kwabahlengikazi kanye nokuphulukiswa ekwelapheni
- Ikhefu elifushane ngesikhathi somsebenzi ukuphumula nokuphumula
- Isikhathi somsebenzi eshintshiwe
- Ukunika abanye umsebenzi umsebenzi okwesikhashana
- Izinguquko endaweni yemisebenzi, njengokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa noma izinguquko zokusebenza ukuze kuqinisekiswe induduzo
- Ukuhlelwa umsebenzi kusuka ekhaya
Ngokusho kwe-EEOC, igama elizwakalayo liyisihluthulelo. Abasebenzi abanomdlavuza webele abangeke benze izicelo zomqashi wabo obangabangela "ukuhlupheka okungadingekile." Igama elithi "ubunzima obungadingekile" lihlukile kunkampani yonke. Kodwa iningi lalezi zindawo zokuhlala nabantu ngabanye abanokukhubazeka, hhayi nje umdlavuza, izinkampani ezibiza izindleko kakhulu.
Ucwaningo lwe-International Foundation of Employee Benefit Plans olugxile kubesifazane abasebenza ngomdlavuza wesifuba, lathola ukuthi abaqashi babevame kakhulu ukunikeza indawo yokuhlala.
Mayelana nokuhlela, ucwaningo lwabika ukuthi mayelana no-85% avumela isisebenzi somdlavuza webele ukuba sinciphise amahora akhe, 79% avumele uhlelo lokuguquguquka, 47% wenza ucingo olukhethwa ngumsebenzi kanti 62% bavumelana nokuphumula okufutshane ngesikhathi sosuku ukuphumula nokubuyiselwa.
Abaqashi bathi banamalungiselelo okushintsha umsebenzi womsebenzi, kuhlanganise nokunikezela umsebenzi ohlukile (58%), ukuguqula izikhathi zokugcina noma ezinye izinhlelo ezivunyelwene ngaphambilini (60%) nokwabelana ngomsebenzi (28%).
Amalungelo Esemthethweni Okukhubazeka kanye ne-FMLA
Ngaphansi kwe-ADA, umdlavuza ufaneleka ngokusemthethweni icala. Isenzo sivikela abantu ekulahlekelweni kwemisebenzi ngenxa yokukhubazeka futhi usetha iziqondiso zabaqashi mayelana nokuhlala okudingekayo. I-EEOC yase-US, eqinisa i-ADA, inikeza isibonelo esilandelayo sowesifazane onomdlavuza wesifuba ozofanelekela ukuvikelwa komsebenzi ngaphansi kwesenzo.
"Ngokulandela i-lumpectomy nemisebe yomdlavuza wesifuba othukuthele, ummeleli wezokuthengisa we-computer wabhekana nesicuphoso esikhulu kakhulu nokukhathala okuqhubekayo izinyanga eziyisithupha. Waqhubeka nokusebenza ngenkathi elashwa, nakuba ayevame ukuza ekuseni, asebenze kamuva kusihlwa ukwenza isikhathi, futhi ukuthatha amakhefu lapho ezwa isisulu sokuhlanza nokuhlanza. Wayekhathele kakhulu lapho efika ekhaya ukupheka, ukuthenga noma ukwenza imisebenzi yasendlini futhi kwakudingeka athembele kuphela kumyeni wakhe nezingane zakhe ukwenza le misebenzi. umdlavuza ukukhubazeka ngoba ubeka umkhawulo wokukwazi ukuzinakekela . "
Uma unomuzwa wokuthi amalungelo akho aphuliwe noma ulahliwe emsebenzini ngenxa yokuxilongwa kwakho, udinga ukukhokhisa "ezinsukwini ezingamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalolunye isenzo sokucwaswa," ngokusho kwe-EEOC. I-EEOC ingafinyelelwa ku- (800) 669-4000.
Izinkampani eziningi zinikeza inkokhelo yokukhubazeka kwabasebenzi abalimala kabi noma abalimele, kodwa ngokuvamile lezi zinhlelo zidinga umnikelo wesisebenzi. Khuluma nommeleli wemithombo yomuntu mayelana nokukhokhelwa kokukhubazeka nokuthi ungakuqoqa kanjani uma umqashi wakho enikeza uhlelo.
Umthetho Wezokwelapha Emndenini (FMLA) uvikela futhi imisebenzi yabantu abane-diagnostic yomdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, akubona wonke umuntu ofanelekela ukuvikelwa kwe-FMLA. Isisebenzi kumele sibe sesisebenzele umqashi okungenani izinyanga ezingu-12 ngaphambi kwesicelo se-FMLA futhi sebenze amahora angaphezu kuka-1,250 kulowo nyaka wekhalenda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaqashi abanabasebenzi abangaphansi kuka-50 akudingeki balandele imithetho ye-FMLA.
Uma ivikelwe yi-FMLA, ungakwazi ukuthatha amasonto angu-12 ekhefu elingakhokhiwe emsebenzini. Lesi senzo sivumela abasebenzi ukuthi banesifo esingathí sina sezempilo, njengesifo somdlavuza webele, ukusebenzisa ikhefu labo "ngokulandelana." Lokhu kusho ukuthi isisebenzi singasusa usuku olulodwa ngesonto ngalinye noma sithathe amaviki amabili ukuze siphumelele ekuhlinzekeni ngenkathi sisindisa amaviki asele ukuze asebenze ngesikhathi sokushiswa kwemisebe noma imithi yokwelapha.
Imithombo:
I-American Cancer Society. Umthetho Wokukhubazeka waseMelika: Ulwazi kubantu ababhekene neCanscer. Kubuyekezwe 11/21/14.
I-American Cancer Society. Umthetho WezeMndeni Nezokwelapha (FMLA). Kubuyekezwe 11/21/14.
I-American Cancer Society. Ukusebenza Ngokwelashwa Kwemdlavuza. Kubuyekezwa 04/14/14.
Hansen, J., Feuerstein, M., Calvio., No-C. Olsen. Abasindile bomdlavuza besifuba emsebenzini. Journal of Medicine Occupational and Environmental . 2008. 50 (7): 777-84.
Neumark, D., Bradley, C., Henry, M., noB. Dahman. Ukuqhubeka nokuhlinzwa uma unesifo somdlavuza webele: indima yokuhlala endaweni yokuhlala. Ukubuyekezwa Kwezezimboni Nezimboni . 2015. 68 (8): 916-954.
Paalman, C. et al. Ukuqashwa kanye nezinzuzo zenhlalakahle eminyakeni engaba ngu-10 emva kokuxilongwa komdlavuza webele: isifundo esisekelwe kubantu. I-British Journal of Cancer . 2016. 114 (1): 81-7.