Njengoba kuningi ezweni le-autism , incazelo yenqubo enhle yezemfundo ixhomeke ezidingo zomntwana ngamunye. Ngakho-ke, nakuba kunezici ezithile ezingahle zenzeke kunoma imuphi ingane ene-autism, okusemqoka kuyinkimbinkimbi yamanye nezinselelo zomntwana wakho, nokuthi ngabe "bachofoze" nothisha wabo nokusetha.
Ukuze wenze izinto zijabulise nakakhulu, izinsizakalo nezinhlelo cishe zizohluka kusuka esifundeni sesifunda kuya esikoleni sesifunda futhi kusuka esifundeni kuya esifundeni. Isizwe esisodwa singase sigcizelele ukwelashwa okuhlangene okuzwakalayo kanti enye inamandla ku- Applied Behavior Analysis futhi njengoba kungekho "izinga legolide" lemfundo ye-autistic, izingane ziyavuswa zinikezwa nge-potluck. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, imindeni ehlukene ingase ibe nezintandokazi ezithile mayelana nezindlela zokwelapha nezokufundisa, ezihluka kakhulu kusuka esifundeni kuya kwesifunda nasesifundazweni kuya esifundeni.
Konke lokhu kusho, nansi ezinye izakhi eziyisisekelo ezibalulekile kunoma iyiphi uhlelo lwezemfundo eliphumelelayo labafundi be-autistic:
- Uthisha wengane yakho (kungaba uthisha okhethekile noma uthisha ovamile) kufanele abe nokuqeqeshwa kanye nesipiliyoni ekusebenzeni nezingane ze-autistic.
- Uthisha wengane yakho kufanele ibe nokusekelwa okucacile nokucacile okuvela ekuphathweni kwesikole. Kufanele akwazi ukuthola izinsiza, ukuqeqeshwa, kanye nezinto ezidingekayo.
- Uthisha wengane yakho kufanele (ngokusekelwe kwamakhono akhe nezinsiza zakhe, kanye nezinqubomgomo zesikole) ukuguqula uhlelo kanye nekharityhulam ezidingweni nezikhwepha zomntanakho ngokusekelwe kwi-IEP yengane yakho (Uhlelo olulodwa lwezemfundo).
- Kumele ukwazi ukubona ubufakazi bezindlela ezihlukene zokufundisa ezisetshenziswa ekilasini lomntanakho.
- Abanye othisha, kuhlanganise nokuzivocavoca, umtapo wolwazi kanye nezinye izitifiketi othisha, kufanele bakwazi ukufinyelela izinsiza futhi basekela njengoba besebenza nengane yakho.
- Kumele ubone ubufakazi bokuthi abafundi bayaphikisana futhi basekelwa kokubili emfundweni nasemphakathini.
- Ukwelapha okusekelayo, njengokukhuluma, ukwelapha ngokomzimba kanye nokusebenza, kufanele konke kutholakale kusayithi futhi mahhala ngezindleko ezengeziwe.
Izinketho Zezemfundo Zezingane Ezizimele: Imibuzo Yokucabangela
Ukuqakambisa? Ukufakwa? Izigaba ezidinga usizo? Isikole somphakathi? Isikole sangasese? Yikuphi okungcono kakhulu kwengane yakho? Impendulo, yebo, yiyo-konke kuxhomeke! Ezinye imibuzo okufanele uzicabangele njengoba uqala ukucabanga ngezinketho zakho ziyi:
- Ingabe umntwana wakho we-autistic ukhuluma amazwi futhi uhlanganyela?
- Amakhono akhe okufundela kanjani?
- Ungakwazi yini ukuphatha amaqembu amakhulu?
- Ingabe wenza kahle nge-input input amaningi?
- Ingabe unenkinga ngokugxila?
- Uke waba nesimo esinzima emakilasini ajwayelekile esikhathini esidlule?
- Yiziphi izinhlobo zezinhlelo zakho zesikole ezinikeza umphakathi?
- Izinhlelo zendawo zihambisana kanjani nezidingo namakhono akho wengane?
- Zikhona yini izinketho zangasese zangasese noma ze-charter ezenza umqondo wakho wokungena ngemvume nemali kumndeni wakho?
Lokho okudingekayo eMthethweni wesiFunda sakho
Uma uhlala e-United States, Abantu Abakhubazekile Ngezemfundo (IDEA) kudinga ukuthi isifunda sakho sinikeze "Imvelo Engavumelekile" ngokuphathelene nemfundo yengane yakho.
Lokho kusho ukuthi kumele bacabangele lokho okukhethwa kukho njengokuzibandakanya ngaphambi kokunquma (ngokubandakanyeka kwakho) esimweni esithile esikhethekile.
Kungenzeka ukuthi unquma ukuthi ingane yakho ingcono esimweni esithile esikhethekile kodwa uma unquma ukusebenza nezikole zomphakathi, kungase kudingeke uqinisekise ukuthi ukulungiselelwa okujwayelekile akusebenzi ngaphambi kokufuna imali yezimiso eziyimfihlo noma ezikhethekile.
Ukugxila nokuzimela
Ukuqakambisa kakhulu yisikhathi esithile esidala (isikhathi esisha "ukufakwa"). Uma kusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziselwa igama, ngokuvamile kuchaza isimo lapho ingane yakho iyingxenye yendawo yokufundela ejwayelekile enekelo elincane elincane.
Ezinye izindawo zingase zibe khona, kodwa ngokuvamile, ingane yakho kulindeleke ukuthi ikwazi ukuziphatha ngendlela efanele eqenjini elikhulu, lihambele uthisha, futhi isebenze noma ifike ebangeni eliphansi.
Ukubambisana okujwayelekile kusebenza kangcono kubantwana abaphezulu nokusebenza okungenani ngokwezenhlalo. Kungaba nzima nakakhulu ezinganeni ezingezona amazwi, ezikhathazeka kakhulu, noma okumele zenze uma zicindezelekile.
Ukufakwa kanye ne-Autism
Ukungeniswa yigama elithi "elisha elifayiliwe" elisho, ngokujwayelekile, into efana nokuthi "ukuhlanganiswa nokusekelwa." Umqondo wukuthi izingane ze-autistic zifakiwe emakilasini anezingane ezijwayelekile kepha zingase zibe nezinselelo ezibalulekile ukuze ziphumelele. Ezinye izinketho zokusekela zihlanganisa usizo loku-1: 1, ikharikhythi evunyelwe, amaqembu omphakathi akhethiwe nokuningi.
Abazali abaningi bakhetha ukufakwa njengokungalingani phakathi kweklasi lokudinga izidingo ezikhethekile kanye nokusekela okungaxhasiwe. Futhi, ngempela, ukungena kungaba yindlela enhle kakhulu endaweni efanele.
Nokho, kunezimbalwa ezimbalwa ezingahle zibe khona ukuze zifakwe. Isibonelo, izingane ze-autistic eklasini ejwayelekile zingase zithole ukuxhashazwa nokuhleka. Uma ingane inomsizi ongu-1: 1, uthisha angabona ingane ye-autistic ngokuthi "inakekelwe," futhi igxile kwabanye abafundi. Uma ingane inekharikhyulamu eguquliwe, ingase ifundiswe yena ngumsizi hhayi uthisha oqeqeshwe, owaziwayo.
I-Class Special Needs Classroom
Ngokuvamile, izingane ze-autistic zifakwa ekilasini elidinga izidingo ezikhethekile esikoleni sendawo esesidlangalaleni. Lolu khetho lungase lusebenze kahle uma uthisha eqeqeshiwe kakhulu futhi enolwazi ekufundiseni izingane ze-autistic. Amaqembu ngokuvamile amancane, kunamathuba amaningi okusebenza ngamakhono ezenhlalakahle, futhi amakilasi adingekayo okukhethekile ahlanganiswe kuyo yonke imisebenzi yesikole nemicimbi.
Amakamelo okufundela okukhethekile, kepha ngokuvamile ahloselwe izingane ezinentuthuko yezenhlalakahle ezijwayelekile ezinenkinga enzima nezifundiswa. Izingane ezigunyazayo zivame ukubhekana nenkinga ehlukile: zikhululekile kakhulu nabafundi, kodwa ziba nesikhathi esinzima ngamakhono omphakathi. Ngenxa yalokho, uhlelo olunikezwa eklasini lokudinga izidingo ezikhethekile lungase lungalungile ingane yakho.
Amakilasi Okusekela Amandla Ezikoleni Zomphakathi
Ezinye izifunda ezinkulu nezikhungo zezemfundo zesifunda zinikeza amakilasi okusekela ama-autistic akhethekile ezikoleni ezivamile zomphakathi. Lawa makilasi ahlelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zezingane ezizenzekelayo futhi abasebenza othisha nabahlinzeki abaqeqeshwe ku-autism nemfundo.
Amakilasi okusekela okuzenzekelayo anezinzuzo eziningana eziyinhloko: ngokuvamile ngokuvamile amancane kakhulu, anezinga eliphakeme eliphakeme ukuya kwengane. Banikela ngezesekelo, njengamathuluzi okufundisa okubukwayo , akhethwe ngokukhethekile kubafundi be-autistic. Futhi zingase zihlanganise nokukhuluma okunzulu nokuqeqeshwa kwamakhono emphakathini ezikoleni zabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingane eziklasini zokusekela nge-autistic, njengalezo ezifundweni ezikhethekile zemfundo, zivame ukufakwa emisebenzini yesikole jikelele njengemihlangano, ikhefu, nokunye.
Amakilasi okusekela okuzenzekelayo, kodwa, avame ukuhlukaniswa nakwezinye izikole. Izingane kulezi zigaba ngokuvamile zichithe konke noma eziningi zosuku nezinye izingane ze-autistic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokunakekelwa okuningi okukhokhelwa ekwakheni amakhono omphakathi, la makilasi angase akhohlwe amandla namakhono akho esikoleni. Akuyona into engavamile ukuba othisha bezingane abane-autism banciphise ukulindela kwamakhono abo abafundi.
Izikole ezizimele ezizimele kanye nabafundi be-Autistic
Isikole sangasese. Amakilasi amancane. Ukunakwa ngabanye. Imithombo enamandla. Umsindo omkhulu, akunjalo? Kodwa iqiniso ngaphandle kokuba ingane yakho ene-autism isebenze kakhulu futhi ikwazi ukusebenza emphakathini noma unesimo esingavamile kakhulu, izikole eziningi ezizimele ngeke zamukele ingane yakho. Ngokungafani nezikole zomphakathi, izikole zangasese azikho ngaphansi kwesibopho esingokomthetho sokufundisa ingane yakho. Futhi ezimbalwa izikole ezizimele ezizimele zilungiselelwe kahle ukusingatha noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesidingo esikhethekile.
Yiqiniso, njalo kungenzeka ukuthi umphakathi wakho wendawo unomnikelo okhethekile wangasese, njengesikhungo sokusebenzisana noma esinye isikhungo sokufunda, esifanele ingane yakho. Futhi ngokuqinisekile kungenzeka ukuthi ingane yakho nge-autism izokwakha amakhono adingekayo ukuze eze esikoleni esiphakeme esikoleni esiphakeme. Kodwa zonke izicucu kudingeka zibe khona esikoleni esizimele esizimele ukuze kube yindlela enhle.
"Ezikhethekile" Izikole Ezizimele Ne-Autism
Indawo yaseFiladelphia (lapho ngiphila khona) inezikole ezingaphezu kweziyishumi ezikhethekile ezizimele ezizimele. Kulaba, bambalwa kakhulu abazokwamukela ingane nge-autism. Zonke lezi zamukeli KUPHELA abantwana abane-autism. Abanye bangase bacabangele ingane ye-autistic kodwa bayokwamukela izingane ezinjalo ngaphansi kwezimo ezingavamile.
Isizathu salokhu siyinto elula: izidingo ezikhethekile kakhulu ezikoleni ezizimele zenzelwe izingane ezinamakhono omphakathi ajwayelekile kanye namakhono okufunda amancane. Izingane ezigunyazayo zivame ukuba nezinkinga zomphakathi ezibucayi futhi zibe ngcono kumakhono okufunda amahle kakhulu! Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingane ze-autistic zinomlando wokuthi kunzima ukufundisa kunokuba zifunde izingane ezikhubazekile-idumela elingenakufaneleka noma elingeke lifanelwe!
Lezi zikole ezakhelwe ngokukhethekile izingane ze-autistic zinenzuzo enkulu yokuthi wonke umuntu osebenzayo uyazi futhi uyaziqonda i-autism. Kungenzeka futhi babe nezinsiza eziningi zokwelashwa ezitholakala kusayithi, zonke zazo ezingafanelekela ingane yakho.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lezi zikole zamukela kuphela izingane ze-autistic, okusho ukuthi izingane eziyi-100 ezinganeni zakho ezihlangana nazo zizoba ... i-autistic. Lokhu kusho ukuthi akukho amamodeli ajwayelekile, akukho imisebenzi evamile, futhi akukho ukubandakanyeka komphakathi okujwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko "zezikole ze-autism" zingaba yenkwenkwezi: eziphezulu njenge $ 50,000 ngonyaka noma ngaphezulu. Yize kungenzeka ukuthi uqinisekise isifunda sesikole ukuba sibhale phansi ukubekwa esikoleni samabanga aphansi, kuvame ukudayiswa kanzima ngoba lezi zikole empeleni ziyi-MOST imingcele evimbayo etholakalayo.
Izikole zezingane ze-autistic zivame ukufanelana uma ingane yakho ihamba nge-autistic - futhi ngaleyo ndlela ayikwazi ukwenza kahle esimweni esincane sokuvimbela - noma ayijabuli kakhulu esimweni esivamile. Eqinisweni, ezinye izingane ezine-Asperger Syndrome zingenza kangcono esikoleni sezingane ze-autistic, ngoba zivame ukuzwela kakhulu ekunciphiseni okungenakugwema okuhambisana nezilungiselelo ezibandakanya noma ezijwayelekile.
Homeschool and Autism
Ngoba izinketho zokufundisa ingane ye-autistic zilinganiselwe - futhi ezindaweni eziningi cishe cishe azikho - inani elikhulayo labazali libuyela emakhaya esikoleni. AmaHomeschooling umgogodla okhuni ukuzondla imindeni eminingi ngoba idinga ukubandakanyeka isikhathi esigcwele komzali oyedwa noma bobabili futhi kungase kudingeke ukuba nomhlatshelo omkhulu wezezimali uma umzali oyedwa eshiya ekhaya. Nokho, emindenini eminingi, lokho kukhetha kunengqondo ikakhulukazi uma ubuhlobo nesifunda esikoleni sendawo buye buthaka kakhulu.
Kuleli qophelo, abambalwa abanobala kanye nezinhlangano zisekela abazali abahlala ekhaya labantwana basekhaya. Futhi, nakuba kungase kube nzima ukuthola eminye imindeni yasendlini yasemakhaya enezingane ezizenzekelayo, kulula ukuthola amaqembu ezinkampanini, izinhlelo, kanye nezifundo.
Esinye sezimpikiswano ezinkulu ezibhekene nemindeni yezinkolo zasemakhaya yindlela abasabela ngayo ontanga nemindeni. Imibuzo enjengokuthi "uzofundisa kanjani amakhono omphakathi?" futhi "ngeke uhambe uphahla?" kungenza kube nzima ukugcina ukuzethemba namandla. Kukhona nezinkinga ezihlobene nokuthola nokuxhasa ngemithi yokwelapha, ezemidlalo, neminye imisebenzi yangaphandle.
Kodwa "umgogodla" omkhulu kunazo zonke emakhaya ezikoleni zezikole ukuguquguquka ngokuphelele okuphathelene nomntwana ngamunye. Uma ingane yakho ithanda izitimela, ngokwesibonelo, ungasebenzisa uTomas the Engine Tank ukufundisa amakhono okufunda nokubhala - indlela enethuba elihle lokuphumelela!