I-Cuba ikhiqiza i-cigar, i-rum kanye ... nemigomo yomdlavuza.
Lapho abantu abaningi baseMelika becabanga ngeCuba, bacabanga ukuthi uFidel uyadala, u-cigare nonpareil, i-yummy rum kanye ne-jerry-rigged imoto yezimoto zaseMelika ngo-1960. Naphezu kwalokho, ngaphambili, iCuba ingumholi wezwe ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha ngempumelelo enkulu ekwakheni imishanguzo. Inothi, I-Vaccines ibhekisela kunoma iyiphi into eyenza ukuphendula okuzenzakalelayo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuyasabela ekutheleleni kwamagciwane noma amagciwane noma ezinye izifo ezinjengomdlavuza.
Kule minyaka engama-25 edlule, abacwaningi baseCuba's Centre for Immunology Immunology baye bafunda i-CIMAvax EGF, umgomo owenza umgomo wesifo somdlavuza we-cell osaphazamisa (non-small cell cancer). Ngokuqondile, lo mgomo uveza isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela emzimbeni ekukhiqizeni amasosha omzimba ukulwa nesifo se-epidermal-growth-factor (EGF), isici sokukhula esicindezelekile emangqamuzaneni amathumba. I-CIMAvax EGF ithole ukunakekelwa kwezindaba eziningi futhi maduzane izoqala ukuvivinya komtholampilo e-United States ngethemba lokuthi umuthi wokugoma ungawuvikela empeleni umdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Ngaphezu kweCIMAvax EGF, abacwaningi baseCuban nabo bayasebenza kanzima ekugonyeni okuhlukile okubizwa ngokuthi i-Racotumomab-Alum Vaccine (Vaxira) okuhloswe ngakho ekupheleni kwe-NSCLC. Ngalokho engqondweni, ake sihlole lokho esikwaziyo mayelana nokugonywa kwe-Racoltumomab-Alum encane.
Kuyini umdlavuza we-cell lung wamaphaphu (NSCLC)?
E-United States, umdlavuza wamaphaphu ubulala amadoda nabesifazane abaningi kunanoma yimuphi omunye uhlobo lomdlavuza.
(Kuyinkinga enkulu eCuba, futhi - ngokuyingxenye ngenxa yazo zonke lezo zigwayi zaseCuban.) I-NSCLC (ngokungafani nomdlavuza wamaphaphu amancane) uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kubalwa amaphesenti angama-75 azo zonke izimo. Ngeshwa, abantu abangamaphesenti angama-70 bafunda ukuthi banayo i-NSCLC kuphela ngemva kokuba lesi sifo sithuthukile endaweni noma imetastatic.
Njengoba uningi owaziyo, umdlavuza wamaphaphu ubangela ukukhwehlela, ukuphefumula, ukulahlekelwa isisindo, ubuthakathaka futhi ekugcineni ukufa. Umdlavuza wamaphaphu we-metastatic ungasakazeka emathanjeni, isibindi, nobuchopho futhi ubangele ezinye izimpawu ezimbi.
Lapho i-NSCLC ibanjwa ngokushesha, ukuhlinzwa kuyindlela engcono kakhulu. Nokho, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, iningi labantu abane-NSCLC litholakala ngezigaba kamuva ngokuthi i-chemotherapy ibe yindlela yokwelashwa yokuqala yokuhamba phambili. Ayikho i-chemotherapy noma i-radiotherapy eye yafakaza kakhulu ekukhuliseni impilo kulabo abane-NSCLC. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi sithole udonga lwezitini ngokwezinga elinganiselwe lokuphila isikhathi esengeziwe esinikezwa yi-chemotherapy ejwayelekile ye-platinum.
Ngenzuzo ye-chemo noma ukwelashwa kwe-line wokuqala ku-NSCLC kungenzeka ukuthi ifakwe, abacwaningi baye banesithakazelo esikhulu ekwelapheni kwemigqa yesibili. Ngokucacile, abacwaningi baye bagxila ekuphatheni ukwelashwa noma ukushintsha ukwelapha . Ukwelashwa kwesondlo kusho umkhuba wokuqhubeka nokuphathwa kwezidakamizwa zokuqala zamakhemikhali kuze kube yilapho umdlavuza usuka futhi uqhubeka. Ukuguqula ukwelashwa kubhekisela ekushintsheni kuma-ejenti ahlukene emva kokulawulwa kwe-chemotherapy yokuqala; I-agent eyodwa enjalo ngumuthi wokugoma wama-racotumomab-alum.
Umuthi wokugoma wama-raotumomab-alum womdlavuza wamaphaphu
Imijovo yomdlavuza weCangan lungumuthi we-racotumomab ne-CIMAvax EGF kokubili ama-immunotherapy agents. Nge-immunotherapy, abacwaningi bakhetha isimiso somzimba sokuvikela omzimba ukulwa nomdlavuza nezinye izifo. Ngokuvamile, imizimba yethu ayilwe namaseli omdlavuza kepha "ingakhohliswa" ukwenza kanjalo ngemigomo kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-immunotherapy.
Ngokuqondile, i-racotumomab (e-alum adjuvant) i-anti-monoglonal antibody eyenza i-antilio ganglioside e-Neuglycolyl (NeuGc), i-glycolipid etholakala kuphela kuma-cell tumor. Ngakho-ke i-Racotumomab ibeka impendulo yomzimba lapho umzimba uhlasela amangqamuzana omdlavuza one-Neuglycolyl.
Ngokweqile, i-Neuglycolyl ngokuvamile isebenza njenge-immunomodulator enamandla eyanciphisa impendulo yomzimba.
Kuze kube manje, ukucwaninga nge-racotumomab kuye kwaqalwa izivivinyo zokwelashwa zesigaba sesi-II nesigaba III. Nakuba kunomkhawulo kwamandla nomkhawulo, imiphumela evela kulezi zivivinyo ikhuthaze. Kwesinye isifundo, isikhathi sokuphila esiphezulu esiphezulu sanikezelwa ezinyangeni ezingu-8.23 kubantu abane-NSCLC abaphambili abathola lo muthi njengokwelashwa kwemigqa yesibili. (Ukwelashwa kokuqala kwe-line kwaba i-chemo.) Nakuba, kubacwaningi abacwaninga bethola i-placebo (iqembu lokulawula), isikhathi sokuphila esiphezulu se-median sasingu-6.8 izinyanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusinda okuqhubekayo okungahambisani nokukhula kwaba yizinyanga ezingu-5.33 kulabo abathola umgomo ngokulinganisa nezinyanga ezingu-3.90 eqenjini le-placebo.
Ngaphezu kokuhlinzekela okunye kokufa, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi umuthi wokugoma wama-racotumomab-alum awuphephile nemiphumela emibi kakhulu ewubuhlungu obukhulu emanzini omjovo noma ebuhlungu bezinthambo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umgomo ungabizi, futhi kusukela ngo-2011, uhulumeni waseCuban uye wagomela abantu abane-NSCLC ngenani elingaphansi kuka-dollar umthamo.
Kuyavunywa, ukufaka izinyanga ezimbalwa zokuphila okunwetshiwe kumuntu onomdlavuza wamaphaphu kungase kubonakale kungabalulekile. Noma kunjalo, kumele sikhumbule ukuthi kubantu abanomdlavuza we-lung lung, izinyanga ezimbalwa zokusinda - ikakhulukazi ukusinda okungahambisani nokuqhubeka-kunganikeza ithuba lokuchitha isikhathi esengeziwe nabathandekayo nokulungisa izindaba zabo. Ukwengeza, nakuba isandiso esiphezulu esesikhathini sokusinda sithatha izinyanga ezingu-8 (khumbula ukuthi imidiya iyisiphakathi), abantu abaningi abathola umuthi wokugoma ka-racotumomab-alum baphila isikhathi eside kunalokhu - ikakhulukazi abantu abanezimpendulo zamagciwane e-IgM ne-IgG eziqinile.
Isikhathi kanye nokufunda okuqhubekayo kuzokutshela umthelela wokuthi i-racotumomab izoba nayo ekwelapheni komdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ngokwesibonelo, asikwazi ukuthi lo mgomo ungasetshenziswa yini ekuqaleni kokwelashwa kwesifo kunokuba ubekwe ekwenzeni ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo. Ngisho nangokwengeziwe okukhuthazayo, olunye ucwaningo lokuqala lubonisa ukuthi lo mgomo ungasetshenziswa nje ngomdlavuza wephaphu kuphela kodwa umdlavuza webele kanye ne-melanoma, futhi.
Njengoba izingxabano zezombangazwe phakathi kwe-United States neCuba zilulaza futhi zihambisana, asikwazi ukulindela ukuhweba kuphela kodwa nokushintshaniswa okungahleliwe kolwazi. I-Cuba inikeza ingcebo ephawulekayo yolwazi lwezokwelapha, futhi ucwaningo lwezokwelapha luye lwagxila kuhulumeni waseCastro amashumi eminyaka. Nakuba amanye amazwe enza ukungenelela ekungeneni kwe-immunotherapy, iCuba isize ukuhola insimu. Ukucabangela, iCuba yenza izinto ezinjalo ezinkingeni ezinzima zesabelomali esilinganiselwe ... isabelomali esenza uxhaso olutholakala kanzima nge-NIH kubonakala sengathi i-lottery windfall.
Imithombo ekhethiwe
Isihloko esithi "Isigameko Sengqondo Esingahleliwe, Esixubile, Esibizwa Nge-Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial of Racotumomab-Alum njenge-Treatment Maintenance Therapy kwi-Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients" ngo-S Alfonso kanye nabalobi ababambisene nabo abashicilelwe kuCwaningo lweCancer Cancer ngo-2014. / 22/2015.
Isihloko esithi "Ukuphepha nokusebenza kwe-Racotumomab-Alum Vaccine njenge-Second-Line Therapy for
I-Advanced Santos-Small Cell Lung Cancer "e-E. Santiesteban eshicilelwe kuyi-International Journal of Clinical Medicine ngo-2014. Yatholakala ngo-5/22/2015.