Okubalulekile mayelana ne-Cancer Cancer
Umdlavuza we-Lung yiyona imbangela ehamba phambili yomdlavuza womdlavuza emhlabeni wonke, kanti izigidi ezintsha ezingu-1.8 zitholakala njalo ngonyaka.
E-United States, umdlavuza wamaphaphu ngumdlavuza obulalayo kunazo zonke kubantu besifazane, usuphelile umdlavuza webele ngo-1987 njengesizathu esiholela ekufeni okuhlobene nomdlavuza. Futhi ngumdlavuza obulalayo kunazo zonke emadodeni , ebulala amadoda amaningi kunomdlavuza wesifo sofuba, umdlavuza we-pancreatic, nomdlavuza we-colon kuhlangene. Ngokuvamile, amaphesenti angu-27 okufa komdlavuza e-US angenxa yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
> Ukubheka kabanzi ngezigaba zomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Ngaphambi kokuba umuntu ahlukane nalezi zinombolo ngenxa yokubhema yedwa, kubalulekile ukukhomba ukuthi noma ngabe ukubhema kuvinjelwe namuhla, sisazoba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Umdlavuza we-Lung ku-never-smokers iyimbangela eyisithupha eyimbangela yokufa komdlavuza e-United States. Eqinisweni, kugxila ekuqedeni ukubhema njengendlela yokwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu uye, ngandlela-thile, kugxile ucwaningo olubheke kwezinye izimbangela.
Kuyini I-Cancer Lung?
Umdlavuza wamangqamu uvela ezinhlakeni zamaphaphu noma amangqamuzana afaka umoya womoya (i-bronchi). Lawa maseli aqala futhi abukeke njengamaseli omdlavuza wamaphaphu ngaphansi kwe-microscope, ngaphandle kwezinguquko ezenzeka kwinqubo yokuba nomdlavuza.
Uma umdlavuza wamaphaphu usakazeka kwezinye izifunda zomzimba, amaseli namanje amangqamuzana omdlavuza wamaphaphu. Isibonelo, uma umdlavuza wamaphaphu usakazeka ebuchosheni, amangqamuzana athathwa emetastasis (ukukhula) ebuchosheni abonakale njengamangqamuzana omdlavuza wesifo wamaphaphu ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ezinye izicubu ziqala kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba futhi zisakaze (imetastasize) emaphashini.
Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi umdlavuza we-metastatic emaphashini hhayi umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Isibonelo singaba ngumdlavuza webele osabalalisa emaphashini. Lokhu angeke kuthiwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa kunalokho "isifo somdlavuza webele wesifuba emaphashini."
I-Anatomy ye-Cancer Lung
Umdlavuza we-Lung ungenzeka noma kuphi emaphashini. Iphaphu elungile lenziwe ngama-lobes amathathu kanye ne-lung yangakwesokunxele, ama-lobes amabili.
Uma siphefumula umoya, singena emakhaleni nasemlonyeni wethu, sidlula nge-trachea (i-windpipe) bese singena ku-mainstream bronchus. Ihamba ngezinyawo nge-bronchus noma i-lung noma kwesokunxele. Ngesinye isikhathi ku-bronchi, umoya uhamba ngezinyathelo ezincane eziqhubekayo futhi zifike emagodini e- alveoli -tiny air emaphashini lapho kwenzeka khona ukushintshaniswa kwe-carbon dioxide ne-oksijeni. Ama-Capillaries (amancane kakhulu emithanjeni yegazi) azungeze i-alveoli, athole umoya-mpilo ukuwuthatha kuwo wonke umzimba. I-Cancer ingenzeka noma kuphi esimisweni sokuphefumula kusukela e-bronchi enkulu kuze kube se-alveoli.
Uphi I-Cancer Lung Kuvamile?
Ngeshwa, umdlavuza wamaphaphu uvame emhlabeni wonke. Ngokuvamile, amazwe anomdlavuza wamaphaphu emhlabeni wonke ahlanganisa eHungary, eSerbia naseKorea. Ukubheka umdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabesifazane, noma kunjalo, izibalo eziphakeme kakhulu zitholakala eDenmark, zilandelwa eduze neCanada bese kuthiwa yi-United States.
Ubani Othola I-Cancer Lung?
Isilinganiso seminyaka yomdlavuza wamaphaphu singama-70, kanti amaphesenti angu-80 abantu abakha umdlavuza wamaphaphu abhema, kodwa:
Umdlavuza we-Lung kwenzeka kubantu besifazane - Abesifazane empeleni bafa kakhulu ngenxa yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kunomdlavuza wesifuba, futhi isifo somdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabesifazane sekuncishe sifinyelele kulowo madoda. Ngo-2016 kulinganiselwa ukuthi amadoda angu-85 920 nabesifazane abangu-72,160 bazofa ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Uma kuqhathaniswa, abesifazane abangu-40,450 bazofa ngomdlavuza webele.
Umdlavuza we-Lung kwenzeka kubantu abangabhemi - Futhi ngenkathi umdlavuza wamaphaphu emadodeni abhema ayencipha, umdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabangewona abhema abanda. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi amaphesenti angu-20 abesifazane abakha umdlavuza wamaphaphu ase-US awazange aphume, futhi lelo nani lenyukela kuma-50 amaphesenti emhlabeni jikelele.
Umdlavuza we-Lung kwenzeka kubantu abadala - Kulinganiselwa ukuthi amaphesenti angu-13,4 amaphashu emaphaphu akhona kubantu abadala abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-40. Nakuba le namba ingase ibonakale encane, uma iqhathaniswa nesigameko somdlavuza wemaphaphu, akunjalo. Ukubala lokhu, abantu abasha abangaba ngu-21 000 bazofa ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu kulo nyaka (futhi baphinde baqhathanise lokhu nokufa komdlavuza wesifuba wezinwele ezingamaphesenti angama-40,450 kwabesifazane bonke ubudala.) Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane banamathuba amaningi kunamadoda ukuthuthukisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu esemncane, futhi Umdlavuza wamaphaphu kubantu abadala asebekhulile.
Izinhlobo ze-Cancer Lung
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezisemqoka zomdlavuza wamaphaphu:
- Umdlavuza omncane wamangqamuzana omncane awuvamile , unesibopho samaphesenti angama-80 kuya kwangu-85 ekhansela. Lona uhlobo lomdlavuza wamaphaphu olutholakala kakhulu kubantu abangabhemi, abesifazane nabasakhulayo.
- Umdlavuza wamaphaphu omncane unomthwalo wemayelana namaphesenti angama-15 emdlavuza wamaphaphu. Lezi zomshukela zamaphaphu zivame ukuba nezidlova futhi zingatholakali zingakaze zisakaze (ikakhulukazi ebuchosheni). Bavame ukusabela ngokucophelela kumakhemikhali kodwa bahlushwa kabi.
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Iyini Isilinganiso Sokusinda Ngesinye Isinyathelo Sengculaza Yengculazi?
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Amaseli E-Cancer Amaseli Ajwayelekile: Ahluke Kanjani?
Umdlavuza omncane wamangqamuzana ongewona omncane uphinde uhlelwe phansi zibe izinhlobo ezintathu:
- I-adenocarcinoma ye-Lung - I-adenocarcinoma engumlenze inesibopho sehhafu yamangqamuzana angamancane amaphaphu wamaphaphu futhi njengamanje uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Yilona uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wamaphaphu olutholakala kwabesifazane, abantu abadala kanye nabantu abangabhemi.
- I-Squamous cell carcinoma yamaphaphu - Umdlavuza we- Squamous cell wamaphaphu ube yinto ejwayelekile kakhulu yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa umphumela wayo wehlile eminyakeni yamuva. Ingxenye yomcabango wukuthi ukufakwa kwezihlungi kugwayi kwakha lokhu kuguquguquka. Amagciwane e-squamous amangqamuzana avame ukuvela eduze noma eduze nemikhumbi yokuhamba emoyeni - indawo yokuqala evulekayo ukubhema egwayi. Ngokuvamile, i-adenocarcinomas engama-lung itholakala ejulile emaphashini, lapho ugwayi ogwayi uhlunga khona.
- Umdlavuza wamaphaphu omkhulu - I-Cell cell carcinomas yamaphaphu avame ukukhula ezindaweni zangaphandle zamaphaphu. Lezi zivame ukukhula ngokusheshisa okusabalalisa ngokushesha.
Okunye, izinhlobo ezijwayelekile kakhulu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu zihlanganisa izicubu ze-carcinoid kanye nezicubu ze-neuroendocrine.
Izimpawu Nezibonakaliso Ze-Cancer Lung
Ukuqaphela izimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza wamaphaphu kuyadingeka wonke umuntu ngezizathu ezimbili:
- Akukhona ukuhlolwa kokuhlola okutholakala kuwo wonke umuntu, ngakho-ke kuphela indlela abantu abaningi okufanele bafumane ngayo la kansela-lapho belapha kakhulu-bazi izibonakaliso. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lusitshela ukuthi iningi labantu base-United States abazijwayele lezi zimpawu.
- Ngoba umdlavuza wamaphaphu uvamile. Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngaphambili, umdlavuza wamaphaphu uyimbangela eholela ekufeni kokubili kokubili amadoda nabesifazane nanoma ubani onamaphaphu asengozini.
Ngokuvamile, izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa:
- ukuphefumula kokusebenza nomsebenzi
- ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo
- ukukhwehlela igazi
- ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esingachaziwe
- ubuhlungu besifuba
Okuphawula ukuthi izinhlobo zomdlavuza wamaphaphu ziye zashintsha phakathi neminyaka, futhi ngaleyo ndlela, izimpawu ezivame kakhulu. Esikhathini esedlule, amakhemikhali amaphaphu anjenge-squamous cell carcinoma nomdlavuza omncane we-cell lung. Lezi zomshukela zivame ukukhula eduze kwemigwaqo emikhulu yamaphaphu futhi zibangele izimpawu ekuqaleni-ngokuvamile ukukhwehlela nokukhwehlela igazi. Manje, i-lung adenocarcinoma, i-tumor evame ukukhula ezindaweni zangaphandle zamaphaphu ivame kakhulu. Lezi zomshukela zivame ukukhula isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokubangela izimpawu, ezingase zihlanganise ukuphefumula okuncane, ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esibucayi, kanye nomqondo ojwayelekile wokungahlali kahle.
Ukuxilongwa nokuThuthukisa
Ukuhlanganiswa kwezifundo ze-imaging, kuhlanganise ne-CT, MRI, kanye ne-PET ukuhlola kungasetshenziswa ukuhlola umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-biopsy yamaphaphu ivame ukudingeka ukuze inqume uhlobo lomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Ukuqapha ngokucophelela-ukuhlolisisa ukuthi unomdlavuza wamaphaphu kangakanani-kubalulekile ekwakheni umuthi wokwelapha. Umdlavuza ongasona omncane wamaphaphu uhlehlisiwe ube yizigaba ezinhlanu: isigaba 0 kuya esigabeni IV. Umdlavuza omncane wamangqamuzana wamaphaphu uhlehlisiwe ube yizigaba ezimbili kuphela: isigaba esilinganiselwe nesigaba esiphezulu.
Izimbangela zeClay Cancer
Ngokuqinisekile, ukubhema kuyimbangela ebalulekile yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa ukuphawula izibalo ezingenhla, kunezinye izimbangela ezibalulekile zomdlavuza wamaphaphu .
Ukudonswa kwezidakamizwa ekhaya kulesi sizathu sesibili esibangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu futhi imbangela evame kakhulu kubantu abangabhemi. Noma yikuphi ikhaya e-United States (noma kuphi emhlabeni ngaleyo nkinga) ingase ibe engozini, futhi indlela kuphela yokwazi ukukwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-radon. I-Radon iyi-gesi engenamakha, engenambala ephumela ekubola kwe-uranium evamile emhlabathini ngaphansi kwamakhaya ethu. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukufa kwabantu abangama-27 000 emdlalweni we-radon wamaphaphu kwenzeka njalo ngonyaka e-US kuphela futhi amaphesenti angu-15 ekhansela emhlabeni wonke ahlobene nokutholakala kwe-radon.
Okunye ukufa kuka-7 000 umdlavuza wamaphaphu kwenzeka ngonyaka ngamunye ngenxa yomusi wesimani. Ezinye izimbangela kanye nezimbangela ezibandakanya ukubandakanya emsebenzini, ukungcola komoya, izinkuni zokhuni, nokupheka nge-ventilation empofu. Muva nje kutholakale ukuthi i-papillomavirus yabantu (i-HPV) -gciwane elibangela umdlavuza wesibeletho-lihlotshaniswa namanye amanqamuzana emaphaphu, nakuba engekho nakancane uma lokhu kungaba yinto ebangela imbangela.
I-Cancer yeMungulu Iqala Kanjani?
Umdlavuza we-Lung uqala iminyaka eminingana ngaphambi kokuba ubangele izimpawu futhi utholakala. Amaseli emaphashini angase abe amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngemva kokuba ahambisane nochungechunge lwezinguquko eziguqula zibe amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ukushintshashintsha kwe-Gene-noma ukuguquka ku-DNA yamaseli-kungase kuzuzwe njengefa (njengento eyakhelwe ifa ) noma kutholakale (kubonakaliswe njengomphumela wokuvezwa kwama- carcinogens (izinto ezibangelwa umdlavuza) emvelweni. izizathu zokuthola okuvamile ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu: Abantu abaningi bahlakulela umdlavuza wamaphaphu nakuba bengakaze baphuze, futhi abanye abantu bayabhema impilo yabo yonke futhi bangalokothi bahlakulele umdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Umdlavuza we-Lung uqala-i-tumor ivela-lapho ubuningi bomdlavuza wegazi luba khona ngokungafi ngendlela; amaseli ahlukanisa futhi aphindwe ekulawuleni. Amaseli ethu avamile alawulwa uchungechunge lwamasheke kanye nezilinganiso.
I-Cancer yeMungula ikhula kanjani futhi isakazeke kanjani
Omunye umehluko phakathi kwama-tumor lungumama ne-cancer yamaphaphu, njengoba kuphawuliwe, yilokho amangqamuzana omdlavuza wamaphaphu anakho ikhono lokuqhekeza nokusabalalisa kwezinye izifunda zomzimba. Lokhu kusakazeka, empeleni, yiyona imbangela yokufa komdlavuza. Omunye umehluko phakathi kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza namaseli avamile ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza awanakho "ukunamathela." Amaseli avamile akhiqiza izinto ezibangela ukuba bahlale ndawonye. Ngaphandle kwalokhu okunamandla, amangqamuzana omdlavuza wamaphaphu angahamba futhi akhule kwezinye izifunda, futhi ahlasele izakhiwo eziseduze.
Kunezindlela ezine eziyinhloko lapho amasondo omdlavuza wamaphaphu asakazeka khona . Ingakwazi "ukuhlasela" izicubu zendawo. Ngokungafani nezicubu ezinobungozi ezingase ziqhubekele ukulwa nezicubu eziseduze, imithi kancelisi ingena ezinhlobonhlobo eziseduze. Lesi sizathu segama elithi "umdlavuza," esuselwa egameni elithi crab; umdlavuza ungathumela izandiso ezinjengezinambuzane ezihlotsheni eziseduze.
Amangqamuzana omdlavuza we-Lung angaphinde aphule futhi asakaze ngokusebenzisa noma i-bloodstream noma uhlelo lymphatic ezindaweni ezikude. Eminyakeni yamuva, itholakale nokuthi umdlavuza wamaphaphu ungahamba futhi usakaze nge-airways emaphashini.
Ingabe Ingculaza Yengculazi Ivele Iphela?
Nakuba kungavamile kakhulu, umdlavuza wamaphaphu wenza, kwezinye izimo, nje uhambe. Lo mkhuba ubizwa ngokuthi ukukhululwa okukodwa komdlavuza. Abacwaningi bathokoza kulokhu kutholakala ukuze bafunde ukuthi amasosha omzimba ethu asebenza kanjani ukususa amaseli omdlavuza, kanye nokwelapha okuklama ngokusekelwe kulo mgomo.
Ukuhlolwa kwesifo somdlavuza
Kuze kube yamuva, asizange sibe nokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwesifo somdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa lokho kushintshile. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-chest x-rays ayilona ukuhlolwa kokulinganisa okwanele ngoba lezi zihluleka ukuthatha umdlavuza wamaphaphu esiteji ekuseni kakhulu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusinda. Umdlavuza we-Lung CT ukuhlolwa manje kunconywa kubantu aba:
- ziphakathi kweminyaka engama-55 no-80
- ukubhema okungenani iminyaka engu-30 yepakethe (unyaka wepakthi ubalwa ngokuphindaphinda inani lamaphakheji kagwayi obhema nsuku zonke inani leminyaka elibhemayo)
- qhubeka ubhema noma uyeka eminyakeni engu-15 edlule
Kubantu abanezinye izinto eziyingozi, njengomlando womndeni womdlavuza wamaphaphu, umlando we-COPD, noma ezinye izici ezingozini zomdlavuza wamaphaphu, ukuhlolwa kwesinye isikhathi kungabuye kubhekwe. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi uma wonke umuntu ofanelekayo ukuhlolwa ehlangabezana nalezi zivivinyo, izinga lokushona lomdlavuza wamaphaphu lingancipha ngamaphesenti angu-20.
Uphi I-Cancer Lungula?
Izingosi ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza we-lungs emaphashini zihlanganisa ubuchopho, amathambo, isibindi, nezigulane ze-adrenal. Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza wamaphaphu-isibonelo, umdlavuza omncane wamangqamuzana wamaphaphu-uvame ukutholakala ngemva kokuba umdlavuza usuvele usakazeka. Umdlavuza we-Lung uhlukile nakakhulu ngoba ungasakazeka emathanjeni ezandla nezinyawo.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Cancer Lung
Izinketho zokwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu ziye zathuthuka kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Lokhu kufaka:
- Ukuhlinzwa - Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokuhlinza umdlavuza wamaphaphu okungenziwa, kuye ngobukhulu nendawo yesikhumba.
- Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa - Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kunganikezwa ngokuvumelana nokuhlinzwa, ukunciphisa ubuhlungu noma ukuvinjelwa kwamanzi ngenxa yomdlavuza, noma ukulinganisa okuphezulu esifundeni esendaweni lapho uzama ukwelapha umdlavuza (i-radiotherapy yomzimba ebizwa nge-stereotactic body).
- I-Chemotherapy - I-Chemotherapy ngokuvamile isebenzisa inhlanganisela yemithi yokwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu.
- Izindlela zokwelashwa ezihlosiwe - Wonke umuntu onomdlavuza wamaphaphu kufanele abe nokuprofetha kwamangqamuzana (ukuhlolwa kofuzo) okwenziwe emathunjini abo. Imithi yokwelapha ehlosiwe okwamanje iyatholakala kubantu abathwala izicubu ezinokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo eziningana kuguquguquka kwe-EGFR, ukubuyiselwa kwe-ALK, nokulungiswa kabusha kwe-ROS1. Xhumana ne-oncologist yakho ngolwazi olusha oluthile lwezinguquko.
- Immunotherapy - Ngo-2015, izidakamizwa ezimbili ze-immunotherapy zavunyelwa ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu. Kwezinye izimo, lezi zidakamizwa ziye zaholela ekusinde isikhathi eside ngisho nalabo abanezigaba ezithuthukile zomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Uhlobo olusha olusha lomdlavuza lubizwa ngokuthi ukunakekelwa kwe-palliative. Ukunakekelwa kwe-palliative kuyinakekelwa eklanyelwe ukubhekana nezidingo zezokwelapha ezigcwele kubantu abanomdlavuza, kubandakanya ukwesekwa ngokomzimba, ngokomzwelo nangokomoya. Ngokungafani nokunakekelwa kwe-hospice, ukunakekelwa okulula kungasetshenziswa kunoma ubani, ngisho noma unomdlavuza obhekwa njengokuphulukiswa. Izifundo zakuqala zithole ukuthi, ngaphezu kokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila kubantu, lokhu kunakekelwa kungase kuthuthukise nokusinda.
Ezinye izinhlobo zokwelashwa ezifana nokukhwabanisa kungasiza abantu ukuba babhekane nezinkinga eziza nomdlavuza nemithi yokwelashwa. Lezi zokwelapha ezihlangene manje ziyatholakala ezindaweni eziningi zomdlavuza.
Uma Usanda Kuxilongwa Ngomdlavuza We-Lung
Uma usanda kutshelwa ukuthi unomdlavuza wamaphaphu, mhlawumbe ukwesaba okukhulu futhi awukhathali kancane. Ukufunda okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka mayelana nomdlavuza wakho kungakusiza uzizwe ukhathazekile kakhulu ekulawuleni ukwelashwa kwakho, futhi kukusize udlale indima esebenzayo ekunakekeleni kwakho. Cwaninga umdlavuza wakho. Finyelela kubangani nomndeni futhi uvumele ukuba bakusize ngezinto ongazinikeza zona. Funda ukuthi ungazithethelela kanjani njengesiguli somdlavuza .
Ungase uzizwe uhlukanisiwe uma ubhekana nento engekho ebandleni lakho labathandekayo abangayiqonda. Ukubamba iqhaza kumaqembu okusekela umdlavuza nemiphakathi kungakuvumela ukuthi uxhumane nabanye abahamba ngendlela efanayo. Lawa maqembu ayindlela enhle yokuhlala ivuselelwe ucwaningo lwamuva mayelana nomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Thatha isikhashana ukuzitholela, futhi uthethelele uma uzizwa ungafani. Akekho owazi kahle ukuthi bazozizwa kanjani baze baxilongwe. Imizwelo oyizwayo ingase ibe nomphumela wokudabuka ekuthukutheleni, ukukhathazeka okukhulu-ngezinye izikhathi nje kuphela imizuzu embalwa. Hlola lezi zinyathelo zokuqala uma usanda kutholakala .
Uma Othandekayo Enomdlavuza Wegciwane
Uma kungumthandi wakho kunokuba wena uthola ukuthi unomdlavuza wamaphaphu, ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube nzima nakakhulu ukubhekana nayo. Ngaphezulu kokuxilongwa, ungase uzizwe ungenakukwazi ngokuphelele ukuthi ungenzani. Ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho unenkinga nokudabuka, imizwa yakho ethandekayo ingase idideke futhi ibuhlungu nakakhulu. Hlola le mibono mayelana " lapho othandekayo wakho enomdlavuza wamaphaphu " lapho abantu abaye bahlala nalesi sifo babelana ngalokho abafisa ukuthi abathandekayo babo bazi.
Izwi elivela
Ubuso bomdlavuza wamaphaphu buyashintsha. Iminyaka eminingi, abantu abaphila nomdlavuza wamaphaphu bekufanele babhekane nokubhekwa nje kwesifo somdlavuza wamaphaphu kuba "isifo sokubhema" kodwa inkolelo yokuthi iyingozi kakhulu. Le nhlamba iyashintsha njengoba umphakathi uqaphela ukuthi noma ubani onamaphaphu angathola umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Inkinga yokusinda iyashintsha futhi, njengoba umphakathi ufunda ngemithi emisha futhi engcono esanda kuvunywa. Ngaphandle kwezokwelapha eziningi ezintsha ezivunyelwe eminyakeni embalwa edlule yedwa, kunezidakamizwa ezingaphezu kuka-100 ezicutshungulwa ekuhlolweni kwemitholampilo yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Sisekhona indlela yokuhamba, kodwa abantu abaningi basinda-futhi bayakhula-ngenkathi behlala nalesi sifo. Kukhona ithemba eliningi.
Imithombo:
I-American Cancer Society. Amanani nezinombolo ze-Cancer 2016. http://www.cancer.org/research/cancerfactsstatistics/cancerfactsfigures2016/
I-American Lung Association. I-Cancer Factory Sheet Sheet. http://www.lung.org/lung-health-and-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/lung-cancer/learn-about-lung-cancer/lung-cancer-fact-sheet.html
Dlula J, uCarbone D, uJohnson D. et al. Izimiso Nezenzo Ze-Cancer Lung . Umhlaka 4 UWilliams noWilkins: ngo-2010.