Ukuphazamiseka Kwesifiso Ebhekiswe Ekubhekaneni Nezocansi, Ukuthandana Nokuthandana
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uzwile, awuthandi lutho ngenhliziyo yakho yonke. Uyakuthanda kusuka ekujuleni kwendawo yakho ye-ventral, i-hypothalamus yakho, i-nucleus accumbens yakho, nezinye izindawo ezibalulekile zobuchopho.
Emashumini amabili edlule, ososayensi baye bahlanganyela nezixuku zezinkondlo, izazi zefilosofi, abaculi, nabanye abazama ukuqonda izindlela zothando.
Izindlela zesayensi zokuhlola ukuthi ubuchopho bubhekana kanjani namathandabu othando kusukela ekuhlolweni kwesilwane kuya kumatheksthi wendabuko kumasu aseqophelweni eliphezulu, njenge- imagination esebenzayo ye-resonance (fMRI) kanye ne- positron emissive tomography (PET) .
Ngokusho kukaDkt. Helen Fisher, omunye wabacwaningi abavelele emkhakheni wokuthandwa ngabantu, uthando luhlukaniswe zibe izinhlelo ezintathu ezinkulu zobuchopho: ubulili, uthando, nokunamathiselwe. Uhlelo ngalunye luhilela inethiwekhi ehlukene ngaphakathi kobuchopho, ehlanganisa izigaba ezihlukene, ama-hormone, nama-neurotransmitters ngezigaba ezahlukene ebuhlotsheni.
I-Sex Drive
Ukufisa kubangelwa kakhulu kwi-hypothalamus, isifunda sobuchopho esilawula nezifiso ezinjengezinlamba nokoma. I-hypothalamus isondelene kakhulu nesimiso sezinzwa esizimele esilawula izinga lenhliziyo yethu nokuthi sisheshe siphefumule kanjani. Ama-receptors aqondile kwi-hypothalamus yama-hormone afana ne- testosterone - ekhona kuwe, madodakazi - avule ukuxhumeka kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokuphendula ngokomzimba.
Umphumela uyidrayivu eqinile, ejwayelekile yokukhiqiza.
Uhlelo lwe-Romance
Lona yilokho okubangela izinkondlo eziningi zobusuku bonke. Yingakho abathandi balwa amabutho, badonsa olwandle, noma bahamba ngamakhulu amakhilomitha ukuze babe ndawonye. Ngamagama, aphezulu. Ucwaningo lokucwaninga luqinisekisa ukuthi abathandi abasha banomsebenzi ophezulu endaweni yendawo ye-ventral kanye ne-nucleus accumbens, izinhlelo ezifanayo zokuvuza ezithinta ukuvula umugqa we-cocaine.
Lezi zifunda zinezikhukhula ze-neurotransmitter dopamine, ikhemikhali esishukumisela ukuba sithole umvuzo owaziwayo. Amanye amakhemikhali ahlobene nokucindezeleka nokuzijabulisa nawo aphakanyisiwe, njenge-cortisol, i-phenylephrine (etholakala ku-ushokoledi), ne- norepinephrin . I-neurotransmitter ebizwa ngokuthi i-serotonin iphansi ekuthandweni kokuqala kothando. I-Serotonin nayo ingase ibe ngaphansi kokuphazamiseka okukhulu okucindezelayo, ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka. Umphumela ukuphishekela okufisayo okufunayo, ukungaqiniseki okungapheli, ngisho nokulutha.
Uhlelo Lokuthandwa
Yingakho abanye abantu banamathele ndawonye uma ukuthakazelisa kwe-dopaminergic sekuphelile. Ezilwaneni, amakhemikhali anomthwalo wemfanelo yi-oxytocin ne-vasopressin. Ngokuthakazelisayo, lezi zimakhemikhali zokuqeda zifihliwe yi-hypothalamus efanayo ephikisa ukuthanda kwethu.
Abanye bangabona izinhlelo ezibalulwe ngenhla njengehlobo lokuqhubekela phambili ebuhlotsheni. Isifiso sokuqala ("hey, uhle kakhulu"), khona-ke uthando ("Ngizobhala ingoma yothando"), bese umshado (calmer and cozier). Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi lezi zici zobungqingili bethu nobuhlobo bethu buyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi akalokothi ahlasele futhi avame ukusebenzisana ngezindlela ezibalulekile. Isibonelo, i-oxytocin ne-vasopressin zixhunyaniswe nesistimu yomvuzo we-dopamine.
Mhlawumbe yingakho kungumqondo omuhle ukuvuselela uthando njalo, ngakho uthando luyakwazi ukuqhakaza.
I-Heartache noma i-Headache?
Ubuhlobo buyashintsha. Ngezinye izikhathi ziguqukela zibe into ehlala kuze kube phakade, futhi ngokuvamile, ayifuni. Abaningi bethu baqamba ngaphambi komshado, behamba ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge lobuhlobo ngaphambi kokuhlangana "okunye." Futhi ngokudabukisayo, akuyona into engavamile ukuthi "lowo" uba umlingani wangaphambili.
Abacwaningi abaye bathatha izithombe zobuchopho kubantu abavele bahamba nge-break-up show izinguquko endaweni ye-ventral tegmental, i-ventral pallidum, ne-putamen, konke okubandakanyeka lapho umvuzo ungaqiniseki.
Yize lokhu kungase kube ukufunda okuningi ekutadisheni, ukungaqiniseki ngokuqinisekile kujwayelekile emva kokuphumula. Izindawo ezihlala ku-cortex ye-orbitofrontal ezihileleke ekuziphatheni okucindezelayo-nokucindezela nokulawula ukuthukuthela nazo ziqala ukukhanya, nakuba lo msebenzi owedlule ungase uphele isikhathi. Ngo-2011, abacwaningi bashicilele okutholakala kwe-MRI okufakazela ukuthi ubuchopho abukwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kobuhlungu bokulahlwa komphakathi kanye nobuhlungu bokulimala ngokomzimba, nakuba lezi zindlela nezindlela ziye zacutshungulwa. Akumangalisi ukuthi izinguquko kwamanye amanethiwekhi we-neural ahilelekile ekucindezelekeni okukhulu nazo zibonwe ngemuva kokuphumula.
Izinkolelo Eziguqukayo
Indlela futhi uma ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kuye kwasiza ukulolonga imikhuba yokuxubana kwabantu kuyisihloko esivame ukuholela engxoxweni enzima. Isibonelo, ngoba amadoda akhiqiza izigidi zamademoni amaningi kunabesifazane abakhiqiza amaqanda, kukhona inkolelo yokuthi isu lokuqhathanisa labesifazane lizogxila kakhulu ekuvikeleni nasekukhuliseni amathuba ambalwa okuzala, kanti amadoda "ahlelwe ngaphambilini" ekusakazeni imbewu yabo kude nakakhulu.
Noma kunjalo, le mbono cishe ilula, njengoba ihluleka ukulandisa ngezinye izici. Isibonelo, ezinhlobonhlobo lapho ukukhulisa umntwana osanda kuzalwa kudinga ukubambisana kobuzali, ukugodlwa kwendoda eyodwa kugcina kuvame kakhulu. UDkt. Helen Fisher uye wachaza ukuthi "iminyaka emine" inkolelo, ebonisa ukuthi i-spike emazingeni ehlukaniso ngonyaka wesine womshado ngombono wokuthi lokhu kungukuthi ingane idlule isigaba esithintekayo kakhulu sobusha bayo futhi inganakekelwa ngenxa yomzali oyedwa. I-theory "yeminyaka emine" yinto eguquguqukayo. Isibonelo, uma lo mbhangqwana unomunye ingane, isikhathi singase sinikezwe "ematheni enyaka eyisikhombisa".
Kodwa-ke, akukho okunye kwalokhu okuchaza imibhangqwana enomusa ehamba ngezandla ngokubambisana phakathi kwabo bonke ukuphila kuze kube sekupheleni kweminyaka yabo. Kubalulekile futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi kunzima kanjani ukuthi isihloko somuntu sithande. Isiko lethu, ukukhuliselwa kwethu, kanye nezinye izimpilo kusiza ukushintsha lawo amakhemikhali namanethiwekhi. Ukuncintisana kothando kusho ukuthi imibuzo ephathelene nesimo sothando izoqhubeka iheha izimbongi, izazi zefilosofi, kanye nososayensi iminyaka eminingi ezayo.
Imithombo:
U-A. de Boer, u-EM van Buel, uGJ Ter Horst, Uthando lungaphezu nje kokumanga: umbono we-neurobiological othandweni nomzwelo, i-Neuroscience Volume 201, 10 Januwari 2012, amakhasi 114-124
Kross E, Berman MG, Mischel W, Smith EE, Wager WD (2011) Amasheya okulahlwa kwezenhlalakahle iziphakamiso zenhlalo ngokubuhlungu ngokomzimba. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108: 6270-6275. Abstract / Umbhalo ogcwele FREE
UHelen E Fisher, A Aron, D Mashek, H Li, uLL Brown. Ukuchaza izinhlelo zobuchopho zokukhanga, ukukhanga okuthandana nokunamathiselwe. Ama-archive of behavioral behavior, October 31, 2002. (5): 314-9