I-hippocampus yindawo yechungechunge nje ngaphansi kwe-lobes temporal medial. Kufana nesimo se-seahorse, futhi kukhona ohlangothini ngalunye lobuchopho ngaphezu kwezindlebe.
Okukwenzayo
I-hippocampus isisiza sikwazi ukuthuthukisa izinkumbulo ezintsha. Ngezinye izikhathi kubhekwa njengendlela yokugcina izinkumbulo njengokungathi izinkumbulo zidinga ukudlula i-hippocampus ukuze zigcinwe kumabhange asekhulile.
Olunye ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-hippocampus ibalulekile hhayi nje ukudala izinkumbulo ezintsha kodwa futhi nokuthola izinkumbulo ezindala.
Ngokuthakazelisayo, i-hippocampus ngakwesobunxele ngokuvamile inomsebenzi omkhulu ememori naselulini kunalunye ngakwesokudla.
Indlela Ukugula Kwama-Alzheimer kuthinta ngayo i-Hippocampus
Ucwaningo luye lwathola ukuthi enye yezindawo zokuqala ebuchosheni obathintekile yisifo se-Alzheimer is hippocampus. Ososayensi bahlobanise i-atrophy (shrinkage) yezindawo ze-hippocampal ngokutholakala kwesifo se-Alzheimer's. I-Atrophy kule ndawo yobuchopho kusiza ukuthi kungani esinye sezibonakaliso zokuqala ze-Alzheimer's disease ngokuvamile kuphazamiseka kwememori, ikakhulukazi ukwakheka kwezinkumbulo ezintsha.
I-Hippocampus atrophy nayo ihlotshaniswa nokutholakala kwamaprotheni okwakhiwa njengoba isifo se-Alzheimer siqhubeka.
Ukukhubazeka Okucabangelayo Okuncane
Ngakho-ke, ubungako nevolumu ye-hippocampus kubonakala ngokuthekisiwe ngesifo se-Alzheimer's.
Kodwa kuthiwani ngokukhubazeka okuncane okucatshangelwayo, isimo ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi, kodwa hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi, siyaqhubeka nesifo se-Alzheimer's?
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-atrophy ye-hippocampus ibuye ihambisane nokukhubazeka okuncane okucatshangelwayo . Eqinisweni, ubukhulu be-hippocampus kanye nesilinganiso soguqugu lwayo kuboniswe ukubikezela ukuthi ngabe i-MCI iyaqhubeka yini nesifo se-Alzheimer noma cha.
Ivolumu encane ye-hippocampal kanye nesilinganiso esisheshayo noma se-shrinkage correlate nokuthuthukiswa kwesifo sengqondo somqondo.
Umqulu we-Hippocampal ungahlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-dementia?
Ucwaningo oluthile luye lwalinganisa umthamo we-hippocampal futhi bubukeka ukuthi luhlobene kanjani nezinye izinhlobo zokudemeka kwengqondo. Esinye kungenzeka ukuthi odokotela bangasebenzisa ubukhulu be- atrophy endaweni ye-hippocampal ukuze babone ngokucacile ukuthi yikuphi uhlobo lokudemeza kwengqondo okwakunjalo.
Isibonelo, uma isifo se-Alzheimer sasiwukuphela komhlobo we-dementia okwakuthinta kakhulu ubukhulu be-hippocampus, lokhu kungasetshenziswa ukuhlolisisa kahle i-Alzheimer's. Kodwa-ke, izifundo eziningi zibonise ukuthi lesi silinganiso kaningi asizuzisi ekuhlukaniseni izinhlobo eziningi zengqondo ye-dementia.
Ucwaningo olulodwa olwanyatheliswa encwadini ye- Neurodegenerative Diseases luphawula ukuthi inani elincane le-hippocampus lenzeke ekudemeni kwengqondo .
Ucwaningo lwesibili lwathola ukuthi ukwehla kwesayizi ye-hippocampal kwaphinde kwahambelana ne- dementia ye-frontotemporal .
Ososayensi bathole umehluko omkhulu, noma kunjalo, uma kuqhathaniswa noLey 's body dementia ngesifo se-Alzheimer's. I-Lewy ye-dementia yomzimba ibonisa i-atrophy encane kakhulu ezindaweni ze-hippocampal ebuchosheni, obuhlanganisa nemiphumela emincane kakhulu ememori, ikakhulukazi ezinyathelweni zangaphambili ze-Lewy ukugula komzimba .
Ungakuvimbela I-Hippocampus Yakho ekunciphiseni?
I-plasticity (i-term for ikhono lobuchopho lokukhula nokushintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi) le-hippocampus iye yaboniswa ngokuphindaphindiwe ocwaningweni. Ucwaningo luye lwabona ukuthi, nakuba i-hippocampus ijwayele ukushaya i-atrophy njengoba sineminyaka yobudala, kokubili ukuzivocavoca umzimba nokugqugquzela kwengqondo (ukuvivinya kwengqondo) kunganciphisa ukuguqulwa futhi, ngezinye izikhathi, kuyishintshe.
Imithombo:
Umtholampilo waseCleveland. I-Lobe yesikhashana. http://my.clevelandclinic.org/anatomy/brain/ns_overview.aspx
Ukucindezeleka kwe-Dementia ne-Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. 2010; 29: 294-300. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Hippocampal Volume kanye ne-Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers Kuthuthukisa I-Predictive Value Ngokwehluleka Kokuqonda Okuncane. http://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/289814
Ukucindezeleka kwe-Dementia ne-Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. 2012; 34 (1): 44-50. Ukuqhathanisa i-hippocampal atrophy ku-dementia ye-Alzheimer kanye nokudemeka kwengqondo ngemithambo emihle. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22922563
I-Journal yezifo ze-Alzheimer. 2013 Jan 1; 36 (1): 57-66. doi: 10.3233 / JAD-122293. Ingabe umthamo we-hippocampal ungumaka omuhle wokuhlukanisa isifo se-Alzheimer kusuka ekudemeni komqondo kwangaphambili? http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23542864
I-Memory Loss kanye ne-Brain. Hippocampus. http://www.memorylossonline.com/glossary/hippocampus.html
Ukubuyekezwa Kwemvelo Neurology 8, 189-202 (Ephreli 2012). Izici eziguqulwayo ezishintsha ubukhulu be-hippocampus ngokuguga.
Izifo ze-Neurodegenerative. 2011; 8: 465-469. I-Hippocampal Atrophy e-Subcortical Vascular Dementia. http://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/326695
I-Neurology. Mashi 17, 2009 vol. 72 cha. 11 999-1007. I-hippocampal atrophy rates e-Alzheimer's disease. I-value eyengeziwe ngaphezu kwamanothi amaningi wevolumu engqondo. http://n.neurology.org/content/72/11/999