Yini Ejwayelekile futhi Engabonakalisa Izifo
Ezinye izizindla, njenge-knee-jerk, zivamile. Kodwa ezinye azivamile futhi zingabonisa isimo sezokwelapha. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukungabi khona kwengqondo kungabonisa ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle. Funda kabanzi mayelana nezinye izingqikithi ezimangalisa zomzimba nalokho abakushoyo ngempilo yakho.
Kuyini Ukucabanga?
I- reflex yindlela eyodwa umzimba olawula ngayo imisebenzi ephawulekayo njengokuma eqondile ngaphandle kokuthembela engxenyeni eyaziwayo yobuchopho.
Ukucabanga okuningi akudingeki ukuba ungene ebuchosheni nhlobo kodwa kungaphathwa ngokuphelele emthonjeni womgogodla.
I-reflex ejwayelekile kunazo zonke i-knee-jerk: lapho udokotela ethinta ithemponti engaphansi kwegceke lakho ngesinamathelisi e-reflex futhi lowo mlenze uphuma. I-stimulus (isando) iveza isignali ethunyelwe nge-nerve sensory kumgogodla. Kusukela emthonjeni womgogodla, impendulo ibuyiswa ngokushesha nge-motor nervo, eholela ekukhawuleni. Lokhu kukhulumisana-kusuka emgogodleni wezinzwa kuya emthonjeni womgogodla nokuya enjini (ukunyakaza) inzwa (ngaphandle kokuya ebuchosheni) -wayaziwa ngokuthi i-arc reflex.
Okujwayelekile ngokumelene nokuziphendukela kwemvelo (okungavamile) Ukucabangela
Izingqondo eziningi zivamile. Isibonelo, i-knee-jerk iyinto evamile yokucabanga futhi ukungabi khona kwalesi sicabangela kungabhekwa njengento engavamile. Izingqondo eziningi zivamile kumntwana osanda kuzalwa noma omncane kodwa kungavamile uma kutholakala kumuntu omdala. Ezinye izizindla zingaba isibonakaliso sezifo kodwa futhi zivame ukuhlala nabantu abanempilo ngaphandle kwesimo sezinzwa.
Uma kunjalo, ukuba khona kwe-reflex kufanele kulinganiswe nezinye iziphumo zokunquma ukuthi kunenkinga.
Ama-Reflexes Strange
Umzimba unamakhono amaningi e-reflexes. Hlola ngokucophelela okunye okuncane okuyaziwayo, okunamandla kodwa okujwayelekile-komzimba, ngezansi.
I-refins yaseBabinski: Enye yezindinganiso ezivame kakhulu ukuthi i-neurologist ingase ihlolwe yi-reflex ye-Babinski. Kuloluhlolo, i-neurologist ikhathaza phansi phansi unyawo lwakho ngento ecasula. Kumuntu omdala, izinzwani zivame ukugoqa. Noma kunjalo kubantwana, kuze kube sekupheleni kweminyaka emibili, futhi kubantu abadala abanokulimala komgogodla noma umgogodla, izinzwane zenyukela phezulu bese ziphuma. Kubantu abadala, lokhu kungase kubonise inkinga efana nesifo sokushaya , isifo sobuchopho, i-meningitis, noma ukulimala komgogodla.
I-reflex ye-snout: I-reflex ye-snout iyinkinga evamile yengane evame ukuphela ngeminyaka, kepha ingabuya uma i- lobes yangaphambili yobuchopho ibonakalisiwe. Udokotela uphaphaza kakhulu emlonyeni wakho ophezulu ngezindebe zakho ezigcinwe ndawonye futhi ubukele impendulo. Impendulo engavamile kubantu abadala (kodwa evamile ezinganeni) iwukuba nesibhakabhaka sezindebe, inikeze ukubonakala komkhuhlane wengulube. Kungaba ukuhlanganyelana (ngakolunye uhlangothi) noma kokubili (ezinhlangothini zombili.) I-reflex cishe yenzelwe ukusiza umntwana ukuba ancelise. Kumuntu omdala, le mpendulo ivame ukukhombisa inkinga yangaphambili ye-lobe njenge- frontal lobe head trauma noma i- frontal lobe stroke .
I-glabellar reflex (uphawu lukaMyerson): Indawo engaphezulu kwempumphu ebunzini naphakathi kwamehlo ibizwa nge-glabella. Uma ifakwe kwi-glabella, iningi labantu liyaqhafaza. Ngokuvamile abantu bayeke ukuchofoza ngemuva kwamaphepheni ambalwa, kodwa uma ukukhanya kuqhubeka, kubizwa ngokuthi isibonakaliso sikaMyerson, okuvame ukuthi kusho ukuthi kukhona okungavamile kobuchopho. Lezi zinkinga zivame ukubonakala kubantu abanesifo sikaPasinson .
I-reflex ye-palomental: I-reflux yama-palomental ivivinywa ngokukhanda isandla sesandla futhi ubukele ukuze ubone ukuthi isilwane sithutha yini. Lokhu kuyinkinga engavamile engase ibonise umonakalo ebuchosheni. Kungase kube khona kusukela ekubelethweni (ukubeletha) ezinganeni ezine-Down syndrome kodwa futhi kubonakala kubantu abadala abane- Alzheimer's disease . Ngokuhambisana ne-reflex ye-snout, i-reflex palomental ibonisa ukuthi kungase kube nomonakalo ku-lobes yangaphambili yobuchopho. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kugxila kubonakala kunabantu abangenazo izifo (abaphilile.)
I-reflect reflex: I-reflect reflex nayo ingabizwa ngokuthi i-wink yesilwane, i-refine ye-perineal, noma i-reflex engavamile. I-reflex evamile lapho i-sphincter e-anal eqinisa khona ekuphenduleni isimo esisha, esicasulayo njengokushaya isikhumba esungeze i-anus. Ukungabikho kwalesi sici kungase kubonise isifo. Uma lesi sakhiwo singekho, singase sibe uphawu lokulimala komgogodla ophazamisa isisindo somswakama (i-nerve ephumelelayo ku-S2 kuya ku-S4.)
I-reflex ye-cremasteric: I-reflex ye-cremasteric ivuselelwa ngokushaya kancane ngaphakathi kwethanga. Emadodeni, lokhu kubangela ukuba imisipha ye-cremaster ivumelane futhi ama-testes akhulise. Lezi zinkinga zingase zinyamalale ngenxa yezizathu eziningi, ezifana nomonakalo ebuchosheni noma emgodini (izinkinga eziphezulu nezansi ezincane ze-neuron) noma izinkinga ezingezona zesisindo ezihlobene ne-system ezifana ne- tortic testicular .
I-Clonus: I- Clonus i-reflex esebenzayo. Kungaba isimo, ngokwalo, noma kungabangelwa esinye isimo. Odokotela bahlola lesi sici ngokuhamba ngezinyawo ngandlela-thile. Uma isiguli siphendula ngokuthi sinehlobo lokuphindaphindiwe kwe-muscle spasm, lapho eqhubeka eguquguquka khona unyawo ngokuphindaphindiwe nangemuva kwamasekhondi ambalwa, lokho kungaba uphawu lokulimala ebuchosheni noma intambo yomgogodla. Ukuchofoza okukodwa noma okumbalwa kungajwayelekile, kodwa uma kuqhubeka isikhathi esithile, lokho kungase kube khona. Lokhu kuhlaselwa ngokuvamile kuwuphawu lwe-motor upper neuron disorder efana ne -chorea kaHuntington , isifo sobuchopho , i-meningitis, noma ukulimala komgogodla. I-Clonus ingabonakala nasezigulini ezinesifo se-serotonin, isimo esibonakala ngesilinganiso esiningi ngokweqile se-serotonin futhi ngezinye izikhathi kubonakala kubantu abasebenzisa imithi ephikisana nokucindezeleka.
I-reflex kaHoffman : I-reflex kaHoffman ihlolwe ngokuchotshozwa phakathi nendawo noma ngomunwe bese ubukela ukuze ubone ukuthi isithupha siyathinta yini. Lesi sakhiwo sivame ukuba khona kubantu abanempilo, kodwa uma i-reflex inamandla kakhudlwana kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba kunolunye, kungase kube uphawu lwe-disorder neurological. I-reflex iyaziwa nangokuthi i-reflex finger reflex. I-reflex ye-Hoffman enamandla kakhudlwana ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba ngokuvamile ibonisa ukulimala noma ukungajwayelekile ngaphansi kwezinga le-C5 kuya ku-C6 emthonjeni womgogodla. Kungenzeka ngenxa ye- multiple sclerosis (MS) , i- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (eyaziwa nangokuthi isifo sikaLou Gehrig), i-arthritis yesibeletho yomlomo wesibeletho, i-myelitis, noma isisu (umonakalo noma yikuphi lapho i-corticospinal noma i-pyramidal tract). I-reflex ingase ibonakale kubantu abanexhala noma hyperthyroidism . Odokotela bavame ukucabangela ukuthi izilinganiso zinembile kunokuhlolwa komzimba, kodwa lokhu kungaba okuhlukile. Kwesinye isifundo kutholakale ukuthi i-reflex yeHoffman yayinembile kakhulu kune-MRI ekutholeni ukungasebenzi kokuqala komgogodla.
Ukuzindla Kuningi
Noma iyiphi imisipha ingahlolwa i-reflex uma nje kukhona ithethoni etholakalayo. Ngaphezu kwalabo ababalwe ngenhla, kunezinkomba eziningi emzimbeni-eqinisweni, okungaphezu kokubalwa kalula. Lezi zinkinga zingapha izincazelo ezibalulekile kunamazinyo ezamazinyo azama ukuthola ukuthi kunenkinga ngesistimu yomuntu wesifo. Yenza i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wakho ukuze uhlole uma ubona noma yikuphi okuphathelene nokucabanga.
> Imithombo:
> Ropper. Adams kanye Nemigomo kaVictor ye-Neurology, 10e. Np: McGraw-Hill, 2014. Phrinta.