Izinhlobo ze-Cancer Lung In-Non-Smokers vs Abantu Abomusi
Yimuphi uhlobo lomdlavuza wamaphaphu ovame kakhulu kubantu abangabhemi? Ake sibuke impendulo yalo mbuzo, nokuthi kungani umdlavuza wamaphaphu ungahluka kubantu abangabhemi. Kodwa okokuqala, uma ubuza lo mbuzo, kubalulekile ukukunika ama-high-five. Abantu abaningi abaqapheli ukuthi umdlavuza wamaphaphu kungenzeka futhi uvele kubantu ababhemayo ngaphambili futhi abasoze bebhema, futhi labo abaqaphelayo, basesimweni esingcono sokubona ukuthi izimpawu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu kufanele zenzeke.
I-Cancer Lung ku-Non-Smokers
Umdlavuza we-Lung awugcini kuphela kubantu abangakaze babhemane kodwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu kungeke bapheze yizizathu eziyisithupha eziholayo zokufa komdlavuza e-United States. Lapho ukhuluma ngempendulo yombuzo mayelana nezinhlobo zamanqamu emaphaphu angenawo ababhemayo, wona; kuyasiza ukuhlukanisa phakathi "abangabhemi" futhi "abangabhemi" lapho behlola izibalo. Isigaba sabangewona abokubhema kufaka bobabili abangabhemi nabangabhemi ngesikhathi esisodwa kodwa manje bayeka (ababade bebhema.) Igama alizange libheke abantu ababhemayo ugwayi 100 noma ngaphansi ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo.
Ngesikhathi samanje, cishe amaphesenti angama-10 kuya ku-15 abantu abakha umdlavuza wamaphaphu abasoze babhema, futhi abangaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-50 ababhemayo ngaphambili. Kuphela kwamaphesenti angu-20 no-40 kuphela (kuye ngokuthi isifundo nendawo yokuhlala) ababhemayo abakhuthele. Ehlanganisiwe ndawonye, iningi labantu alibheki ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Ebuyiselwe ngendlela ehlukile, abantu ababhemayo abakhuthele ngesikhathi somdlavuza wabo wamaphaphu bangabambalwa.
Ukuze sikwazi ukuchaza uhlobo lomdlavuza wamaphaphu ovame kakhulu kubantu abangabhemi, ake sibheke izinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
I-Can-Small Cell Lung Cancer vs Cancer Small Lung Cancer
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezinkulu zemdlavuza wamaphaphu: umdlavuza omncane ongewona omncane wamaphaphu nomdlavuza omncane wamangqamuzana wamaphaphu.
Lezi zinhlobo zibizwa ngokuthi zibonakala ngamangqamuzana omdlavuza ngaphansi kwe-microscope, enezincane zamangqamuzana ezincane ezakhiwa, akumangalisi, ezincane, ezingavamile zamangqamuzana wamaphaphu.
Ama-cancer angama- cell amaphaphu amancane angama-85 kuya kwangu-90 amaphesenti e-lungula yamaphaphu futhi yilona uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wamaphaphu olutholakala kubantu abangabhemi. Futhi, ngenxa yamanani, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wamaphaphu olutholakala kubantu ababhema. Umdlavuza omncane wamangqamuzana omangcwaba wamaphesenti angu-10 kuya kwengu-15 emdlavuza wamaphaphu futhi uhlobene kakhulu nokubhema. Kucatshangwa ukuthi kuphela abantu abangamaphesenti ayisithupha abathuthukisa lolu hlobo lomdlavuza wamaphaphu abakaze bapheze.
Izinhlobo zeCancer Small Lung Cancer and Status Smoking
Umdlavuza omncane wamangqamuzana ongewona omncane uphinde uhlelwe phansi zibe izinhlobo ezintathu ezahlukene:
I-adenocarcinoma ye-lung yilona uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wesifo samangqamuzana ongewona omncane futhi uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wamaphaphu olutholakala kulo lonke kokubili abangewona abokubhema nabokubhema. Kubuye kube uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabesifazane nabasemusha abasha abane nomdlavuza wamaphaphu .
Ama-adenocarcinoma ama-lung ayingxenye yamaphesenti angu-30 e-lungula yamaphaphu kubantu ababhemayo abesilisa, namaphesenti angu-40 abhema abesifazane. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lolu hlobo lwe-tumor libala ngamaphesenti angama-60 emdlavuza wamaphaphu kumadoda angewona obhemayo namaphesenti angama-80 omdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabesifazane abangabhemi.
Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza we-cell wamaphaphu angewona amancane zihlanganisa i- squamous cell carcinoma yamapayipi alandisa ngamaphesenti angama-25 kuya kwangu-30 amancayipi angaphazamisa amangqamuzana amaphaphu kanye nomdlavuza omkhulu wamaphaphu wesifo okhona kumaphesenti angu-10 kuya kwangu-15 angewona amancane amangqamuzana amaphaphu ukwelapha. Lezi zomshukela zivame kakhulu kubantu ababhemayo. Akuzona zonke izifo zomdlavuza ezichazwe ngokucacile ngenye yalezi zinhlayiyana, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi i-tumor yephunga ibe nezifunda ze-lung adenocarcinoma kanye ne-squamous cell carcinoma ("i-adenosquamous"), kanye nezinye izihlanganisi zezici ze-tumor.
Kungani Ababhemayo Nabangewona Ababhemayo Bakha Izinhlobonhlobo Ze-Cancer Lung?
Ukuhlukana okukhona phakathi kwezinhlobo zomdlavuza wamaphaphu obonwe ngabangabhemi nabangewona abokubhema kungenzeka bahlobaniswe nezindawo ezithile zamapayipi abathintekayo kakhulu emaphashini omdlavuza wamaphaphu embuzweni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lokhu kuyimusi kagwayi, i- radon gas , amakhemikhali omsebenzi , noma enye ukuchayeka.
Kungase futhi kuhlotshaniswe nohlobo lomonakalo (ukuguquguquka kwe-DNA) okubangelwa yi-carcinogens ethile. Ngalesi sikhathi lo mbuzo uhlale ungaphenduliwe.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuveza ukuthi ngokufaka kwezihlungi kugwayi, izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu nezindawo zamanqamu wamaphaphu ashintshiwe. Eminyakeni eyedlule, ukwelapha okunjengomdlavuza omncane ongasona omncane wamangqamuzana wamaphaphu kanye nomdlavuza omncane we-cell wamaphaphu wawuvame kakhulu. Lezi zomshukela zivame ukuqala emigwaqeni emikhulu engena emaphashini (i-bronchi.) Ngemuva kokuhlunga, i-lung adenocarcinoma yavame kakhulu. Lezi zomshukela zivame ukuphakama eduze nasezindaweni ezincane zokuhamba emoyeni emaphethelweni emaphaphu. Umcabango wukuthi ukufakwa kwezihlungi kugwayi kubangele izinhlayiya ezincane (i-carcinogens) ezifakwe ngaphakathi bese zifakwa ngokujulile ezindleleni zomoya, kanti ngaphandle kwezihlungi, izinhlayiya ezinkulu zizoboshwa ezindizeni ezinkulu.
Ezinye Izindlela I-Cancer Ye-Lung Ehlukana Ngabo Abangewona Abokubhema
Umdlavuza we-Lung kwabangewokubhema yisifo esihlukile ngezindlela eziningi. Ezinye zalezi zingxabano zihlobene nezinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Isibonelo, amancayipi amancane amaphaphu amaphaphu, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu kubantu ababhemayo, baphathwa ngokuhluke kakhulu kunezincane ezingamancane zamangqamuzana wamaphaphu. Noma kunjalo phakathi kwabantu abanesifo esifanayo, isibonelo, i-lung adenocarcinoma, kukhona umehluko ekuziphatheni komdlavuza kubantu ababhemayo nalabo abangabhema.
Abangewona abokubhema banamathuba amaningi okushintshashintsha kwezakhi zofuzo, ezifana nezinguquko ze-EGFR, ukulungiswa kabusha kwe-ALK, noma ukulungiswa kabusha kwe-ROS1. Ngokuphambene nalokho, abantu ababhemayo bangase baphendule kangcono izidakamizwa ze-immunotherapy. Imithi ye-Immunotherapy etholakalayo yokwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu ibonakala isebenza kangcono uma kunezinguquko eziningi emangqamuzaneni omdlavuza, futhi amangqamuzana omdlavuza wabantu ababhemayo bathambekele ekushintsheni okuningi.
Ngezansi NgokweSimo Sokubhema nohlobo Lwomshukela We-Lung
Umdlavuza we-Lung ungase uhluke kakhulu kuye ngokuthi umuntu ungumuntu obhemayo osebenzayo, owake waqala ukubhema, noma owake waphuza, futhi enye yalezi zinguquko ikhona ezinhlotsheni ezithile zomdlavuza wamaphaphu ezivame kakhulu. I-adenocarcinoma ye-Lung, uhlobo lomdlavuza wesifo samangqamuzana ongewona omncane luvame kakhulu kubantu ababhemayo, kanti abantu ababhemayo banamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa umdlavuza omncane wamangqamuzana omdlavuza noma umdlavuza wamaphaphu wesigamu, olunye uhlobo lomdlavuza wesifo samangqamuzana ongewona omncane.
> Imithombo:
> Alberg, A., Brock, M., noJ. Ford. I-epidemiology ye-Cancer Cancer. Ukuxilongwa Nokuphathwa Kwe-Cancer Lung, 3rd ed: I-American College of Chest Physicians Imihlahlandlela Yokwenziwa Kokutholwa Kwemitholampilo. Isifuba . 2013. 143 (5 Suppl): e1S-e29S.