Konke Nge-Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Umdlavuza wesifo samangqamuzana ongewona omncane uwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wamaphaphu, okubalwa okungenani amaphesenti angu-80 alawa mathambo. Ziyini izimpawu, izinhlobo, nezimbangela, futhi kufanele ziphathwe kanjani? Yini okufanele wonke umuntu onomdlavuza we-cell wamaphaphu angewona amancane azi?
Sibutsetelo
Umdlavuza ongasona omncane wamaphaphu wuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wamaphaphu, futhi uhlobo lomdlavuza wamaphaphu luvame ukutholakala kwabesifazane, abangabhemi, nabantu abadala.
Akusakazeki ngokushesha njengoba umdlavuza omncane wamangqamuzana wamaphaphu kodwa usuke uvame ukutholakala uma usezingeni eliphezulu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi noma ngabe umdlavuza wesifo samangqamuzana omncane ongasetshenzisiwe ungasebenzi, usaqhubeka ukwelashwa. Kuye kwaba nentuthuko yakamuva yamuva ekwelapheni umdlavuza wamaphaphu, futhi izinga lokusinda lizoqhubeka kuzo zonke izigaba zesifo.
Kuyaphazamiseka kubantu abaningi ababhemayo abangakwazi ukukwenza futhi benze umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Eqinisweni, iningi labantu abahlakulela umdlavuza wamaphaphu omncane ongewona omncane namuhla ababhemayo - bangabokuqala ukubhema noma ababhemayo. Omunye kwabayisishiyagalombili besifazane abahlakulela umdlavuza wamaphaphu akakaze abhema. Futhi ngenkathi umdlavuza wamaphaphu wehla kubantu asebekhulile nasemadodeni, ukhula kubantu abadala, ikakhulukazi abasebasha, abangabhemi ukubhema.
Izinhlobo
Kunezinhlobo ezingu-3 eziyinhloko zomdlavuza ongasona omncane wamaphaphu. Lokhu kufaka:
Adenocarcinoma
I-Adenocarcinoma yindlela ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ze-non-small cell cell lung cancer umdlalo wamaphesenti angu-50 e-United States.
Ezingqamuzana zamangqamuzana amaphaphu amaphaphu, lokhu kuyi-tumor ngokuvamile etholakala kubantu abadala, abesifazane, nabantu abangakaze bapheze. I-adenocarcinoma yama-lung ivame ukuqala ezindaweni ezingaphandle zamaphaphu, futhi ingakhula kakhulu ngaphambi kokuthi itholakale. Njengoba lezi zikhumba zivame ukuhamba kude nemimoya yomoya, izimpawu ezivame ukubonakala njengokukhwehlela azivamile.
Izimpawu zokuqala zivame ukucabangela, ukuphefumula okuncane nomsebenzi, kanye nomqondo ojwayelekile wokugula.
I-Squamous Cell Carcinoma YamaLungula
I-Squamous cell carcinoma yamaphaphu isetshenziselwa ukuba yinto evame kakhulu kodwa manje ilandelana cishe ngamaphesenti angu-30 ama-cancer angama-cell amaphaphu amaphaphu e-United States. Ngokuvamile kuqala emhubheni ye-bronchial, ngaphakathi emaphashini, futhi kuvame ukuthola lapho abantu beqala ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, ukukhwehlela igazi, noma ukuthuthukisa izifo zokuphefumula eziphindaphindiwe (ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kwemimoya yomoya.) Kuye kwacatshangwa ukuthi ugwayi ohlungiwe kubangele ukwehla komdlavuza we-squamous cell futhi ukuthi i-adenocarcinoma ivame kakhulu manje ngoba ubuthi buyakhuphuka kakhulu emaphashini.
I-Cell Cell Carcinoma emikhulu yamaLungula
Amakhansela amancane amaphaphu amaphaphu ajwayelekile, ahlasele amaphesenti angu-10 angamakhemikhali amaphaphu amaphaphu angewona amancane e-United States. Zenzeka emaphethelweni angaphandle emaphaphu futhi zivame ukukhula ngokushesha.
Izimpawu
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uqaphele izimpawu zesifo somdlavuza ongasona omncane wamaphaphu. Ukuhlolwa kwesifo somdlavuza we-Lung kuyatholakala kubantu abathile ababhemayo, kodwa iningi labantu kudingeka lithembele ekuqaphelisweni kwezimpawu zokuthola lesi sifo ezinkathini zokuqala ezingenzeka.
Izimpawu zesifo somdlavuza ongasona omncane wamaphaphu singafaka:
- Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo
- Ukushaya igazi
- Ukuphefumula, ikakhulukazi ngomsebenzi
- Ukushisa
- Ukuthuthumela
- Izifo ezithathelwanayo zokuphefumula ezifana ne-pneumonia noma i-bronchitis
- Ukulahleka kwesisindo esingalindelekile
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuxilongwa komdlavuza ongasona omncane wamaphaphu kungaba yinkinga, futhi akuyona into engavamile ukuba abantu baqale ukuphathwa kabi ngezinye izinto, njenge-asthma. Nazi ezinye zezivivinyo kanye nezinqubo ezivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuxilongwa kanye nesiteleka somdlavuza wamaphaphu .
Isiteji
Umdlavuza wamangqamuzana omncane ongewona omncane uphukile waba yizigaba ezine, kuye ngobukhulu besisu futhi ukuthi usakaze kangakanani.
Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nezinyathelo zomdlavuza ongasona omncane wesifo samaphaphu kanye nesistimu ye-TNM yokumisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu , noma ufunde kabanzi ngezigaba ezithile kulezi zihloko:
Izimbangela
Ukubhema ngokuqinisekile kungenye yezimbangela ezinkulu zomdlavuza ongasona omncane wamaphaphu, kepha kunezinye izimbangela ezibalulekile kanye. Ukuvelela ku-radon emakhaya ethu kuyimbangela yesibili eholela emdlalweni wamaphaphu futhi isibalo esisodwa kubantu abangakaze baphuze. Uma ungakaze uvivinye ikhaya lakho nge-radon, yenza njalo namhlanje. Abanye abantu bangase babe nesifo somdlavuza wamaphaphu , futhi kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uma umuntu enesihlobo esiyinhloko nomdlavuza wamaphaphu - umama, ubaba, umntakwethu, noma ingane - ingozi yabo yomdlavuza womaphaphu kabili. Hlola lezi zinto eziyaziwa kakhulu nezincane ezingaziwa ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu .
Ukwelapha
Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kuphulwa ngesigaba. Ukwelashwa jikelele kungahle kuphulwe zibe yizinhlobo ezimbili. Izindlela zokwelashwa zendawo zelapha umdlavuza lapho zivela khona futhi zibandakanya ukwelapha kanye nokwelapha imisebe. Imithi yokwelashwa yindlela yokwelashwa ephelele ekhuluma nomdlavuza nomaphi lapho kwenzeka khona emzimbeni futhi ihlanganisa ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali, imithi yokwelashwa, kanye nokuzivikela komzimba. Abantu abaningi abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu bathola ukwelashwa kokubili kwale ndlela yokwelashwa. Ukwelashwa okungenzeka kungabandakanya:
Ukwelashwa - Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu ngezinye izikhathi kunganika ithuba lokuthola ukwelapha ezinkathini zokuqala zesifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izicubu eziqala kakhulu ekuhlinzekeni zingase zinciphise ngemva kwe-chemotherapy noma ukwelashwa kwemisebe kuze kube yilapho ukuhlinzwa kungenzeka khona. Ngokujabulisayo, ukwelashwa kuyaqhubeka ngisho nalabo abanemdlavuza yomaphaphu engasebenzi.
I-Chemotherapy - I- Chemotherapy ingenziwa ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu oye wasakazeka, noma "ukwelapha" ukuphathwa kwabantu abahlinzwa.
Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa - Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kungenziwa kanye ne-chemotherapy, futhi kungenziwa ngaphambi noma emva kokuhlinzwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu. Uhlobo olulodwa lwe-radiation ebizwa ngokuthi i- stereotactic radiation body radiation therapy (SBRT) ingasetshenziswa ngomzamo wokuphulukisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu ezigulini ezingenakukwazi ukuhlinzwa ngenxa yomdlavuza ongase uphethwe.
Ukwelashwa okuhloswe - Imithi ehlosiwe yizidakamizwa ezibhekisela ekushintsheni okwezakhi zofuzo emangqamuzaneni omdlavuza okuholela ekukhuleni kwamathumba. Le ndawo yokwelapha ikhula ngokushesha, nezokwelapha ezivunyiwe zisetshenziselwa labo abanokuguqulwa kwe-EGFR , ukulungiswa kabusha kwe-ALK , ukulungiswa kabusha kwe-ROS1 , kanye nezinye izinguquko ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa komtholampilo.
I-Immunotherapy - I- Immunotherapy iyindlela entsha ejabulisayo yomdlavuza wamaphaphu , kanti umuthi wokuqala kulesi sigaba uvunyelwe ngo-2015. Lezi zindlela zisebenza ngokusiza amasosha omzimba ethu aqaphele futhi ahlasele amaseli omdlavuza.
Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo - Ngokusho kweNational Cancer Institute, wonke umuntu onomdlavuza wamaphaphu angewona omncane kufanele acabangele ukuhlanganyela ekuvivinyweni kwemitholampilo. Funda kabanzi ngokuthola izivivinyo zemitholampilo ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu .
Isibikezelo
Kukhona izinombolo ezikhuluma ngokuthi "isilinganiso" sokuphila isikhathi esinezigaba ezahlukene zomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lezi zinombolo - hhayi abantu. Wonke umuntu uhlukile futhi uphendula ngokuhlukile ekwelashweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinombolo cishe akuzona ukuhlelwa kahle komuntu ukuthi uzokwenza kanjani noma kunjalo. Izibalo ziyisilinganiso sendlela umuntu akwenze ngayo esikhathini esidlule ngezinqubo zokwelapha ezazikhona ngaleso sikhathi. Okuphawula ukuthi kunezindlela ezintsha zokwelashwa ezivunyelwe umdlavuza wamaphaphu ngesikhathi esifanayo kusukela ngo-2011 kuya ku-2015, kunangesikhathi seminyaka engama-40 eyandulela ngo-2011. Ngamanye amazwi, izinombolo ezikhuluma ngendlela umuntu ophila ngayo nomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngo-2010 mhlawumbe angasho lutho ngendlela othile uzokwenza namhlanje.
Ukusekela nokuphikisana
Uma usanda kutholakala unomdlavuza wamaphaphu, mhlawumbe uzizwa ukwesaba okukhulu futhi ukhululekile. Hlola lezi zeluleko ezinyathelo zokuqala zokuthatha umuthi we-lung cancer .
Ucwaningo lusitshela ukuthi ukufunda okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngomdlavuza wakho kungakusiza ukuthi ubhekane nesimo sakho kangcono, futhi kungase kusize ngemiphumela. Thatha isikhashana ukuthi ufunde ukuthi ungathola kanjani ulwazi lomdlavuza omuhle ku-intanethi . Ukuxhumana nomphakathi kunenzuzo eminingi, njengoba ungaxhuma nabanye ababhekene nesimo esifanayo, futhi ufunde lokho abafundile endleleni. Hlola lawa maqembu okusekela ku-intanethi nemiphakathi yokusekela .
Uma Othandekayo Wakho Ebonwa Ngomdlavuza We-Lung
Akekho oye wabhekana nomdlavuza wodwa, kanti abanye abantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu baye bafakaza nami ukuthi bazizwa kunzima kakhulu kwabathandekayo babo. Ngaphandle kokwesaba, ungase uzizwe ungenasici ngokuphelele. Hlola lesi sihloko lapho umthandi wakho enomdlavuza wamaphaphu ukuze afunde ngalokho abanye abantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu abafisa ukuthi abathandekayo babo babazi. Ngisho noma kuyadingeka ngemuva kokuxilongwa impilo ukuze ugxile othandekayo wakho, qiniseka ukuthi uzondla njengomnakekeli womdlavuza. Ukubhekana nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kuyimarathon, hhayi i-sprint.
Izinsiza:
I-American Cancer Society. I-Cancer Lung (I-Cell Non-Small.) I-Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Ukusinda Amanani nge Stage. 04/30/2014. http://www.cancer.org/cancer/lungcancer-non-smallcell/detailedguide/non-sall-cell-lung-cancer-survival-rates
I-National Institute of Health. I-Medline Plus. I-Cancer Lung. Kubuyekezwe 08/08/16. https://medlineplus.gov/lungcancer.html
I-College of American Pathologists. I-Cancer Lung. I-Adenocarcinoma ye-Lung. Ifinyelele ngo-10/30/12. http://www.cap.org/apps/docs/reference/myBiopsy/lung_adenocarcinoma.html.