Izimpawu, Ukwelashwa, Nokuphazamiseka Kwegciwane Elikhulu Le-Cancer Lung
I-cell cell carcinoma yamaphaphu yindlela yomdlavuza ongasona omncane wamaphaphu . I-akhawunti engekho emincane yamangqamuzana amaphaphu wamaphaphu amaphesenti angama-80 emdlavuza wamaphaphu, futhi kulawa, cishe amaphesenti angu-10 ayikhulu cell carcinoma yamaphaphu.
Sibutsetelo
Ama-carcinomas amangqamuzana amaningi aphinde abizwe ngokuthi ama-cancer wamaphaphu amakhulu. Babizwa ngokuthi kubonakale amangqamuzana amakhulu azungezile uma kuhlolwe ngaphansi kwe-microscope, nakuba izicubu ngokwazo zivame ukuba zinkulu futhi uma zitholwa.
Ama-carcinomas amakhulu asetshenziswa njalo ezindaweni ezingaphandle zamaphaphu, futhi avame ukukhula ngokushesha futhi asakaze ngokushesha kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo ze-non-encane yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Izimpawu
Ngenxa yokuthi ama-carcinomas amakhulu aqala ukuvela ezingxenyeni zangaphandle zamaphaphu, izimpawu ezivelele zomdlavuza wamaphaphu, ezifana nokukhwehlela okungapheli nokukhwehlela igazi , zingase zingavamile kuze kube yilapho esesifeni. Ekuqaleni kwe-carcinomas enkulu engase inganakiwe kungase kuhlanganise ukukhathala, ukuphefumula okuncane, noma ukuphumula emhlane wakho, ehlombe noma esifubeni. Abantu abaningi bayaqaphela ukuthi lezi zimpawu zokuqala ziyizicabha futhi zingacacile, isibonelo, zikholelwa ukuthi izimpawu zabo zokuphefumula kanye nokukhuphuka izitebhisi zihlobene nokuthola amakhilogremu ambalwa noma ukukhula kweminyaka embalwa, kunokuba kube uphawu lomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Njengoba i-cell cell i-carcinomas iningi itholakala ezindaweni ezingaphandle zamapayipi, ingabangela uketshezi ukuthi kuthuthuke esikhaleni phakathi kwezicubu ezibeka amaphaphu (pleural effusions) futhi zihlasele udonga lwesifuba.
Lokhu kungabangela ubuhlungu esifubeni noma ohlangothini lwakho olubuhlungu ngokuphefumula okujulile.
I-cell cell carcinomas nayo ingayifaka izidakamizwa ezinjenge- paraneoplastic syndrome . Emadodeni, lezi zinto zingabangela ukwandiswa kwamabele, into eyaziwa njenge-gynecomastia.
Ukuxilongwa
Ngokuvamile i-cell carcinoma yamaphaphu ngokuvamile iqala ukusola lapho ukungabonakali kubonakala kwi-X-ray.
Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kungabandakanya:
- I-CT encane yeskena
- I-bronchoscopy
- I-PET Scan - isilingo esenzelwe ukubuka izikhumba ezikhulayo
Ngokuya ngemiphumela, udokotela wakho uyovame ukufuna ukuthola isampula yezicubu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlolwe yini futhi uzokwenza ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo ukuze uhlole ukuthi ngabe umdlavuza wakho usakazeke yini. I- biopsy yamaphaphu ukuthola umdlavuza wamaphaphu ingenziwa ngenye yezindlela eziningana ezivela enhle ye-needle biopsy, kuya ku-biopsy eqondiswa i-endobronchial ultrasound ngesikhathi se-bronchoscopy, eya evulekile ye-lung biopsy.
Izigaba
I-cell cell carcinoma ihlehlisiwe ibe yizigaba ezine:
- Isigaba 1 - Umdlavuza wendawo wangaphakathi emaphashini futhi awusakazeki kunoma iyiphi i-lymph nodes .
- Isigaba sesi-2 - Umdlavuza usakazeke kuma-lymph nodes noma uhlaka lwamaphaphu, noma endaweni ethile ye-bronchus esemqoka .
- Isiteji sesi-3 - Umdlavuza usakaze emathisheni eduze kwamaphaphu.
- Isiteji sesi-4 - Umdlavuza usakazekile (umonakalo) kwenye ingxenye yomzimba.
Izimbangela
Ama-carcinomas amakhulu amaphaphu ahlotshaniswa kakhulu nokubhema kunezinye izinhlobo zamangqamuzana angamancane amaphaphu amaphaphu, kodwa ezinye izimbangela zingabamba iqhaza njengezimbangela zemvelo , ukubhema , izimbangela zomsebenzi kanye nezakhi zofuzo .
Ukwelapha
Ngokuya ngesiteji, ukwelashwa kwama-cell carcinomas amakhulu emaphaphu kungabandakanya ukuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy, ukwelashwa kwe-radiation, noma ukuhlanganiswa kwalokhu.
Izilingo eziningi zokwelashwa ziqhubeka zifuna izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu, futhi ukusiza ukunquma ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha eziphumelela kakhulu.
Lapho ama-carcinomas amakhulu eboshwa ekuthomeni , ukuhlinzwa kunganikeza ithuba lokuthola ukwelashwa.
I-Chemotherapy ingasetshenziswa yedwa, ngokuhambisana nokwelashwa kwemisebe, noma ukuhlinzwa okulandelayo ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Izibonelo zemithi ye-chemotherapy esetshenziselwa i-cell cell carcinomas zifaka i-Altima (pemetrexed) nePlatinol (cisplatin).
Imithi ehlosiwe
Imithi ehlosiwe yimithi eyenzelwe ukuhlasela umdlavuza ngokuqondile. Ngenxa yokuthi basebenzela ngokukhomba amaprotheni emangqamuzaneni omdlavuza , noma amangqamuzana avamile "ayexoshwa" ngendlala emzamweni wokukhula, angase abe nemiphumela emibi kakhulu kunekhambi elivamile.
Izibonelo zezokwelapha ezibhekiswe ezingasetshenziswa zihlanganisa iTarceva (erlotinib) no-Iressa (gefitinib).
Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kungasetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu noma ukulawula izimpawu eziphathelene nokwanda komdlavuza .
I-Immunotherapy iyinsimu entsha emnandi yomuthi we- cancer womaphaphu oye waba nomthelela wokulawula isikhathi eside lesi sifo kwabanye abantu.
Isibikezelo
Inani lokusinda iminyaka emihlanu lomdlavuza wamaphaphu jikelele lusizi kuphela ngamaphesenti angu-18 kuphela. Kulabo abathintekayo ezinyathelweni zakuqala zesifo, ukubikezela kungcono kakhulu. Esinye isilwane esikhulu se-cell carcinoma, esikhulu se-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, sinokuhlushwa okubi kakhulu kune-cell cell.
Ukubhekana
Ukuxilongwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kuyesabeka futhi ungase uzizwe uwedwa kakhulu. Vumela abathandekayo bakho ukuthi bakusekele. Abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi bangasabela kanjani kumuntu otholakala enomdlavuza. Ukwenza abantu bazi izinto ezithile abangayenza ukuze basize kunganciphisa ukukhathazeka kwabo, futhi bagcwalise isidingo sakho sokusekelwa okwengeziwe ngalesi sikhathi.
Buza imibuzo . Funda okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Cabanga ngokujoyina iqembu lokusekela umdlavuza wamaphaphu noma ngokusebenzisa isikhungo sakho somdlavuza noma ku-intanethi. Futhi yiba yiqiniso kuwe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abanye bahlangenwe nakho noma batusa, nguwe kuphela owazi okukuhle kuwe.
> Imithombo:
> National Cancer Institute. Ukunakekelwa Kwemdlavuza Yamangqamuzana Angewona Amancane (PDQ). https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/non-small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq
> Ishethi, S. Ukwelashwa Kwamanje Nokukhuphuka Kwabagulayo abane-Can-Small Cell-Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. I-American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy . 2010. 67 (1 Isamba 1): S9-14.