Ama-neutrophils awuhlobo lwegazi elimhlophe (i-WBC noma i-granulocyte) elisivikela ekutheleleni kwamagciwane phakathi kweminye imisebenzi.
Cishe ngamaphesenti angu-40 kuya kuma-60 amaphesenti amhlophe egazi amhlophe ayi-neutrophils. Lawa maseli amaseli okuqala azofika endaweni lapho sithola ukutheleleka kwama-bacterium. Ukulimala kwamangqamuzana kubangela ukukhululwa kwe "chemokines" okuheha ama-neutrophils esizeni endaweni enziwa ngokuthi i-chemotaxis.
Ama-neutrophils angase aziwa kangcono kumuntu ongaboni ngaso sonke isikhathi njengengxenye eyinhloko ye-pus.
Umsebenzi
I-neutrophils yakha ingxenyana enkulu kunazo zonke yamaseli egazi akhiqizwa ngumnkantsha wamathambo. Bangabantu "abaphenduli bokuqala" bethu abadlala indima yeyokuqala yokuzivikela ezifweni ezithathelwanayo ezifaka imizimba yethu.
I-neutrophils ikhuluma nabahlaseli bezwe ngoku "badla" inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-phagocytosis, noma ngokuyithatha esitokisini ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-endocytosis. Lapho umzimba wangaphandle ungaphakathi kwe-neutrophil, "uphathwa" nge-enzyme eholela ekubhujisweni kwemvelo. Ama-neutrophils nawo asiza ukulawula ukuphendula kwamagciwane ngokujwayelekile.
Ama-neutrophils anomphilo omfushane kakhulu, ahlala ngokwesilinganiso amahora angu-8 nje kuphela, kodwa imizimba yethu ikhiqiza cishe ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyikhulu zala maseli usuku ngalunye. Ngemuva kokukhululwa emnothweni wamathambo, cishe ingxenye yengxenye yalezi zinqamuzana zikhona eceleni kweminye imithwalo yegazi kanti enye ingxenye iyatholakala ezinhlotsheni zomzimba.
Anatomy kanye nesakhiwo
Ama-neutrophils angabonakala ngokucacile ngaphansi kwe-microscope njengamaseli anezici ezimbili kuya kwezingu-5 ku-nucleus, futhi yi-stain pink noma ephuphuthekile ngama-neutral. Igama elithi "PMN" noma i-leukocyte ye-polymorphonuclear ikhuluma ngalokhu okutholayo.
Ama-neutrophils, ama-White Blood cells, kanye ne-Immune System
Kungaba ukudideka uma uzwa ngamangqamuzana egazi amhlophe nama-neutrophils.
Uma i-neutrophils ingumhlobo owodwa kuphela wesigungu segazi elimhlophe, kungani ama-oncologists ekhuluma ngokungahambisani ngokubalwa kwesibalo segazi esimhlophe kanye nokubala okuphansi kwe-neutrophil nge-chemotherapy (i -neutropenia eyenziwa yi-chemotherapy )? Impendulo elula ukuthi izinga elincane lama-neutrophils, ikakhulukazi, lingase libe yingozi kakhulu kubantu abathintekayo ukutheleleka.
Wonke amangqamuzana egazi (amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe, amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, namaplatelets) akhiwa emnothweni wethambo - izicubu ze-spongy eziphakathi nendawo yamathambo anjenge-hip. Emnothweni wamathambo, wonke lawa maseli aqala njengelinye uhlobo lweseli elwaziwa ngokuthi i-stem cell cell ye-hematopoeitic.
Lawa maseli abuye ahluke phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zeseli kwinqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-hematopoiesis . Njengoba wonke lawa maseli aqala nge-stem cell ejwayelekile, izinqubo ezilimaza umongo we-bone - njenge-chemotherapy - zivame ukuthinta zonke izinhlobo zezinhlobo zegazi. Lokhu kubhekiselwa ekunciphiseni umthambo we-bone kusuka chemotherapy .
Ngaphandle kwamaseli abomvu wegazi namaplatelets, kunezinhlobo eziningana zamaseli amhlophe egazi. Amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe akhula ngezindlela ezimbili ezahlukene. I-stem cell ingathuthuka noma kulayini we- lymphoid , okuholela ekwakhiweni kokugcina kwe-T ne-B lymphocytes, noma umugqa we- myeloid .
Iseli emgqeni we-myeloid ingaba yi-neutrophil, i-eosinophil, i-monocyte, noma i-basophil.
Ama-neutrophils aqala njenge-myeloblasts, okuvuthwa ukuba abe yi-promyelocytes, i-myelocytes, i-metamyelocytes, ama-band, bese i-neutrophils evuthiwe.
Isibalo se-Neutrophil
I-ANC evamile noma inani eliphelele le-neutrophil ngokuvamile liphakathi kwama-2500 no-7500 ama-neutrophils nge-microliter ngayinye.
Amazinga we-neutrophils angaphansi kuka-2500 abizwa ngokuthi i-neutropenia, nakuba izinga lokuncipha kubalulekile. I-ANC engaphansi kwe-1000 iyinhloko kakhulu, futhi ingahle ibeke umuntu kuqala ekutheleleni.
Umbiko wakho wezinombolo zegazi ungahlehlisa ama-neutrophils zibe yizigaba ezimbili: i-neutrophils ehlukanisiwe noma evuthiwe, ne-neutrophils engapheli eyaziwa njengezintambo.
Ezifo ezinzima, umnkantsha wamathambo ukhuthazwa ukukhulula ama-neutrophils amaningi (ama-neutrophils angashadile) okwenza kube nenani eliphakeme lamaqembu embikweni wakho.
Izimo NgeNombolo Engavamile Ye-Neutrophils
Uma odokotela behlola inani eliphelele legazi (i-CBC) noma isibalo segazi esimhlophe (i-WBC) ukungajwayelekile okujwayelekile kuvame noma kunciphise inani elilindelekile le-neutrophils. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kwe-neutrophils yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ekuhloleni i-laboratory yezifo.
Izimbangela ze-Neutrophilia
Ukucabanga ngomsebenzi we-neutrophils kwenza ukuqonda kwandiswe inombolo kulula ukuyiqonda. Izindlela ezingakhuphula inani lala maseli amhlophe egazi zihlanganisa:
- Ukusebenza - Nge-neutrophilia esebenzayo, kunyuke inani le-neutrophils ekuphenduleni izifo noma ukucindezeleka. Ukucindezeleka kwama-hormone emzimbeni wethu kubangela ukuba kunenani elivamile lala maseli ukukhishwa emnothweni wamathambo.
- Ukukhiqiza okukhulayo (ukwanda okwenziwe emnothweni wamathambo) - I-neutrophilia ehamba phambili ibhekisela ekwandeni kwenani lama-neutrophils ngenxa yokwanda komkhiqizo wabo emnothweni wethambo. Lokhu kuvame ukubonwa ngamanqamu, njenge-acute myelocytic leukemia.
- Ukuqothulwa komzimba - Ama-neutrophils ngokuvamile "aphile" afakwe emgqeni wezitsha zegazi. Lawa-neutrophils angase abe "ahlukaniswe" futhi ajikeleze egazini ngenxa yokucindezeleka, izifo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuzivocavoca.
Izimo ezingase zenze i-Neutrophilia
Ezinye izimbangela ezithile ze-neutrophil count (neutrophilia) zifaka:
- Izifo
- Ukucindezeleka
- Amanqamu ahlobene ne-blood cell efana ne-leukemia
- Izifo ezizenzekelayo ngokuzenzakalela njenge-arthritis ye-rheumatoid
- I-trauma futhi iyashisa
- Ukubhema
- Ukukhulelwa
- I-Thyroiditis
- I-Eclampsia
Ama-neutrophils asanda kuGazi
Iningi lama-neutrophils egazini lethu yi-neutrophils evuthiwe.Izinkinga ze-neutrophils ezitholakalayo zingatholakala kwi-blood smear uma umzimba ugcizelelwe futhi kunesidingo esikhulu se-neutrophils. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, inani elikhulayo lama-neutrophils angashadile angenza indlela eya egazini esuka emangeni ngaphambi kokuba afinyelele ekuvuthweni. Udokotela wakho angasho ukuthi unezinyathelo ezikhulayo zezinsimbi - noma ngisho neutrophile ezingavuthiwe kancane - ekubaleni kwegazi lakho.
Ngenye indlela, ukukhiqizwa kwe-neutrophils engapheli kungahle kwenzeke nge-leukemias njenge- acute promyelocytic leukemia .
Izimbangela ze-Neutropenia
Ukubala kwakho kwe-neutrophil kungancipha yedwa, noma kunalokho, kunciphise kanye nezinye izinhlobo zamaseli egazi. Igama elithi pancytopenia libhekisela ekunciphiseni kwazo zonke izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zamangqamuzana egazi; amangqamuzana egazi abomvu (okubizwa ngokuthi i-anemia) platelets (okubizwa ngokuthi i-thrombocytopenia) namaseli amhlophe egazi.
Izindlela ezingabangela ukubala kwe-neutrophil ephansi kungabandakanya
- Ukwehla komkhiqizo we-bone lomnweba noma ungekho - Ngokwesibonelo, lapho umnyoba welimala ulimaza njenge-chemotherapy, noma kukhona ukutholakala kwamavithamini okukhona okubangela ukukhiqizwa okunganele.
- I-bone marrow infiltration - Lapho umnkantso wethambo "uthathwa" ngamaseli afana namaseli omdlavuza.
- Ukufuna ezinye ze-neutrophile - Isibonelo, ukulwa nokutheleleka noma ukubhekana nokuhlukunyezwa. Ekuqaleni, ngokutheleleka kwamagciwane amaningi, inani le-neutrophil landa. Nokho, ngezifo ezinzima, isibalo esincane se-neutrophil singabangela ukuthi isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sisindiswe yi-infection.
- Ukunciphisa ukusinda kwe-neutrophils - Nakuba ukutheleleka kuvame ukukhiqiza ukubalwa kwe-neutrophil, ukutheleleka okukhulu, kanye nokutheleleka ngamanye amagciwane kanye nezifo ze-rickettsial kungaholela ekunciphiseni ukusinda kwe-neutrophils nokubalwa okuphansi. Ama-neutrophils nawo angabhekana nokubhujiswa kwamagciwane ngenxa yamagciwane okuqondiswa ngokwawo ezimweni ezifana ne-lupus.
- Ukubhujiswa kwama-neutrophils okwakhiwe kakade.
- I-neutropenia ye-Cyclic.
Imibandela Engayenza I-Neutropenia
Ngezici ezingenhla, ukubalwa kwe-neutrophil kwehle kungase kube ngenxa yokuthi:
- I-Chemotherapy
- I-anemia ye-aplastic
- Ukuvezwa kwemisebe
- I-Myelodysplasia
- Amanqamu ahlobene negazi awela emnothweni wethambo njenge-leukemia
- Ukutheleleka ngegciwane
- Izifo ezithinta kakhulu (sepsis)
- Izifo zikaRickettsial
- Umkhuhlane we-typhoid
- Hypersplenism
- Ukusabela kwezidakamizwa - isibonelo, ku-penicillin, ibuprofen, ne-phenytoin
- I-Hyperglycemia
- Ukuntuleka kwe-Vitamin B12 (i-megaloblastic anemia) ne-folic acid ukuntuleka
- I-neutropenia kaKostmann (isimo sezakhi zofuzo esithinta izingane ezincane)
- Idiosyncratic (okusho ukuthi akekho owazi kahle ukuthi kungani inani le-neutrophil liphansi)
Ukubaluleka kokubala okuphansi kwe-Neutrophil
Ukubaluleka kokubala okuphansi kwe-neutrophil kuncike ezintweni eziningana, ikakhulukazi izinga le-neutropenia. Mhlawumbe ujwayele izindaba ze "baby bubble" - izingane ezizalwa nge-immune system, kodwa kunezigaba eziningi phakathi.
Ukubalwa kwe-neutrophil ephansi ingenye yemiphumela emibi kakhulu ye-chemotherapy . Lapho la maseli elinganiselwe kunoma iyiphi inombolo noma umsebenzi noma kokubili, imizimba yethu ayikwazi ukulwa nezifo, ngisho nama-bacteria ngokuvamile awabangeli izifo ezinzima.
Izibonelo: Ukubalwa kwe-neutrophil ka-Olivia kwakuphansi ngokulandela ukwelashwa kwakhe kwamakhemikhali, ngakho-ke oncologist wakhe watusa ukuthi aqale ama-antibiotic ukuze avimbele ukutheleleka.
> Imithombo
> Amulic, B., Cazalet, C., Haye, G. et al. Umsebenzi we-neutrophil: Kusukela kuNqubo yokuHlelwa kwezifo. Ukubuyekezwa Kwangonyaka ka-Immunology . 2012. 30: 459-489.
> I-National Institute of Health. I-MedLine Plus. Ukuhlukaniswa kwegazi. Kubuyekezwe 02/07/18. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003657.htm