Izimpawu, Ukwelashwa, Nokuguqulwa Kwe-Cancer Lung Cancer
Sibutsetelo
Ama-cancer omncane wamangqamuzana wamaphaphu amancane angu-15 amaphesenti e-lungamaphaphu. Ngokungafani namanqamu ejwayelekile wamangqamuzana amancane angasona amancane, umdlavuza omncane wamaphaphu ukhula ngokushesha kepha uvame ukuphendula kahle ngokuyi-chemotherapy ekuqaleni. Ngeshwa, kuvame ukuphindela emuva kokwelapha kokuqala futhi kube nokuphikisana kakhulu nokwelapha okwelashwa okulandelayo.
Amanqamu amancane amaphaphu amaphaphu avame ukuqala emigwaqweni emikhulu ye-airways ( bronchi ) yamaphaphu, kodwa asakazeka kusenesikhathi, ngokuvamile aye ebuchosheni.
Zichithwa zibe yizigaba ezimbili kuphela, umkhawulo omncane futhi omude wesifo somdlavuza wamaphaphu omncane. Amaphesenti angama-60 kuya kwangu-70 abantu asebevele benesifo esiningi kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa.
Umdlavuza wamaphaphu omncane uhlobene kakhulu nokubhema, nakuba ezinye izinto ezifana nokuvezwa kwe-radon kanye ne-asbestos nazo zihlobene nomdlavuza omncane we-cell lung. Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza wamaphaphu luvame kakhulu emadodeni kunabesifazane, futhi uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wamaphaphu ukuze kube nezimpawu ezibhekwa njenge- paraneoplastic syndrome - okungukuthi, izimpawu ngenxa yamahomoni afihliwe yisisu noma impendulo yomzimba womzimba kuya kwesifo.
Izimpawu
Izimpawu zesifo somdlavuza omncane wamangqamuzana angabandakanya:
- Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo
- Ukuhlanza igazi (i- hemoptysis )
- Ukuvuvukala ebusweni nasemqaleni
- Ukuphelelwa umoya
- Ukushisa
- Iziqephu eziphindaphindiwe ze-pneumonia noma i-bronchitis
- Ukuthuthumela
- Ukukhathala
- Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esingachaziwe
Izimpawu ngenxa yokusakazeka komdlavuza wamaphaphu kwezinye izifunda zomzimba.
Izindawo ezivame kakhulu lapho umdlavuza omncane wamaseli wamaphaphu kufaka khona kufaka:
- Ubuchopho - Izidakamizwa ze-Brain ezivela emdlavuza wamaphaphu zingase zenzeke kusenesikhathi, futhi zingase zibe uphawu lokuqala lala khansela. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ikhanda, izinguquko zombono, ubuthakathaka, noma ukugubha.
- Amangqamuzana - I- metastases ye-Bone ingabangela ubuhlungu ngemuva, ezinqulwini, esifubeni, ehlombe noma ezinambeni.
- Isibindi - Izidumbu zesifo sezinyo zingabangela ubuhlungu besisu, ukubhubhisa, nokwehlukanisa okwesibhakabhaka kwesikhumba okuthiwa i-jaundice.
- Izigulane eziyingozi - Izidakamizwa ze- Adrenal zivame ukutholakala ku-CT scan kunezibonakaliso, kodwa zingabangela ubuhlungu besisu.
Umdlavuza wesifo samaphaphu omncane ungabangela futhi izimpawu eziningi ezihlukahlukene ngenxa ye- paraneoplastic syndromes . Ezinye zazo zihlanganisa:
- Ubuthakathaka bemisipha emilenzeni engenhla, izinguquko zombono, nobunzima bokugwinya (i- Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome )
- Ubuthakathaka, ukukhathala, nezinga eliphansi le-sodium egazini (i- syndrome ye-antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) engalungile )
- Ukulahlekelwa kokuxhumana nokuhlupheka ukukhuluma (ukuguqulwa kwe-cerebellar ye-paraneoplastic)
- I-Clubbing (ukujikeleza) kweminwe
Izigaba
Kunezigaba ezimbili zomdlavuza omncane wamangqamuzana wamaphaphu:
- Umdlavuza We-Lung Can Limited - Umkhawulo omncane wamangqamuzana omzimba wamaphaphu ulinganiselwe njengomdlavuza omncane wamangqamuzana okhona emaphashini owodwa kuphela futhi kungenzeka usakaze emaphethini omzimba oseduze (phezulu) emaphashini ( mediastinum ), kodwa awuzange isakazeka (i- metastasized ) kwezinye izifunda zomzimba.
- I-Stage Extensive Cancer Lung Cancer - Emdlalweni omncane wesifo somdlavuza wamangqamuzana omncane, umdlavuza usakazekele (kwesinye isisu) kwesinye isifunda somzimba, njengenye i-lobe yamaphaphu noma ubuchopho.
Ukwelapha
Ukwelashwa komdlavuza omncane we-cell wamaphaphu kuyahluka kuye ngesiteji somdlavuza kanye nezinye izici.
Ukuhlinza - Ukuhlinzwa akuvamile ukwenza umdlavuza omncane wamaphaphu (ngokuvamile kubhekwa ukuthi awukwazi ukusebenza), kodwa ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukucatshangelwa uma isigunci esincane sitholakalayo ngesibindi i-X-ray noma i-CT scan (ngenxa yesifo esithile esincane esithile.) I-Adjuvant i-chemotherapy (i-chemotherapy ngemuva kokuhlinzwa) ivame ukuphakanyiswa uma ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngomdlavuza omncane we-cell lung.
I-Chemotherapy - Ukwelashwa kwesifo esincane futhi esiphezulu ngokuvamile kubandakanya inhlanganisela ye- chemotherapy kanye nokwelashwa kwemisebe.
Umdlavuza omncane wamaphaphu omncane uvame ukuphendula kahle ngokuyikhomikhali, kepha ukuphika kuyaqhubeka. Kutholakale ukuthi ukwelapha isiteleka esincane kakhulu somdlavuza wamaphaphu omncane nge-chemotherapy kuphakamisa ukusinda komphakathi ngesilinganiso se-4 noma sesi-5 ngokungahambisani nokuphathwa. Ama-chemotherapy evamile asetshenziswayo ahlanganisa inhlanganisela ye-cisplatin (i-Platinol) noma i-carboplatin (i-Paraplatin) ne-etoposide (VePesid.)
Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa - Kuzo zomdlavuza ezinganiselwe futhi ezinzulu, ukwelapha imishanguzo . ngokuvamile kuvame ukusetshenziswa kanye ne-chemotherapy.
I-prophylactic irradiation cranial (PCI) - Ezigulini ezithatha kahle ukwelashwa futhi zithole impendulo ephelele, i- prophylactic irradiation irradiation (PCI) - ukwelashwa kwama-radiative okuvimbela ebuchosheni - kunconywa ukuze unciphise ingozi ye-metastasis yobuchopho, kakhulu indawo evamile yomdlavuza ophindaphindiwe.
Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo - Izilingo eziningana zemitholampilo zikhona ezifuna ukwelashwa okungcono kumdlavuza omncane we-cell lung. Ngokuyinhloko, imithi emibili ye- immunotherapy , i-Opdivo (nivolumab) ne-Keytruda (pembrolizumab), eyamukelwa ngo-2015 kubantu abanomdlavuza wamangqamuzana ongewona omncane, manje sekucutshungulwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi ingasebenza yini ngokumelene nomdlavuza wamangqamuzana omncane wamangqamuzana . I-National Cancer Institute incoma ukuthi abantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu bacabange ukuthi bahlanganyele ekuvivinyweni kokwelashwa.Ukuthi, izinhlangano eziningana zomdlavuza wamaphaphu ziye zasungula isevisi yamahhala emilenzeni yemilingo yamaphaphu , lapho umhambi angakusiza ekutholeni ukuthi ukuvivinywa kokwelashwa okuqhubekayo kungafanisa isisu sakho nesifiso sakho.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Palliative - Ngaphezu kokwelapha umdlavuza, izindlela ezifana ne-radiation therapy zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukulawula izimpawu zesifo somdlavuza omncane we-cell lung. Ukushisa imithi kungasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu besifo ngenxa ye-metastases yamathambo, ikhanda kanye nobuthakathaka obubangelwa yi-metastases yobuchopho, ukuphuma kwamaphaphu, nokuphefumula okubangelwa ukuvinjelwa kwamanzi.
Isibikezelo
Isilinganiso sokusinda komdlavuza omncane we-cell wamaphaphu uhlukile kakhulu kuye ngesiteji. Njengamanje, izinga lokusinda iminyaka engu-5 lomdlavuza omncane wamangqamuzana wamaphaphu (zonke izigaba) ngamaphesenti angu-5 ukuya kwangu-10
Izinto ezihlotshaniswa nokuphila okuthuthukisiwe zihlanganisa ubulili besifazane, futhi isimo esingcono sokusebenza - okungcono impilo eningi ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa. Ukubhema okuqhubekayo kungancipha. Njengoba umdlavuza omncane wamaphaphu omncane ukhula ngokushesha, futhi njengoba sesifikile isikhathi eside namanye ama-cancer ekhula ngokushesha okufana ne-leukemia, kulindeleke ukuthi ukwelashwa okungcono kuzokwenzeka esikhathini esizayo.
Ukubhekana
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukufunda lokho ongakwenza mayelana nomdlavuza wakho wamaphaphu kungathuthukisa izinga lakho lokuphila, futhi mhlawumbe ngisho nomphumela wakho. Buza imibuzo. Funda mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo okungase kulungele wena, nokuthi ungaba kanjani ummeli wakho ekunakekeleni umdlavuza wakho.
Abantu abaningi bakuthola kuwusizo ukuba bahlanganyele eqenjini lokusekela noma umphakathi wokusekela. Cela futhi uvumele abathandekayo bakho ukuba basize. Futhi ubeke ithemba. Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu-nezinga lokusinda-kuthuthuka ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yalokho okwakubonakala sengathi kuyishintsha kancane. Kukhona ithemba eliningi.
Imithombo:.
I-National Cancer Institute. Ukwelashwa Kwemdlavuza Yamangqamuzana Amancane (PDQ) - I-Health Professional Version. Kubuyekezwe 02/18/16. https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq
Sher, T. et al. Umdlavuza omncane weseli wamaphaphu. I-Mayo Clinic Proceedings . 2008. 83 (3): 355-67.