I-Cancer Lung ku-Non-Smokers

by ULynne Eldridge, MD; Kubuyekeziwe ngo-Grant Hughes, MD

Umehluko Emdlalweni Wengculaza Phakathi Kwalabo Abangewona Abokubhema nabokubhema

Umdlavuza womlenze kubantu abangabhemi uvame kakhulu kunabantu abaningi abaqaphelayo. Eqinisweni, umdlavuza wamaphaphu abasoze waphuza manje ubhekwa njengesizathu esiyisithupha esivame kakhulu sokubulawa komdlavuza e-United States.

Nakuba sibheka ukubhema futhi singabhemi ndawonye lapho sixoxa ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu, umdlavuza wamaphaphu kulabo abangabhemi yisifo esihlukile ngezindlela eziningi. Yiziphi ezinye zalezi zingxabano?

Izibalo

Ngokuvamile, amaphesenti angu-10 kuya ku-15 amaphesenti e-lungula asempomeni akhona kubantu abangabhemi. (Amaphesenti angu-50 avela kulabo abababhema ngaphambili.)

Abesithathu kwabangabhemi abahola umdlavuza wamaphaphu bangabesifazane, kanti amaphesenti angama-20 emdlavuza wamaphaphu kubesifazane abonakala kubantu abangakaze baphuze. Leli phesenti liphakeme nakakhulu kubesifazane base-Asia.

Izimbangela

Eminye yezimbangela ezihlobene non-tobacco ezihlobene nomdlavuza wamaphaphu zihlanganisa:

Radon - Ukuvezwa kwegesi lika-radon emakhaya ethu kuyimbangela ehamba phambili yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kubantu abangabhemi.
Ukubhema kwentuthuko yesibili - Isibhamu se-Secondhand sinesibopho sezingu-3,000 zomdlavuza wamaphaphu minyaka yonke e-US
Ukuvezwa kwe-asbestos - Ukuvezwa kwe-asbestos emsebenzini kuyimbangela ebalulekile ye- mesothelioma , umdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Amafutha aerosolized okubangelwa ukupheka - Amafume okuvela ekuphekeni komakhelwane abhekwa njengimbangela ebalulekile yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabesifazane emazweni ase-Asia.
Okunye ukuchayeka kwemvelo

Okunye ukuvezwa komsebenzi
I-Genetic predisposition - Abantu abanomlando womndeni wesifo somdlavuza wamaphaphu cishe banomdlavuza wephaphu ngokwabo.
I-papillomavirus yabantu (i-HPV) - i-HPV itholakale kumaseli omdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa ngabe lokhu kubonisa ukuthi imbangela yomdlavuza wamaphaphu ayisaziwa.

Izinhlobo

Ngenkathi ingxenye engaphezu kwesigamu yamagciwane e-lungs kulabo ababhemayo abhekwa njengamagciwane e- squamous cell lung cancer (uhlobo lomdlavuza ongasona omncane wamaphaphu ), iningi lama-cancer wamaphaphu kwabangewona abhemayi yi- adenocarcinomas (olunye uhlobo lomdlavuza wesifo samangqamuzana omncane).

Amagciwane e-lungamakhemikhali amaphaphu ajwayele ukukhula eduze nemimoya yomoya futhi abangela izimpawu ekuqaleni, njengokukhwehlela noma ukukhwehlela igazi (i-hemoptysis).

I-Adenocarcinomas ivame ukukhula ezindaweni zangaphandle zamaphaphu futhi ingaba khona isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu zenzeke. Izimpawu ezinjengokuphefumula, ukukhathala, noma izimpawu ngenxa yokusakazeka komdlavuza kwezinye izifunda zomzimba (njengokubuhlungu kwethambo) kungase kuvame kakhulu.

I-Bronchoalveolar carcinoma (i-BAC) igama eliye lashintshwa futhi libhekwa njengesigcawu se-lung adenocarcinoma. Ngenye indlela yomdlavuza wamaphaphu ovame kakhulu kubantu abangabhemi, ikakhulukazi abesifazane ababhemayo abangabhemi. Ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa, ukubonakala kwe-BAC kubonakala sengathi kwanda emhlabeni wonke.

Okuningi Ngezibonakaliso Zomdlavuza We-Lung ku-Non-Smokers

Biology

Umdlavuza we-Lung ku-non-smokers uhlukile kunomdlavuza wamaphaphu kulabo ababhemayo kwizinga lofuzo, amaselula, ne-molecular. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinguquko zamaseli ezenza ukuba amangqamuzana omdlavuza wamaphaphu ahluke kuwo wonke amazinga, kusukela ohlelweni lwezakhi zofuzo olutshela amangqamuzana ukuthi ahlukanise futhi akhule, ngendlela amaseli asebenza ngayo futhi axhumane namanye amaseli. Njengamanje, umdlavuza wamaphaphu kulabo ababhemayo nabangabhemi baphathwa ngendlela efanayo. Njengoba sifunda kabanzi mayelana nokwahlukana phakathi komdlavuza kulabo ababhemayo nabangabhemi, lokhu kungashintsha.

Ucwaningo oluthile lubonisa ukuthi abantu abangazange baphuze baphendule kangcono ekhemotherapy. Ezinye izinguquko zofuzo emangqamuzaneni yomdlavuza zivame kakhulu kulabo abangazange baphuze , futhi ngaleyo ndlela bahlose izindlela zokwelashwa ezihloswe kulezi zinguquko ezingase zisebenze kangcono kulabo ababhemayo.

Wonke umuntu otholakala enomdlavuza wesifo samangqamuzana ongewona omncane - futhi ikakhulukazi abangewona obhemayo - kufanele abe nokuhlolwa kofuzo (ukuprofiliswa kwamangqamuzana) okwenziwe emathunjini abo. Ngaphandle kokuhlola izicubu ezitholakala nge-biopsy yamathishu emaphaphu, ukuhlolwa okusha kwegazi ( i-biopsy yamanzi ) kwamukelwa ngoJuni ka-2016 ukuthola ukuguqulwa kwe-EGFR . Lezi zinguquko zivame kakhulu kubantu abangazange bapheze.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Cancer Lung

Isibikezelo

Umdlavuza we-Lung kwabangewona abokubhema uvame ukutholakala ukuthi usezingeni elidlule, okokuqala kubhekwe ukutheleleka kokuphefumula noma ngisho nokwelapha. Noma kunjalo, izifundo ezithile (kodwa hhayi zonke) ziphakamisa ukuthi ukusinda jikelele kungcono kunabangabhemi. Lo mthelela ubonakala kakhulu kulabo abatholakalisiwe esiteji sokuqala sesifo. Abesifazane abangewona abokubhema banesifo esingcono kakhulu kunabesilisa abangabhemi nomdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Ukuvimbela

Ukuhlola ikhaya lakho nge-radon nokugwema ukubhema umshini wesibhamu yizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ongayenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu njengomuntu ongabhemi. Imikhuba ethile yokudla , kanye nokulinganisa okulinganiselayo kokuzivocavoca , kubonakala sengathi ingozi ephansi.

Ukuvimbela I-Cancer Prevention for Non-Smokers

Imikhombandlela Yesikhathi Esizayo KuPhenyo

Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka ukuthola izindlela zokuthola umdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabangewona abokubhema esikhathini esingaphambili. Esikhathini esizayo, odokotela bangase bakwazi ukuhlola amatshwayo we-tumor, izinto ezisegazini ezihlobene nomdlavuza, ukuthola lezi zomshukela kwabangewona abokubhema ezingeni zokuqala, ezitholakala kakhulu.

Ukusekela

Ngenxa yecala lomdlavuza wamaphaphu, abangebhemayo ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu njalo babika ukuthi bazizwa bengaphansi kokusekelwa kunabantu abanezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza. Amazwana angenakukhunjulwa, njengokuthi, "Angingazi ukuthi ungumuntu obhemayo," kungalimaza kakhulu futhi kuyingozi nakakhulu, lapho abantu bezizwa benamahloni ukuhlanganyela umzabalazo wabo nabanye ngenxa yecala. Bobabili ababhemayo nabangewokubhema nomdlavuza wamaphaphu badinga ukunakekelwa okungenasisekelo nokusekelwa.

_Imithombo:

_{UBryant, A. no R. Cerfolio.} _{Ukungafani nokuhlukunyezwa kwe-cigarette, i-histology, nokuphila phakathi kwabokubhema ugwayi nabangabhemi abakha umdlavuza ongasona omncane wamaphaphu.} _{Isifuba .} _{2007. 132 (1): 185-92.}

_{Couraud, S. et al.} _{Umdlavuza we-Lung ku-never smokers - Ukubuyekezwa.} _{I-European Journal of Cancer .} _{2012 Mar 28. (Epub ngaphambi kokuphrinta).}

_{URudin, uC. Et al.} _{Umdlavuza we-Lung ku-never smokers: amaphrofayili emangqamuzana kanye nokuthinta ukwelapha.} _{Ucwaningo lweCancer Clinic .} _{2009. 15 (18): 5646-61.}

_{USamet, J. et al.} _{Umdlavuza we-Lung ku-never smokers: i-epidemiology yezokwelapha kanye nezimo ezingozini zemvelo.} _{Ucwaningo lweCancer Clinic .} _{2009. 15 (18): 5626-45,}

_{I-Scagliotti, G. et al.} _{Umdlavuza wamaphaphu we-Nonsmall akukaze upheze.} _{Umbono wamanje ku-Oncology .} _{2009. 21 (2): 99-104.}

_{U-Subramanian, J. no R. Govindan.} _{Izakhi zofuzo zomdlavuza wamaphaphu kubantu abangakaze babheme.} _{I-Lancet Oncology .} _{2008. 9 (7): 676-82.}

_{U-Subramanian, J. et al.} _{Isethulo nemiphumela ethize yesigaba sabangapheli kuze kube phakade abangenaso ukubhema komdlavuza wesifo samaphaphu (NSCLC).} _. _{I-Journal ye-Thoracic Oncology .} _{2007. 2 (9): 827-30.}