I-Cancer Yamangqamu Ihluke Kanjani Kwabesifazane Kunabantu?
Ingabe bewazi ukuthi izimpawu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu zivame ukuhluka kwabesifazane kunabesifazane?
Akuzona kuphela izimpawu ezihlukile, noma kunjalo. Izici eziningi zomdlavuza wamaphaphu, ezivela ezinhlobonhlobo ezivame kakhulu zesifo ukuba zisinde, zihluka phakathi kobulili. Ake sibheke izindlela umdlavuza wamaphaphu ohlukile kubesifazane, nokuthi yini okudingeka ukwazi ukuthi uthola ukuthi unakekelwa kahle kakhulu kwezempilo.
Umdlavuza wamangqamu kwabesifazane uhlukile emdlalweni wamaphaphu emadodeni ngezindlela eziningi. Noma kunjalo, naphezu kokungafani okubonakalayo ekubukeni kwethu, sivame ukwehlisa amadoda nabesifazane lapho sixoxa ngesifo. Lokhu kuyisihlungu, ngoba izimbangela, impendulo ezikwelapha ezihlukahlukene, izinga lokusinda, kanye nezimpawu ezivame kakhulu ziyahlukahluka. Yiziphi ezinye amaqiniso ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabesifazane?
Izibalo
Umdlavuza we-Lung iyimbangela ehamba phambili yokubulawa komdlavuza kwabesifazane, ukubulala abesifazane abaningi ngonyaka kunomdlavuza wesifuba , umdlavuza wesibeletho kanye nomdlavuza we-ovarian .
Nakuba ukubhema kuyimbangela eyodwa, amaphesenti angu-20 abesifazane abakha umdlavuza wamaphaphu akakaze abambe ugwayi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umdlavuza wamaphaphu cishe uzovela kulabo abababhemayo ngaphambili, labo abakhele umkhuba, kunabesifazane okwamanje ababhema.
Uma sekucatshangwa "njengesifo somuntu," umdlavuza wamaphaphu awusalubandlululo. Ngo-2017 kulinganiselwa ukuthi amadoda angu-116 990 nabesifazane abangu-105,510 bayotholakala ukuthi banesifo.
Nakuba ukuxilongwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kuye kwehlelwa ngamadoda, bahlala besondelene nabesifazane. Okusho ukuthi, ngaphandle kweqembu elilodwa. Umdlavuza we-Lung ukhula kwabasifazane abasha, ababheki nhlobo.
Umdlavuza we-Lung kwenzeka esikhathini esincane kakhulu kwabesifazane kunamadoda, kanti cishe ingxenye yesifo samaphavuza emaphashini kubantu abadala asebadala besifazane.
Izinhlobo kuBesifazane nabesilisa
Izinhlobo zomdlavuza wamaphaphu zivame ukuhluka phakathi kwabesifazane nabesilisa. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezisemqoka zomdlavuza wamaphaphu:
- Umdlavuza wamangqamuzana omncane ongewona omncane, obala cishe amaphesenti angama-80 omdlavuza wamaphaphu
- Umdlavuza wamangqamuzana omncane wamangqamuzana, okubalwa ngamaphesenti angu-15 kuya ku-20 wamanqamu wamaphaphu.
Amanqamu wamaphaphu amaphaphu angewona amancane ajwayelekile kakhulu umdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabesifazane. Amakhansela amancane amaphaphu amaphaphu abuye avame kakhulu emadodeni, kodwa kungenzeka kakhulu ukuba indoda ihlakulele umdlavuza omncane wamaphaphu ngaphezu kwesifazane.
Amakhansela amancane amaphaphu amaphaphu athambekele ekusakazeni kalula, futhi ngenxa yalokhu kungase kube nokunye ukungafani kokubikezela phakathi kobulili.
Kumdlavuza omncane wamangqamuzana wamaphaphu, kukhona ama-subtypes amathathu, futhi ahluke phakathi kobulili. Lokhu kufaka:
- I-adenocarcinoma yama-lung , okuphethwe cishe ngamaphesenti angu-50 alawa kansa
- I-Squamous cell carcinoma yamaphaphu, ehlanganisa cishe amaphesenti angama-30 ama-cancer angaphazamisa amangqamuzana amaphaphu amancane.
- Umdlavuza wamaphaphu omkhulu, okwenzeka cishe ngamaphesenti angu-10 alawa kansa.
(Izinombolo lapha azifaki ezingamaphesenti angu-100 njengoba ezinye izicubu zibe nezici ezingaphezu kweyodwa uhlobo lomdlavuza wamaphaphu, njenge-adenosquamous.)
I-adenocarcinoma ye-lung yiyona ndlela evamile kakhulu yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabesifazane, futhi futhi uhlobo lomdlavuza wamaphaphu okungenani okuhlobene nokubhema.
Amadoda angaphezu kwabesifazane ukuthuthukisa umdlavuza we-cell wamaphaphu.
I-BAC (i-Bronchioalveolar carcinoma) , isimo esimiswe kabusha njengesimo se-lung adenocarcinoma, uhlobo olusavamile lomdlavuza wamaphaphu oluvame kakhulu kwabesifazane. Ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa, izimo ze-BAC (manje ezibizwa ngokuthi i-lung adenocarcinoma) zibonakala zikhula emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi kubantu besifazane abasebasha, abangabhemi.
Lokhu umehluko ezinhlobonhlobo zomdlavuza wamaphaphu phakathi kwamadoda nabesifazane kungabika ezinye zezimpawu ezibonakalayo emadodeni nakwabesifazane.
Izimbangela
Ngisho noma ukubhema kuyimbangela eyodwa yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabesifazane, iphesenti ephakeme yabesifazane abahlakulela umdlavuza wamaphaphu kukhona ukuphila okungapheli okungabhemi.
Ezinye zezimbangela zingabandakanya ukungena ku- radon emakhaya ethu, ukubhema komshini wesibhamu , nezinye izimo zokungcola kwemvelo nezokusebenza, noma ukutholakala kwezakhi zofuzo . Ucwaningo lwamuva luveza ukuthi ukutheleleka nge-papillomavirus yomuntu (HPV) nakho kungadlala indima
Izimpawu Ezivamile
Siye safunda ukuthi izimpawu zokuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo zihlukile kumadoda nabesifazane futhi okufanayo kuyi-cancer yomaphaphu.
Amadoda anomdlavuza wamaphaphu angase abe nokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, ukukhwehlela igazi , noma ukuthuthukisa izifo zokuphefumula ngenxa yezikhumba ezivimba imimoya yomoya. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabesifazane ngokuvamile ziba nomqondo ongacacile wokuphefumula (ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa uneminyaka yobudala noma inzuzo yesisindo noma ukuphelelwa amandla,) nokukhathala.
Lokhu kungezwani kwezimpawu kungase okungenani kuyingxenye ehlobene nokuhlukana kohlobo lwamaphavuza emaphaphu phakathi kwamadoda nabesifazane.
Amadoda angase ahlakulele umdlavuza omncane wamaphaphu wesifo noma umdlavuza wesifo samaphaphu wesicathulo kunabesifazane. Lezi zomshukela zivame ukukhula eduze noma ngaphakathi kwezindiza ezinkulu zamaphaphu. Kule ndawo bangabangela kalula ukukhwehlela, ukuphaphaza, noma ukuvimbela ukuhamba kwamagciwane okubangela ukutheleleka okunjenge-pneumonia noma ukuwa kwamaphaphu ( atelectasis ),
Ngokuphambene, i-lung adenocarcinoma yiyona ndlela evamile kakhulu yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabesifazane. Lezi zicubu zivame ukukhula emaphethelweni emaphaphu, kude nemikhumbi ehamba phambili. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, bancane amathuba okubangelwa ukukhwehlela, okwenza umuntu akhonse igazi, noma avimbele ukuhamba kwemimoya okuholela ekutheleleni.
Esikhundleni salokho, i-adenocarcinomas ingakhula kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba itholekele. Lokhu kukhula kungaholela ekwenzeni kancane kancane ukuphefumula , nokukhathala. Izikhathi eziningi abesifazane abanayo izimpawu kuze kube yilapho lezi zifo zomdlavuza ziphulukene (ezithintekayo) kwezinye izifunda zomzimba. Ama-metastase ebuchosheni angabangela izimpawu zamehlo, ukunganaki noma ubuthakathaka. Ama-metastases emathanjeni angabangela ubuhlungu besifuba, ubuhlungu bomhlane, ubuhlungu besifuba noma ubuhlungu behlombe . Ezinye izimpawu zingase zenzeke ezihlobene nomdlavuza we-metastatic ngokuvamile, njengokulahlekelwa kwesisindo esingenhloso.
Izimpawu Ezijwayelekile Ezivamile
Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu emadodeni zivame ukukhula eduze kwe-airways ephakathi. Lezi zicubu zivame ukubangela izimpawu ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo, ezinezimpawu ezihlobene nokuba khona kwe-tumor eduze ne-airway. Ngakho-ke, ukukhwehlela igazi, ukuvimbela okuholela ekupheleni kwephaphu (atelectasis), nokukhwehlela kungabonakala ekuqaleni kwamanqamu emaphaphu atholakala emadodeni kunokuba ayengabesifazane.
Elinye iqembu lezimpawu ezibonakala ngezikhathi ezithile nomdlavuza wamaphaphu into okuthiwa i- paraneoplastic syndrome . I-paraneoplastic syndrome iqoqo lezimpawu ezibangelwa izinto ezinjenge-hormone ezifihliwe izicubu futhi kubonakala kaningi ngamanqamuzana amancane amaphaphu amaphaphu, umdlavuza we-squamous wamaphaphu wamaphaphu kanye namagciwane amakhulu e-cell carcinomas atholakala kaningi emadodeni.
Izimpawu ze-paraneoplastic zingase zibe nezinga eliphezulu le-calcium egazini (i- hypercalcemia ), izinga le-sodium eliphansi, ubuthakathaka emlenzeni ophezulu, ukulahlekelwa kokuhlanganiswa kanye nokuhlukunyezwa kwamasipha phakathi kwezinye izimpawu.
Izinketho zokwelapha
Ukwelapha wena nodokotela wakho ukhetha kuzovame ukuhlanganisa inhlanganisela yezokwelapha. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi lezi zisetshenziswa kanjani, zingasiza ukuchaza injongo yalezi zindlela zokwelapha ezahlukene.
- Ukwelashwa kwendawo - Ukwelapha kwendawo kuklanyelwe ukususa amangqamuzana omdlavuza emithonjeni yabo-endaweni yangaphandle-futhi kubandakanya ukwelapha kanye nokwelashwa kwemisebe.
- Imithi yokwelapha - Izindlela zokwelapha ezihlelekile zenzelwe ukubhekana namaseli omdlavuza noma kuphi emzimbeni wakho, hhayi nje amaphaphu akho. Lokhu kubalulekile uma umdlavuza wakho usakaze ngaphezu kwamapayipi akho, noma uma kunethuba lokuthi okungenani amaseli ambalwa ahambele amaphaphu akho. Imithi yokwelashwa ihlanganisa i-chemotherapy, imithi ehlosiwe, kanye ne-immunotherapy.
Ukuhlinzwa
Ama- cancer (lungeni lokuqala kuya esigabeni IIIA) angase ahlinzekwe ithuba lokuthola ukwelashwa. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezihlukahlukene zokuhlinza umdlavuza wamaphaphu okungase ukhethwe kuye ngobukhulu besisu sakho nendawo yaso. Abesifazane abanokuhlinzwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu bavame ukuhamba kangcono kunamadoda analezi zinqubo. Kwesinye isifundo, ukusinda okuphakathi komphakathi ngemva kokuhlinzwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kwaphindwa kabili kwabesifazane njengamadoda.
I-Radiation Therapy
Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kungenziwa ngezizathu eziningana. Ekuqaleni kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza elingenakusebenza ngenxa yesizathu esithile, inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i- stereotactic body radiotherapy (i-SBRT) ingahlinzeka ithuba lokuthola ukwelashwa.
Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kuvame ukwenziwa (ukwelashwa kwemisebe yangaphandle ye-radium) ukuhlinzwa okulandelayo ukuhlanza noma yikuphi amaseli omdlavuza asele. Kungenziwa futhi ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kanye ne-chemotherapy ngomzamo wokunciphisa isisu kuya esayizi engasuswa ngokuhlinzwa.
Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa nakho kungenziwa njengendlela yokwelapha-ukwelashwa okuklanyelwe ukuphulukisa umdlavuza, kodwa ukwandisa impilo noma ukuthuthukisa izimpawu zesifo. Eminyakeni yamuva, i-SBRT isetshenziselwe abantu abathile abanezibalo ezimbalwa kuphela ezibuchosheni kusukela esigabeni 4 somdlavuza wamaphaphu. Yize lokhu kungavamile ukukhetha, ukususwa "kwama-oligometastases" ngale ndlela kuye kwaholela ekusinde isikhathi eside kwabanye abantu.
I-Chemotherapy
Abesifazane basabela emlandweni emithini emithi yokwelapha yamakhemikhali emaphesenti amancane kunamadoda.
Imithi ehlosiwe
Wonke umuntu onomdlavuza wesifo samangqamuzana ongewona omncane kufanele abe nokuhlolwa kofuzo (ukuprofetha kwamangqamuzana) ukuze afune ukuguqulwa okuguqukayo, futhi kubonakala sengathi ukuba neyodwa yalezi zinguquko, ikakhulukazi i-EGFR, ivame kakhulu kwabesifazane kunamadoda. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukwelashwa kuyatholakala kulabo abanokuguqulwa kwe-EGFR , i- ALK rearrangements , kanye nokulungiswa kabusha kwe-ROS1 , kanti nezinye izindlela zokwelashwa zihlolwe ezinkulweni zomtholampilo. I-Tarceva (erlotinib) nayo ibonakala iyasebenza kakhulu kwabesifazane.
Immunotherapy
I-Immunotherapy iyindlela entsha ethokozisayo yokwelapha umdlavuza , kanti imithi emithathu kulesi sigaba iye yamukelwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu kusukela ngo-2015.
Izivivinyo zemitholampilo
I-National Cancer Institute incoma ukuthi abantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu bacabange ukuthi bahlanganyele ekuvivinyweni kokwelashwa . Lokhu kuhlolwa akusizi nje ukuqhubekisela phambili ucwaningo emdlalweni wamaphaphu kodwa, ngezinye izikhathi, linikeza abantu impilo yokukhulisa imithi engatholakali.
Amanani Okusinda
Inani lokusinda komdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabesifazane liphakeme kunamadoda kuzo zonke izigaba zesifo. Ngokudabukisayo, isilinganiso seminyaka engu-5 sokusinda singamaphesenti angu-18 kuphela (cishe amaphesenti angu-12 amadoda), kodwa le nombolo cishe izokhula esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Isibonelo sokufanekisa leli themba, kwakukhona ukwelashwa okusha okuvunyelwe umdlavuza wamaphaphu esikhathini esiphakathi kuka-2011 no-2017, kunaneminyaka engamashumi amane ngaphambi konyaka ka-2011. Kungasiza ukukhumbula ukuthi amazinga okusinda anqunywa ngokusekelwe kwezibalo abantu basabela emithonjeni yomdlavuza wamaphaphu esikhathini esidlule.
Umsebenzi we-Estrogen
Kungenzeka ukuthi i-estrogen idlala indima ekuthuthukiseni nasekuthuthukisweni komdlavuza wamaphaphu futhi ucwaningo lwenziwe ukuchaza lokhu okuqhubekayo. Abesifazane abanamaqanda abo asuswe ngokuhlinzwa ngaphambi kokuya esikhathini sokubeletha bangase babe engozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonisa ukuthi ukwelashwa nge-estrogen kanye ne-progesterone (i-hormone substitution therapy) ngemuva kokumisa esikhathini kungangandisa ingozi yokufa ngumdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ngokuphambene, ukusetshenziswa kwe-estrogen therapy kuphela kuye kwahlotshaniswa nengozi ephansi yokufa ngesifo.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, kokubili ukusetshenziswa kwamaphilisi okuvimbela ukubeletha kanye ne-hormone therapy esikhundleni (ngaphandle kwalabo abasebenzisa ama-hormone ngemuva kokuya esikhathini sokuhlinzwa) kuhlotshaniswa nengozi ephansi yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Lokhu kuqhathaniswa phakathi kokufa nokuthuthukiswa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kusikisela ukuthi i-estrogen idlala indima eyodwa emdlalweni wamaphaphu.
Resources Resources
Ngeshwa, kuze kube yamuva kwaba nokusekelwa okuncane okutholakala kwabesifazane abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu kunalokho okwakutholakala kwamanye amagciwane. Kodwa ukuthi umphakathi womdlavuza wamaphaphu awunakho izinombolo wenza ngokujulile, futhi kukhona umphakathi osebenzayo nomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngaphandle kakhulu. Funda ngokuthola amaqembu wokusekela umdlavuza wamaphaphu nemiphakathi yokusekela . Uma ngabe uxhumana nabantu, i-hashtag #LCSM ingakusiza ukuthi uthole abanye abhekana nezinselele ezifanayo. Njalo ngoLwesine nge-twitter kukhona "tweetchat" esihlokweni somdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ngokungafani nanoma yini ngaphambili, lezi zingxoxo zinikeza ithuba leziguli zomdlavuza wamaphaphu, iziguli zabo, abagqugquzeli, umdlavuza wamaphaphu nabacwaningi, ukuze bonke baxoxe. Funda kabanzi mayelana nomdlavuza womphakathi wamaphaphu (#LCSM.)
Ukuba Ummeli Wakho Ngomdlavuza
Uma ngabe sizobiza inombolo yento eyodwa umuntu angayenza ukuze athuthukise ukusinda kwabo nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kungaba ukuzivikela. Uma ubandakanyeka emphakathini womdlavuza wemaphaphu, uzohlangana nabesifazane abaningana abaphila kuphela ngoba bahilelekile futhi bafunda ngemithi emisha. Imithi yesifo somdlavuza isuke ishintsha ngokushesha. Hlola lezi zeluleko zendlela ongacwaninga ngayo umdlavuza wakho ku-inthanethi , kanye nendlela yokuzimela ngokwakho kumdlavuza wakho . Ngokujabulisayo, akudingeki wenze lokhu kuphela. Ngaphandle komphakathi womdlavuza wamaphaphu, izinhlangano eziningana zomdlavuza wamaphaphu zisebenze ndawonye ukuze zenze isevisi yomlingani wekliniki yemayini yomaphaphu . Ngalesi sevisi samahhala, umgibeli wemoto angabukeza ukuxilongwa kwakho okuqondile futhi ahlole ukuvivinywa kokwelashwa okwenziwe noma kuphi emhlabeni okungase kube yinketho kuwe.
Lapho Othandekayo Enomdlavuza Wegazi
Uma kungumngane wakho othandekayo oye wathola ukuthi unomdlavuza wamaphaphu ungase uzizwe ukhululekile futhi ungenasici. Ungamsekela kangcono kakhulu othandekayo wakho ngomdlavuza? Thatha isikhashana ukungena ezicathulweni zakhe. Nasi isihloko esixoxa ngokuthi "sithini ngempela ukuhlala nomdlavuza" futhi sabelana ngemibono mayelana nokuthi yini abasinda emdlavuza wamaphaphu abafisa ukuthi amalungu omndeni wabo ayazi. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza ulalele futhi ube khona. Enye yezinkathazo ezinkulu zalabo abanomdlavuza ukuthi bazoba yedwa.
Ukuqwashiswa nokuXhaswa
Nakuba abesifazane abaningi besifa ngenxa yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kunomdlavuza wesifuba, imali eyengeziwe isetshenziselwa ukucwaninga umdlavuza webele. Abantu abaningi basebenza ngokungakhathali ukunciphisa inhlamba yomdlavuza wamaphaphu nokwandisa kokubili imali yangasese kanye nomphakathi yesifo.
Ukunciphisa Ingozi
Ngokujabulisayo, nakuba umdlavuza wamaphaphu kuyimbangela ehamba phambili yokufa komdlavuza kwabesifazane, kunezinye izinto ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho.
- Uma ubhema, shiya
- Gwema ukubhema umsizi wesibhamu
- Hlola ikhaya lakho nge-radon
- Ukuzivocavoca .
- Hlola lezi zinsuku eziphezulu ezinganciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu , futhi, uma usuvele uhlala nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, thatha isikhashana ukufunda ngalokhu kokudla komdlavuza wamaphaphu .
Izwi elivela
Umdlavuza we-Lung ngezindlela eziningi isifo esihlukile kwabesifazane kunamadoda. Ngenhlanhla, lokhu kungezwani kuyacaca njengoba sifunda kabanzi mayelana nokuhlukahluka kwamangqamuzana phakathi kwama-cancer ahlukene. Ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabesifazane besaba njengabantu abavamile njengamadoda, kungenzeka ukuthi sizothola ukungafani okunye okungasetshenziselwa ukuqondisa ukwelashwa nokwenzela ukunakekelwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu.
> Imithombo:
> Ben Khedher, S., Neri, M., Papdopoulos, A. et al. Izinkinga Zokuya esikhathini nokuzala kanye nomngciphe wegciwane lomgogodla: Ukuhlaziywa okuxubile okuvela kwi-International Lung Cancer Consortium. I-International Journal of Cancer . 2017. 141 (2): 309-323.
> Min, L., Wang, F., Liang, S., Yang, J., no X. Xu. Isimo seMenopausal kanye Nengozi Ye-Cancer Lung Kwabesifazane: I-PRISMA-I-Meta-Analysis ehambisanayo. Imithi (Baltimore) . 2017. 92 (26): e7065.
> I-pass, i-Harvey I. Izimiso nokuziphatha komdlavuza wamaphaphu: umbhalo osemthethweni we-IASLC. I-Philadelphia: I-Wolters Kluwer Health / Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010. Phrinta.
> Stucker, I., Martin, D., Neri, M. et al. Ucwaningo lwe-Epidemiology Lung Cancer (WELCA) Isifundo: Ukuzala, iHormonal, Izingozini ze-Occupational Risk ne-Biobank. I-BMC Impilo Yomphakathi . 2017. 17 (1): 324.