Indlela ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ezinikezwayo kuqhubeka njalo, kodwa isipiliyoni onayo nomsebenzi wakho jikelele asikashintshi kangako eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-50 edlule. Cabanga ngalokhu: I-stethoscope esasetshenziswa kakhulu namuhla yenziwa ngo-1816. I-cuff pressure ye-blood yasungulwa ngo-1881. Ngisho namarekhodi wezokwelapha ze-elektroniki (EMRs) , owasungulwa ngo-1972, angaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amane ubudala.
Kunezizathu eziningi ezinhle zokuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokutholakala kwempilo emisha ye-digital kuyashesha ukwamukelwa ochwepheshe bezokwelapha abaningi banamuhla. Kodwa-ke, ijubane lapho izinto ezintsha zenzeka khona namuhla kusho ukuthi izixazululo eziphezulu ze-tech zifinyelela emakethe ejwayelekile kunanini ngaphambili, ngezinye izikhathi zichitha abagcini bamasango bendabuko. Kukhona ithemba elisha lokuthi ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe bezempilo kungase kusheshe kuthathele ezinye izingxenye ezingasebenzi kahle zokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Akukhona nje ubuchwepheshe obubangela ukuphazanyiswa-ukusebenzisana kwethu nabaqeqeshiwe bezempilo kuyashintsha futhi, futhi kanjalo, odokotela bezempilo kufanele bavumelane nezindlela zabo zokwelapha.
Ngakho-ke nakuba kuyiqiniso amahhovisi odokotela abavamile abeneziqu ezivela esikhathini esedlule, ubuchwepheshe bezempilo kanye nempilo yedijithali baqala ukwandisa isipiliyoni sokunakekelwa okuyinhloko, nakwezinye izindawo zemithi. Emzamweni wokwenza ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kufinyeleleke kalula, ngokwakho, nangokwezomnotho, kuhlongozwa izindlela ezintsha zokunakekelwa okungase kunselele izindlela zendabuko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo.
Isibonelo esisekelwe kwezobuchwepheshe sokunakekela izwe elisha
Ngo-1973, uDkt. Lewis Thomas, umongameli weSikhungo Sengculaza Sikhumbuzo eSikhumbuzweni saseNew York, wanikeza inkulumo. Waqhathanisa "izwe elidala lokuzama ukuzama ukuzama ukuhlola kanye nephutha" nezwe elisha lokufinyelela kwedatha kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bezempilo. UDkt. Thomas wacabanga ukuthi lokhu kwakuyikusasa lomuthi.
Wayekholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi ukuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe obuhle kwakudingeka ukuze insizakalo yokunakekelwa kwezempilo izuze ngendlela ehlelekile. Uphinde wabona ukuthi umphakathi jikelele uvame ukukhathazeka ngobuchwepheshe obubucayi babecabanga ukuthi bafihlekile ebhokisini elithile lezokwelapha.
Eminyakeni engaba ngu-45 eyedlule, uTomas uxoxile ngomthelela wezobuchwepheshe emithini yemithi futhi wakhuthaza izimali ezinkulu ezenzweni zesayensi ukuxazulula ezinye zezimfihlakalo zezokwelapha zesikhathi sakhe. Lezi zinsuku, ubuchwepheshe banganikeza izixazululo eziningi ezintsha nezinombono ezinkingeni ezabonakala zingenakwenzeka. Kodwa-ke, kunabanye abasakungabaza indima yezempilo yedijithali emithini yansuku zonke. Nakuba abambalwa bengaphikisana ngokuthi imithi yesimanje isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe njengethuluzi lokunakekelwa, isibonelo sokunakekelwa okugxile ekubukheni ubuchwepheshe asikakagcwaliseki ngokugcwele.
Kunezibonakaliso ukuthi lokhu kungashintsha esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Kuneziqalo eziningana zezokwelapha ezinesifiso sokudabuka ubuhlobo obuvame ukuba khona phakathi kweziguli kanye nabasebenzi bawo jikelele. La maphayona amasha empilweni ahlose ukuletha "umhlaba omusha" wezobuchwepheshe kuwo wonke isiguli ngentengo engabizi.
Ubuchwepheshe Busetshenziswa Kanjani Manje?
Esinye isibonelo esinjalo siPhambili, isiqalo se-Silicon Valley esungulwa yinjiniyela wangaphambili we-Google.
Ukuze ulethe isiguli ngasinye isakhiwo somuntu siqu, Ukuhamba phambili kuhlanganisa ukuhlakanipha okufakelwayo ngokuhlolwa komuntu wangaphakathi komuntu. Ihhovisi likadokotela wabo liqukethe isithwebuli somzimba esinikeza ulwazi olusheshayo emisebenzini yomzimba eyisisekelo, ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA kusuka ematheni, nokuhlolwa kwangempela kwesikhathi segazi okunikeza amakhasimende ngolwazi lwezokwelapha emaminithini angaphansi kwengu-15.
Esikhundleni somthengi okhokhela ukuvakashelwa ngalunye, Ukuhamba phambili kunemodeli yokubambisa izindleko, okubandakanya ukufinyelela kwe-24/7 kubachwepheshe bezempilo nge-app yabo yeselula. Ubulungu buhlanganisa nokuphathwa kwezempilo okuqhubekayo ngokusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe babo obudidiyelwe.
Izinkampani ezinjengokuhamba phambili ziyashintsha indlela esetshenziselwa ngayo ukuxhumana nabasebenzi bethu jikelele futhi singandisa indlela esibheka ngayo manje ukuqhubeka kwezempilo.
I-Connecticut Institute for Primary Innovation Innovation (CIPCI) yinye ibhizinisi elihlose ukwakha iHhovisi Eliyinhloko Lokunakekelwa Kwekusasa. Ukubambisana phakathi kwesibhedlela sase-Saint Francis ne-Medical Center ne-University of Connecticut School of Medicine, isikhungo selokhu sisebenzuka kusukela ngo-2010. Sinesithakazelo sendlela yokuthuthukisa isipiliyoni sesiguli ngokunikeza ubuchwepheshe obungcono bezempilo nokuthuthukiswa kwehhovisi. Eminye yemiqondo yabo esemqoka ihlanganisa ukugxila ekuthuthukiseni ukubandakanyeka kwesiguli, ukusetshenziswa kwe-telemedicine, ukwamukelwa okungcono kwamadivayisi agqokekayo nokuthuthukisa amathuluzi okuxhumana asebenzayo e-intanethi.
Kuziguli eziningi, kungaba ukonga futhi kuphumelele ngokwengeziwe ukuphatha izimo zabo ngokuzinakekela nokuqapha okude . Ukukhombisa ukuthi ukunakekelwa kungaphathwa kanjani kude, i-CIPCI inikeza izibonelo zeziguli zisebenzisa amadivaysi angenawaya adlulisela ngqo kumarekhodi abo ezempilo . Ukuthumela imiyalezo ephephile kanye nezingxoxo zevidiyo nazo zisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukufinyeleleka kanye nekhwalithi yokunakekelwa. I-CIPCI izama ukunikeza isipiliyoni sokunakekelwa okuyinhloko esedlulela ukuvakasha kwehhovisi. Ithemba labo lizoba lapho isiguli sidinga khona. Babuye bagxila ekuthuthukiseni ukubambisana nokuxhumana phakathi kwamalungu eqembu ahlukene ngokudala ama-hubs eqembu lomtholampilo ukuze kuhlanganiswe kangcono amasevisi. I-CIPCI iphinda isebenzise ubuchwepheshe ukuze iqoqe imisebenzi ethile yokuchitha isikhathi, njengama-refill refills.
Izinguquko Singalindela Ngo-2022
Ihhovisi lezokwelapha eliphezulu elibhekiswe yiPhambili neCIPCI lingase lizwakale njengemibono yombono. Kodwa-ke, izinhlelo zezempilo emhlabeni jikelele zizikhandla ngokwezibonelo zokunakekelwa ezingenazintambo kanye nobuchwepheshe. I-National Health Service (i-NHS) yase-UK yashicilela idokhumende ebhala ezinye izinguquko iziguli ezingalindela kubasebenzi bezokwelapha eminyakeni embalwa elandelayo. Ubuchwepheshe nokunakekelwa okude kakhulu yizingxenye ezinkulu ze-NHS.
Ukuxhumana kwe-Telemedicine kanye ne-intanethi kungekudala kuyoba yinto evamile, kuqede ukukhungatheka kwamakamelo okulinda. Olunye ushintsho olungenzeka lungaba yisikhathi esichitha nodokotela wethu. Izikhathi ezincane ezihlinzekwa iziguli kulezi zinsuku ziyabonakala njengezingasebenzi, ikakhulukazi iziguli ezinezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi nezifo eziningi. Ngokwezinye izibikezelo, uchwepheshe jikelele wesikhathi esizayo uzokwazi ukunikeza izikhathi eziningi eziguquguqukayo futhi akwazi ukwandisa ama-aphoyintimenti ukubhekana kahle nezidingo zethu ngaphandle kokushesha.
Ngomnyaka ka-2022, iziguli zingalindela ukuba nezinqununu ezinomzimba nodokotela wazo futhi zikwazi ukufinyelela kumarekhodi azo ezokwelapha, izinhlelo zokudlulisela emuva, nemigomo lapho bekwazi khona ukuthola inthanethi. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bezokwaziswa buqhubeka nokwazisa kangcono iziguli nokuthuthukisa ikhono labo lokuphatha izimo zabo, ukugcizelela ekuthathweni kwezinqumo okwabiwe kuzokwakhiwa kakhulu kunalokho okwamanje. Futhi, ukubaluleka kwamabhodi okuxoxa okuxhumeke kwi-intanethi kanye namaqembu asekela onontanga e-intanethi cishe anganda ngaphezu kwesikhathi. Esikhathini esizayo, ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo okuyinhloko cishe kuzophuma ehhovisi likadokotela nasezindlini zethu (noma enye indawo yokukhetha kwethu) ngamathuluzi ahlukene e-intanethi kanye nezinketho ze-digital.
I-genetics yomtholampilo ingenye indawo yesayensi eqhubekayo ngokushesha. Izivivinyo ezihlukahlukene zobungozi bezakhi zofuzo ziba lula kakhulu, futhi izilungiselelo zokunakekela eziyinhloko azisekho njengabalindisango. Ukuhlola ukuhlolwa kungasebenzisa isampula yamathe noma igazi ukuze kutholakale izifo zesifo somuthi wesifo esithile. Lokhu kakade kubhekwa njengendlela ebalulekile yokuvimbela izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza, kuhlanganise nesifuba , i-ovarian, i-colorectal, ne-prostate umdlavuza.
Njengoba ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo kuphakamisa imibuzo eminingana emisha, indima yodokotela yesikhathi esizayo kuyodinga ukwanda ukuze ifake ukuhumusha okulungile kwemiphumela, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngeziqondiso zesiguli. Iziguli kuzodingeka ziqonde ukuthi iziphumo zithini. Isibonelo, lapho kutholakala isimo sokufa, udokotela angase anikeze ukuthi ngabe izingane / izihlobo kufanele zihlolwe futhi. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi odokotela bokunakekelwa okuyinhloko kuzodingeka bakhulise ulwazi lwabo lwezakhi zofuzo zomtholampilo.
Ubuchwepheshe Bwanamuhla Ezandleni Zabantu Abagulayo
Amatheknologi namathuluzi edijithali ukuthi iziguli zingasebenzisa ngokwawo manje zigxila kakhulu emibuthanweni yezempilo yedijithali kanye nobuchwepheshe bezempilo. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula kanye nezingubo zokugqoka ngokuvamile zibhekwa ngokuphathelene nokunakekelwa kwesikhathi esizayo. Njengamanje, ngeshwa eziningi zezinhlelo zokusebenza zezempilo azitholakali kahle ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokunakekelwa kwekhwalithi. U-Brenda K. Wiederhold, umhleli-inhloko ye- Cyberpsychology, Ukuziphatha Nezenhlalo Zokuxhumana , uphawula ukuthi ukubuyekezwa okubanzi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zezokwelapha kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuphumelela kwazo. Izilingo ezilawulwe ngokungahleliwe zivame ukulahleka.
Isibonelo, isifundo se-2016 sibonise ukuthi kuphela amaphesenti angu-10 kuphela wezinhlelo zokusebenza okuhloswe ukusiza abantu abanokucindezeleka asekelwe ubufakazi obunamandla. Ukubhekana nale gap, izinhlelo zokuhlola uhlelo lokusebenza seziqalisiwe ezindaweni eziningi. Isibonelo, e-UK, i-NHS Digital ne-NICE isebenza ngomthethonqubo wohlelo lokusebenza oluzayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yale minikelo. Uma lobu buchwepheshe buhlolwe kahle, odokotela bazokwazi ukunikeza izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisekelwe ezisekelwe iziguli ezigulini zabo. Lokhu kuzothuthukisa ukuphepha kanye nekhwalithi yezinketho ezinjalo zokwelapha, kanye nokufaka isandla emtholampilo wabo kanye nokwamukelwa kweziguli.
Ubuchwepheshe obubhebhethekayo buyingxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lwethu lokunakekela impilo, futhi. Singalindela ukuthi esikhathini esizayo, ochwepheshe jikelele bazokwazi ukuthembela kolwazi lwesikhathi sangempela kusuka ezigqoka. Lokhu kungadlala indima ebalulekile ekuphathweni kwezempilo, ikakhulukazi uma ukwelapha iziguli ezisengozini. Idatha eqoqwe ngamadivaysi agqokelwe ukugqoka isimo azokwazi ukuxwayisa umhlinzeki wokunakekelwa uma kukhona izibonakaliso zokuxwayisa zesimo esithile sezempilo ezivela.
Kodwa-ke, abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezigqoko zokugqoka kubhekene nezinselelo eziningi, kuhlanganise neziguli ezilahlekelwa inzalo kumadivayisi ahlukene nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Futhi, abanye abantu abasazethembi ubuchwepheshe bezempilo obuqhubekayo, okusikisela ukuthi amanye amaphetheni achazwe nguLew Thomas Thomas ngo-1973 aphikelela. Isikhathi esiningi nemithethonqubo engcono kakhulu kuyadingeka ukwakha abathengi abathembele futhi bathuthukise imikhuba emisha yezobuchwepheshe emphakathini phakathi kwesisekelo esibanzi sabasebenzisi.
> Imithombo:
> Huguet A, Rao S, Rozario S, et al. Ukubuyekezwa Okuhlelekile Kwezokwelapha Zokuziphatha Nezinhlelo Zokusebenza Zokucindezeleka. Plos ONE . 2016; (5).
> I-Royal College of General Practice. I-GP 2022. Umbono womkhuba jikelele esikhathini esizayo se-NHS. 2013.
> I-Commentary kaThomas L.: Umthelela Wesikhathi Esizayo Wezesayensi Nezobuchwepheshe Emithi. BioScience. 1974; 24 (2): 99-105.
> I-Wiederhold B. I-Behavioral Health Apps Okubanzi, kodwa Ucwaningo olususelwe ebufakazi cishe alukho. I-Cyberpsychology, Ukuziphatha Nezingosi Zokuxhumana . 2015; 18 (6): 309-310.