I-savant ngumuntu oxilongwa nge- savant syndrome - isimo esake sibhekwa yisikhathi esiphelelwe yisikhathi "idiot savant." I-Savant syndrome, ngokusho kukaDarold A. Treffert, MD weYunivesithi yaseWisconsin Medical School, uMadison, "... kuyisimo esingavamile, kodwa esingavamile, lapho abantu abanokukhubazeka ngokwengqondo okukhulu, kuhlanganise ne-autistic disorder, 'banesiqhingi' i-genius 'ephazamisekile, ehluke ngokungahambisani nokukhubazeka. "
Ngamanye amazwi, i-savant yindoda enezinselele eziyinhloko ezikholelwa ngamakhono abo ahlukile nakweqile endaweni eyodwa. Bangase babe ne-IQ ephansi kakhulu noma ezinye izinselele ezingqondweni - kodwa futhi babonise cishe amandla amakhulu abantu endaweni eyodwa kakhulu. Ama-savants angahle noma angabi yi- autistic .
Ngokuvamile, abafundi banamakhono angavamile ezindaweni zezibalo, umculo, kanye nenkumbulo. Abafundi abadumile njengoKim Peek, imodeli lapho uDustin Hoffman's Rain Man ehlelwe khona, kungase kuvele ngokushesha ukubala izinsuku zeminyaka eminingi emlandweni noma esikhathini esizayo. I-peek yayingakaze itholakale nge-autism.
Yini i-Savistic Autant?
I-autistic savant yindoda ene-autism enesimo esithile esingavamile sokwazi noma ikhono. Ngokusho kukaTreffert, "Abaningi kwabayishumi abane-autistic disorder banezindlela ezinjalo eziphawulekayo ngezinga elihlukahlukene, nakuba i-savant syndrome yenzeka kwezinye ukukhubazeka okuthuthukiswayo noma kwezinye izinhlobo zokulimala kwesistimu enkulu noma izifo.
Noma ngabe yiliphi ikhono le-savant, lihlale lihlotshaniswa nenkumbulo enkulu. "
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi "abafundi" kanye "nabantu abane-talented" abanalo into efanayo. Kukhona abantu abaningi abane-autistic abanamakhono ajwayelekile-kodwa i-savant syndrome ayidabuli futhi iyingozi kakhulu. Ngamanye amazwi, umuntu ophethe i-autism okwazi ukubala kahle, ukudlala ithuluzi, noma ukuzitholela yena owazi kahle kakhulu akuyona incazelo nge-savant.
Umuntu onethalente futhi ohlakaniphile one-autism, onjengezifuyo zezilwane zeThempeli Elikhulu , ngokuqinisekile uyaqhafaza futhi uyakwazi - kodwa akayena owaziyo.
Ingabe i-Savant Syndrome iyinto enhle?
Kuyinto evamile ukuba abazali bezingane abane-autism baxelelwe ukuthi banenhlanhla kangakanani ukuthi ingane yabo i-autistic kusukela i-autism isho ukuhlakanipha okukhulu nekhono. Kodwa-ke, okuyiqiniso ukuthi abantu abambalwa abane-autism bayakwazi, nakuba abaningi behlakaniphile kakhulu.
Kuzama ukubona i-savant syndrome njengento enhle. Phela, abafundi bangabantu abanomdlandla kakhulu abanamakhono angaphezu kwalabo abavamile. Kodwa-ke, okuyiqiniso ukuthi akusho ukuthi kube lula ukuphila futhi, kwezinye izimo, kungenza impilo ibe nzima nakakhulu.
Kwezinye izimo, abalondolozi be-autistic banamakhono angaphezu kwamandla angathuthukiswa noma abhaliswe ngezindlela eziwusizo. Isibonelo, abanye abaculi be-autistic abanamakhono kanye nabaculi bayakwazi ukuthengisa umsebenzi wabo (cishe njalo ngabazali noma abaphathi). Nokho, ezimweni eziningi, amakhono we-savant "amakhono ahlukumezayo," okusho amakhono ukuthi, ngesikhathi sangempela futhi ephawulekayo, awasetshenzisiwe ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Isibonelo, ikhono lokuphindaphinda amakhasi encwadi yocingo kusuka enkumbulweni, ngenkathi i-prodigious feat, ayisebenzeli injongo enenzuzo ngaphandle kwayo.
Imithombo:
> C Hou et al. "Abafundi be-Autistic." Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol. 2000 Jan; 13 (1): 29-38.
> DA Treffert. "I-savant syndrome: isimo esingavamile. I-synopsis: eyedlule, yamanje, nekusasa." I-Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2009 Meyi 27; 364 (1522): 1351-7.
> DA Treffert. : I-savant syndrome ne-autistic disorder. "I-CNS Spectr. Ngo-1999 Dec; 4 (12): 57-60.