Ukuguqulwa kwezempilo kuyinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi, ehlanganisa izici eziningi ezihlukene. Uma usebenze ekunakekelweni kwezempilo okwesikhashana, ikakhulukazi njengomhlinzeki noma umphathi, cishe uyaqonda lokhu. Uma usemusha embonini yezempilo, noma uma ungakaze usebenze ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, lokhu kungakusiza ukuba uqonde amanye amaphuzu ayisisekelo endabeni yokulungisa impilo.
Abantu abaningi, kuhlanganise nezombusazwe, izikhulu zikahulumeni, ochwepheshe bezempilo kanye nezakhamizi, banomuzwa wokuthi uhlelo lwezempilo e-United States ludinga ukukhokhelwa ngokuphelele. Abanye banomuzwa wokuthi kukhona indawo yokuthuthukisa, kodwa uhlelo lokunakekela impilo aludingeki luguqulwe ngokuphelele.
Izinjongo Zokuguqulwa Kwezempilo
Izinhloso eziyinhloko zokuguqulwa kwempilo zihlanganisa:
- Nikeza ukuhlinzekwa kwezempilo kubo bonke (okwamanje abangaqinisekisiwe) baseMelika jikelele
- Nciphisa izindleko zemisebenzi yokunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nokwaziswa
Izwakala njengomqondo omuhle, akunjalo? I-United States inezindleko zezempilo eziphakeme ngokweqile, futhi sinamamiliyoni abantu abangaqinisekisiwe. Ngakho kubonakala sengathi kusobala ukuthi sidinga ukuhlinzekela bonke, futhi sinciphise izindleko. Nokho, lezo zinhloso ezimbili azihambisani neze.
Izinketho zomshuwalense
Iningi labantu abahlinzeka ngomshuwalense baqinisekisiwe ngomqashi wabo, ngenqubomgomo yomshuwalense wezempilo yenkampani.
Abanye abaqashi bakhokha ngokugcwele lokhu, kanti abanye abaqashi bahlanganyela nezindleko nabasebenzi. Abanye abantu abasebenza ngokweqile noma abangasebenzi kumele bakhokhele inqubomgomo yabo yomshuwalense wezempilo ngokukhokha imali yokuqala yenyanga. Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 bafanelekela uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lukahulumeni olubizwa nge- Medicare , ekhokhwa kakhulu yizintela nezinye izimali zikahulumeni.
I-Medicaid enye uhlelo oluxhaswa nguhulumeni oluqinisekisa labo abampofu kakhulu ukuba bangazitholi umshwalense wabo. Ukwengeza, kunezinhlelo zikahulumeni ezixhasiwe nguhulumeni kanye nezinhlelo zezingane zokumboza izakhamuzi eziningi ezingenakukwazi ukukhokhela umshuwalense wezempilo. Kodwa-ke, zikhona izigidi zabantu baseMelika abangafanelekeli noma iyiphi yalezi zinshuwalense.
Abantu abaningi banomuzwa wokuthi ukunikeza ukunakekelwa kwempilo ezigidini zabantu abangakutholakali okwamanje kungenza uhlelo lwezempilo lube ngaphezulu, okuholela ekulindeni isikhathi eside futhi bebenze kakhulu odokotela.
Izindleko zezempilo eziphakemeyo
Izindleko zokunciphisa izinsizakalo zezempilo enye enye into enkulu. I-United States inezokwelapha ezindleko kodwa futhi inezinye zezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Ukwelashwa kanye nobuchwepheshe eMelika zihamba phambili kakhulu, futhi lokho kuhambisana nezindleko, hhayi okungenani okucwaninga nokuthuthukiswa, njengokuhlolwa kweklinikhi nokuhlolwa kwebhu. Ukunciphisa izindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kungaba yinto enhle kakhulu, kodwa hhayi uma izindleko zinciphisa ngenxa yabahlinzeki bemitholampilo, noma izinkampani ezithuthukisa izindlela zokwelashwa ezibhekiswe ekunqumeni kanye nobuchwepheshe esibajabulelayo e-United States.
Izici eziningi zithinta izindleko eziphezulu zokunakekelwa kwezempilo abantu abavame ukuzicabangela.
Isibonelo, imithetho yezokwelapha okungahambi kahle kwezinye izindawo ingabangela izindleko zokunakekelwa kwempilo ephakeme. Ezindaweni ezivusa amadlingozi, ukukhuphuka kwezindleko zomshuwalense wokukhwabanisa kungena emgogodini odokotela nezibhedlela, okumele ukuthi udlulisele lezo zindleko iziguli. Ngaphezu kokunyuka kwezindleko zomshuwalense wokukhwabanisa, ukwesaba ukuboshwa kubangela odokotela abaningi ukuba bahlole izivivinyo ezingadingekile ukuze bazihlanganise nabo. Lezi zivivinyo ezengeziwe zifaka nezindleko eziphezulu zokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Uma udokotela enza iphutha elingenandaba, kufanele akhokhele; Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi izikhwama zokukhwabanisa zifakwe ngokweqile noma ezingadingekile ezenza izindleko zezempilo eziphakeme.
Ukusebenza Kwezempilo
Ngakho sishintsha kanjani ukunakekelwa kwempilo? Enye indlela ukuzama ukwenza kube ngempumelelo kakhulu. Mhlawumbe ukusebenzisa amarekhodi wezokwelapha nge-elekthronikhi (i-EMR) yimpendulo yokwenza wonke umsebenzi wezempilo uphumelele. I-EMR ingasiza, kodwa kunezindleko ezihambisana nokuthuthukisa, ukusebenzisa, nokugcina uhlelo lwe-EMR olusebenza kahle. Ngo-2009, uMongameli Obama wanikeza ukusetshenziswa kwe-EMR emisebenzini yezokwelapha ukuze ibhola liqhume kule ndawo. Abaningi bezombangazwe kanye nezikhulu zikahulumeni bazama ukuthola izindlela ezengeziwe zokwenza ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kuphumelele, ngaleyo ndlela banciphise izindleko zabo.
Ukwandisa Ukunakekelwa Kwezempilo
Ngokukhushulwa kwabo bonke, kuhlanganise nezigidi zezipho ezingaqinisekisiwe, abanye besaba ukuthi lokhu kuzoholela ohlelweni olulodwa kuphela, bese-ke siyoba nenketho elilodwa kuphela - uhulumeni. Ngaleso sikhathi, siyoba nesistimu efana neyaseYurophu naseCanada. Abaningi bazizwa ukuthi lokhu kuyinto enhle eMelika. Abanye banomuzwa wokuthi lokhu kuzokwenza izinga lokunakekelwa liyeke (njengoba lisezindaweni eziningi lapho kutholakala khona ukunakekelwa kwempilo kazwelonke), futhi kubangele isikhathi eside kakhulu (izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya konyaka) wokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.
Ukucatshangelwa ngenhla kuyizinto ezimbalwa zezindaba ezivelele ezihilelekile ekushintsheni kwezempilo. Ngakho uma ukuguqulwa kwezempilo kuqaliswa, ngabe kuyothinta kanjani umsebenzi wakho wezempilo? Lokho kuncike ekusebenzeni kahle. Kodwa iningi liyavuma ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwezempilo kuzoholela ekukhuleni komsebenzi okwandisiwe ngezindlela eziningi, ngenxa yomthetho owandisiwe kanye nomthwalo wesiguli esingeziwe kwezigidi zabantu abangazithola ngokuphepha ngokuzenzekelayo.
Uma uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lomphakathi oluzikhethela lubeka abaqinisekisi abayimfihlo ngaphandle kwebhizinisi, ngakho-ke bonke odokotela nabahlinzeki bezokwelapha bazobe sebesebenzela uhulumeni wase-US ngaleso sikhathi. Ngokusobala, lokho kunganciphisa izinketho zakho kubaqashi, ngoba uhulumeni uzobe esilawula konke ukunakekelwa kwempilo, njengoba kwenza eCanada naseYurophu, lapho bonke odokotela nabasebenzi bezempilo bebesebenza khona kuhulumeni.
Njengoba ungase ubone ngalezi zindaba ezingenhla, ukuguqulwa kwezempilo kuyisenzo esikhulu esinezinhlobonhlobo eziningi futhi kungenzeka ukuthi akukho nesisombululo esilula.